State of Louisiana Versus Viusqui Perez-Espinosa

STATE OF LOUISIANA NO. 19-KA-601

VERSUS FIFTH CIRCUIT

VIUSQUI J. PEREZ-ESPINOSA COURT OF APPEAL

STATE OF LOUISIANA

ON APPEAL FROM THE TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF JEFFERSON, STATE OF LOUISIANA
NO. 17-415, DIVISION "K"
HONORABLE ELLEN SHIRER KOVACH, JUDGE PRESIDING

September 22, 2020

STEPHEN J. WINDHORST
JUDGE

Panel composed of Judges Stephen J. Windhorst,
Hans J. Liljeberg, and John J. Molaison, Jr.

AFFIRMED IN PART; VACATED IN PART; REMANDED
SJW
HJL
JJM

COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE,
STATE OF LOUISIANA
Honorable Paul D. Connick, Jr.
Thomas J. Butler
Anne M. Wallis
Kellie M. Rish
Richard L. Olivier

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT,
VIUSQUI J. PEREZ-ESPINOSA
Jane L. Beebe

WINDHORST, J.

Defendant, Viusqui Perez-Espinosa, appeals his convictions and sentences for

second degree murder and obstruction of justice. For the reasons that follow, we

affirm defendant’s conviction and sentence for obstruction of justice, vacate

defendant’s conviction and sentence for second degree murder, and remand the

matter to the trial court for further proceedings.

Facts and Procedural History

After a trial, on March 26, 2018, a twelve-person jury convicted defendant by

an eleven-to-one verdict of second degree murder in violation of La. R.S. 14:30.1

(count one) and unanimously of obstruction of justice in violation of La. R.S.

14:130.1 (count two). On April 25, 2018, defendant filed a written motion for new

trial and for post-verdict judgment of acquittal and a written motion for appeal and

designation of record. On April 26, 2018, the date of sentencing, the trial court

granted defendant’s motion for appeal and designation of the record. After granting

the motion for appeal, the trial court heard and denied defendant’s motion for new

trial and for post-verdict judgment of acquittal. The trial court sentenced defendant

to life imprisonment at hard labor without the benefit of parole, probation, or

suspension of sentence on count one and 40 years at hard labor on count two, with

the sentences to be served consecutively. Defendant filed a motion to reconsider the

sentences in open court, which the trial court denied.

On defendant’s first appeal, this Court vacated his sentences and remanded

for resentencing after finding that the trial court erred in denying defendant’s motion

for new trial and for post-verdict judgment of acquittal because it did not have the

jurisdiction at that time to render a ruling on the motion. State v. Perez-Espinosa,

18-576 (La. App. 5 Cir. 4/10/19), 269 So.3d 1119.

Per this Court’s previous opinion, the trial court held a hearing on September

11, 2019 to address defendant’s motions and resentence defendant. Before

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resentencing defendant, the trial court denied defendant’s motion for new trial and

motion for post-verdict judgment of acquittal. The trial court resentenced defendant

to life in prison at hard labor without benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of

sentence on count one and forty years imprisonment at hard labor on count two. The

trial court ordered these sentences to run consecutively. Counsel adopted the

previously-filed motion to reconsider sentence; which the trial court denied. This

appeal followed.

At trial, the following facts were revealed. The victim, Ives Alexis Portales-

Lara, was missing on the night of Friday, November 11, 2016. That day, Elena

Earwood, a co-worker, brought the victim home from work around 5:45 p.m. Earlier

in the day at work, the victim told her that he was texting with T.C., his female

roommate, who was having issues with defendant because defendant wanted to

move back in with her. T.C. had been sexually involved with defendant, and had

moved in with him at 255 Baylor Place, Apartment B. T.C. described that defendant

was a jealous person and lived on and off at the apartment with her. After defendant

was moved out of the apartment, T.C. and the victim began to have a romantic

relationship. Due to their age differences, T.C. did not tell anyone about her

relationship with the victim.

On November 8, 2016, T.C. had allowed defendant to move back in the

apartment and to sleep on the sofa, but she told him she had no interest in a romantic

relationship with him. At that time, she and the victim still had an on-going sexual

relationship. Defendant asked her whether they were having a sexual relationship,

but T.C. denied it. Defendant did not want the victim in the apartment.

According to T.C., on the morning of the day the victim disappeared,

defendant told T.C. he wanted to be with her, grabbed her by her arms, threw her on

the bed, and pulled down her pants and underwear. T.C. struggled and told

defendant she was going to scream, and defendant told her not to do so. Defendant

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then performed oral sex on T.C. and ejaculated onto her stomach. Afterwards,

defendant began to cry, asked for her forgiveness, and then went to work. T.C. told

the victim via text message what defendant had done.

That night, when T.C. arrived home, defendant was there lying on the couch.

She noticed in the bathroom that the victim’s belongings were gone, and wondered

whether the victim had left without telling her goodbye or leaving her key. When

T.C. asked defendant if he had seen him, defendant told her that he had gone to Wal-

Mart, and when he got back, the victim was gone. T.C. did not notice anything

unusual or out of place in the apartment. She tried to open the victim’s bedroom

door, but it was locked. During the weekend that the victim had gone missing,

defendant cooked her favorite foods for her, sent her flowers, and cleaned the

apartment.

On Tuesday, November 15, 2016, since the victim remained missing, Saidy

Garcia (the victim’s wife), Elena, and Carlos Lorenzana (the victim’s pastor and co-

worker) all went to the Kenner Police Department and spoke with Sergeant Jeffrey

Adams. In response, Sergeant Adams, along with several other officers, went to the

apartment. At the apartment, Sergeant Adam Schouest and Detective Bryan Weiter

spoke to defendant with the assistance of Officer Alvarenga. Defendant showed

them to the victim’s bedroom. Sergeant Adams remained in the living room area,

and while there, noticed a dark red blood-colored substance on the floor. As he

walked around the apartment, he noticed more blood-like droplets on the walls of

the living room and in the hallway leading to the victim’s bedroom. At that time,

both defendant and T.C. were asked to come to the police station to provide

statements. Sergeant Adams also obtained a search warrant for the apartment.

Officers executed a search warrant on the apartment and discovered a

substance determined to be blood throughout the apartment. Officers also found a

substance determined to be blood in the trunk and backseat of defendant’s vehicle.

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DNA testing revealed that the blood substance found in the apartment and

defendant’s vehicle was the victim’s blood.

Officer Alvarenga, Sergeant Schoeust, and Detective Weiter interviewed

defendant. In the interview, defendant indicated that the last time he saw the victim

was at work on Friday afternoon, when the victim was waiting for a ride home.

Defendant denied he ever got into a disagreement or fight with the victim, or that he

suspected the victim and T.C. were having a relationship. Defendant claimed that

T.C. wanted to be with him, and denied anything happened with T.C. on Friday

morning, or that he and the victim argued over him allegedly sexually assaulting

T.C. The officers informed defendant that there was blood found on the walls and

floor of the apartment and questioned him regarding whether there was a struggle

between him and the victim. Defendant denied anything ever happened and told the

officers that he would not know how to move the body as the victim was heavier

than him, and he would be unable to clean all the blood by himself.

On December 29, 2016, at 8:35 a.m., the St. John Parish Sheriff’s Office

received a call from a fisherman located in the St. John Reserve Canal who reported

that he saw what appeared to be a human arm floating in the water. The arm was

found and collected as evidence.

On January 12, 2017, the St. John’s Sheriff Office received a call from a

pipeline construction worker who saw what appeared to be body parts floating in a

waterway off of the Reserve Canal and underneath the I-10 bridge. Crime scene

investigators found what appeared to be an upper thigh floating in the water, a black

plastic garbage bag containing a thigh, and two legs from the knee down, a torso,

and another black plastic garbage bag containing gray sweatpants and boxer briefs.

Search and rescue found more plastic bags on January 13 and 14, 2017.

On January 13, 2017, Dr. Erin O’Sullivan, an expert in the field of forensic

pathology, performed an autopsy on the torso, thighs, and lower legs, including the

19-KA-601 4

feet. She did not observe any trauma to the limbs other than that they were separated

from the spaces of the joints. Without being able to examine the head, neck, and left

arm, Dr. O’Sullivan was unable to determine if there was trauma to those areas or

the cause of death. In Dr. O’Sullivan’s opinion, she believed that whoever

disarticulated the victim’s body parts did so with a degree of skill and strength. She

also noticed cuts made into some of the bones. Dr. O’Sullivan took samples of the

body parts for DNA analysis and subsequently learned they belonged to the victim.

Also once the body parts were discovered, Dr. Marcela Zozaya, an expert in the

fields of chemistry, biology, and DNA analysis and a forensic DNA analyst with the

Jefferson Parish DNA Lab, determined that the DNA taken from the body parts

matched the DNA found in the apartment and trunk and was that of the victim’s

DNA.

At trial, defendant testified that, when the victim came home after work on

November 11, 2016, he was in the bathroom, and that the victim approached him

from behind with a knife, which defendant could see in the bathroom mirror. He

recalled that the two struggled, and the victim accidentally cut his own throat with

the knife. Defendant stated that the victim started to bleed all over the hallway “like

an open faucet.” Defendant also stated that he was trying to stop the flow of blood,

but the victim fainted in his arms. Defendant could tell that the victim did not have

a pulse any longer, so he took the victim’s covers from his bed and wrapped the

victim in it. Defendant claimed that he did not call the police because he was afraid

and thought they would not believe the victim cut his own throat.

Defendant testified that he cleaned the house because he did not want T.C. to

find out what happened when she came home from work. He admitted that he put

the victim’s body parts into three trash bags and into his trunk and threw them out

as he was driving. He denied ever wanting to hurt the victim and said it was an

accident. He indicated that he threw the knife that the victim cut his own throat with

19-KA-601 5

into the canals. Defendant also admitted that he lied to the police when he said he

got home from work at 7:00 p.m. and claimed he did not know what happened to the

victim.

Law and Analysis

Defendant asserts that the trial court erred in accepting a non-unanimous jury

verdict in light of the Supreme Court’s ruling in Ramos v. Louisiana, 590 U.S.―,

140 S.Ct. 1390, 206 L.Ed.2d 583 (2020), and that this Court should vacate

defendant’s conviction and remand the matter to the trial court. The jury in this case

returned a non-unanimous verdict for defendant’s second degree murder conviction,

but a unanimous verdict for his obstruction of justice conviction. Thus, the non-

unanimous verdict issue applies only to the second degree murder conviction and

sentence.

In Ramos, supra, the United States Supreme Court found that the Sixth

Amendment right to a jury trial, as applied to the states by the Fourteenth

Amendment, requires a unanimous verdict to convict a defendant of a serious

offense. The Court concluded: “There can be no question either that the Sixth

Amendment’s unanimity requirement applies to state and federal trials equally. So

if the Sixth Amendment’s right to a jury trial requires a unanimous verdict to support

a conviction in federal court, it requires no less in state court.” 140 S.Ct. at 1397.

Based on Ramos, Louisiana courts will have to retry defendants who were convicted

of serious offenses by non-unanimous juries and whose cases are still pending on

direct appeal.

For purposes of the Sixth Amendment, federal law defines petty offenses as

offenses subject to imprisonment of six months or less and serious offenses as

offenses subject to imprisonment over six months. The Sixth Amendment’s right to

a jury trial only attaches to serious offenses. See generally Lewis v. United States,

518 U.S. 322, 327-28, 116 S.Ct. 2163, 135 L.Ed.2d 590 (1996). The penalty for

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second degree murder as provided in La. R.S. 14:30.1 is life imprisonment at hard

labor without benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence, and is thus a

serious offense requiring a jury of twelve persons. See La. Const. Art. I, § 17; La.

C.Cr.P. art. 782.

Considering Ramos, that this case is on direct appeal, and that the verdict for

the second degree murder conviction was not unanimous, we vacate that conviction

and sentence, and remand this matter to the trial court for further proceedings.

Because the verdict for the obstruction of justice conviction was unanimous, we

affirm that conviction.

Defendant also asserts that the trial court imposed an excessive sentence by

ordering counts one and two to be served consecutively. Because we vacate the

conviction and sentence on defendant’s second degree murder conviction,

consecutive sentences are no longer an issue in that only one sentence remains.

Thus, this assignment of error is now moot.

Errors Patent

This Court routinely reviews the record for errors patent in accordance with

La. C.Cr.P. art. 920; State v. Oliveaux, 312 So.2d 337 (La. 1975). Our review

indicates that the trial court resentenced defendant on the same date that it denied

his motion for new trial and for post-verdict judgment of acquittal. La. C.Cr.P. art.

873 provides that: “If a motion for a new trial, or in arrest of judgment, is filed,

sentence shall not be imposed until at least twenty-four hours after the motion is

overruled. If the defendant expressly waives a delay provided for in this article or

pleads guilty, sentence may be imposed immediately.” Although Article 873 does

not explicitly require a twenty-four-hour delay in sentencing after a motion for a

post-verdict judgment of acquittal has been denied, this Court has applied the

twenty-four-hour delay in Article 873 to motions for post-verdict judgment of

19-KA-601 7

acquittal. State v. Johnson, 11-375 (La. App. 5 Cir. 12/28/11), 83 So.3d 1116, 1124,

writ denied, 12-296 (La. 6/22/12), 91 So.3d 966.

Absent a showing of prejudice, when a defendant does not waive the delay

afforded in Article 873, and does not challenge the penalty imposed, the error may

be harmless. State v. Wilson, 99-105 (La. App. 5 Cir. 7/27/99), 742 So.2d 957, 959,

writ denied, 99-2583 (La. 2/11/00), 754 So.2d 935. Thus, absent a showing that

prejudice resulted from the failure to afford the statutory delay, reversal of the

prematurely imposed sentence is not required. State v. Seals, 95-305 (La. 11/25/96),

684 So.2d 368, 380, cert. denied, 520 U.S. 1199, 117 S.Ct. 1558, 137 L.Ed.2d 705

(1997).

In State v. Wilson, 742 So.2d at 959-960, this Court considered the failure to

observe the twenty-four-hour delay mandated by La. C.Cr.P. art. 873 in its error

patent review. While the defendant did not raise the trial judge’s failure to observe

the delay as error, he specifically challenged his sentence as excessive. Because the

trial court failed to rule on the defendant’s timely motions for new trial and for post-

verdict judgment of acquittal, this Court vacated the original sentences and

remanded for ruling on the motions and for resentencing. Id. Thereafter, the

defendant again appealed his sentences. This Court evaluated the substance of his

claim and concluded, under the unique circumstances of the State v. Wilson case,

the failure to waive the delay was harmless. This Court further stated that because

the case was remanded for the specific purpose of resentencing, the defendant did

not object at resentencing, and the trial judge already reconsidered the defendant’s

sentences at the hearing on the motion for reconsideration of sentence, remand

would be “a useless formality.” Id.

Although it may appear that the delay between ruling on the motion and

sentencing was not expressly waived, we find, like in State v. Wilson, that in these

circumstances, the failure to adhere to it was harmless and that no corrective action

19-KA-601 8

is necessary. At resentencing, the trial court denied defendant’s motion, to which

defense counsel asked the court to note the defense’s objection, which the court did.

The State asked the court to consider the prior victim impact statement, stated they

had no additional victim impact statements, and asked the court to resentence the

defendant. Defendant remained silent during the brief exchange between the State

and the court. Immediately thereafter, the court resentenced defendant.

Here, as in State v. Wilson, defendant challenges his sentences as excessive

and does not raise the failure to observe the delay as error. In addition, the instant

case was previously remanded for resentencing, and defendant did not object at

resentencing to the trial court’s immediate sentencing. Further, the trial judge

acknowledged defendant’s motion to reconsider sentence and denied it. Therefore,

we conclude that any error as to the delay was harmless.

Decree

For the reasons that follow, we affirm defendant’s conviction and sentence for

obstruction of justice and vacate defendant’s conviction and sentence for second

degree murder and remand the matter to the trial court for further proceedings.

AFFIRMED IN PART; VACATED IN PART; REMANDED

19-KA-601 9

SUSAN M. CHEHARDY CURTIS B. PURSELL

CHIEF JUDGE CLERK OF COURT

MARY E. LEGNON
FREDERICKA H. WICKER
CHIEF DEPUTY CLERK
JUDE G. GRAVOIS
MARC E. JOHNSON
ROBERT A. CHAISSON SUSAN BUCHHOLZ
STEPHEN J. WINDHORST
FIRST DEPUTY CLERK
HANS J. LILJEBERG
JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR. FIFTH CIRCUIT
MELISSA C. LEDET
JUDGES 101 DERBIGNY STREET (70053)
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NOTICE OF JUDGMENT AND CERTIFICATE OF DELIVERY
I CERTIFY THAT A COPY OF THE OPINION IN THE BELOW-NUMBERED MATTER HAS BEEN DELIVERED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH UNIFORM RULES - COURT OF APPEAL, RULE 2-16.4 AND 2-16.5 THIS DAY
SEPTEMBER 22, 2020 TO THE TRIAL JUDGE, CLERK OF COURT, COUNSEL OF RECORD AND ALL
PARTIES NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL, AS LISTED BELOW:

19-KA-601
E-NOTIFIED
24TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT (CLERK)
HONORABLE ELLEN SHIRER KOVACH (DISTRICT JUDGE)
ANNE M. WALLIS (APPELLEE) THOMAS J. BUTLER (APPELLEE) JANE L. BEEBE (APPELLANT)
GRANT L. WILLIS (APPELLEE)

MAILED
HONORABLE JEFFREY M. LANDRY HONORABLE PAUL D. CONNICK, JR.
(APPELLEE) (APPELLEE)
ATTORNEY GENERAL DISTRICT ATTORNEY
LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE KELLIE M. RISH (APPELLEE)
1885 NORTH 3RD STREET RICHARD L. OLIVIER (APPELLEE)
6TH FLOOR, LIVINGSTON BUILDING ASSISTANT DISTRICT ATTORNEYS
BATON ROUGE, LA 70802 TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
200 DERBIGNY STREET
GRETNA, LA 70053