Marvin Randall Dye Versus Llog Exploration Company, LLC

MARVIN RANDALL DYE NO. 20-C-441

VERSUS FIFTH CIRCUIT

LLOG EXPLORATION COMPANY, LLC COURT OF APPEAL

STATE OF LOUISIANA

ON APPLICATION FOR SUPERVISORY REVIEW FROM THE
TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF JEFFERSON, STATE OF LOUISIANA
NO. 784-467, DIVISION "G"
HONORABLE E. ADRIAN ADAMS, JUDGE PRESIDING

November 03, 2021

STEPHEN J. WINDHORST
JUDGE

Panel composed of Judges Fredericka Homberg Wicker,
Stephen J. Windhorst, and John J. Molaison, Jr.

AFFIRMED
SJW
FHW
JJM

COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/RESPONDENT,
MARVIN RANDALL DYE
M. Paul Skrabanek

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/RELATOR,
LLOG EXPLORATION COMPANY, LLC
Daniel B. Stanton
Amanda Lowe

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/RESPONDENT,
DANOS, LLC
Michael H. Bagot, Jr.
Beauregard G. Gelpi

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/RESPONDENT,
LINEAR CONTROLS, INC.
Thomas K. Morrison
Colin B. Cambre

WINDHORST, J.

In this personal injury action involving injury to an independent contractor’s

employee, defendant, LLOG Exploration Company, LLC (“LLOG”), seeks review

of the trial court’s judgment denying its motion for summary judgment. For the

reasons which follow, we find no error in the trial court’s ruling.

FACTUAL and PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Plaintiff, Marvin Randall Dye, alleges that he was injured while working

aboard LLOG’s WHO DAT oil and gas production platform off the coast of

Louisiana. Plaintiff’s injuries were allegedly sustained when a carbon dioxide fire

suppression system unexpectedly discharged inside of a building in which he was

working and forced him to evacuate the building. At the time of his accident,

plaintiff worked aboard the Platform as a mechanic employed by Wood Group PSN,

Inc. (“Wood Group”).

Defendant, LLOG, filed a motion for summary judgment, asserting that it is

entitled to summary judgment dismissing it from this lawsuit because as the property

owner, it cannot be held liable for the alleged acts or omissions of its independent

contractors that caused plaintiff’s injuries.

In support of its motion for summary judgment, LLOG attached:
1. five depositions
2. plaintiff’s original petition for damages, and
3. three master service contracts between LLOG and its independent
contractor, including plaintiff’s employer, the Wood Group.

Plaintiff attached to his memorandum in opposition:
1. three depositions
2. LLOG work permits
3. LLOG incident report
4. LLOG Master Service Agreement with Wood Group
5. fire-eye manual excerpts
6. LLOG visitor orientation checklist
7. LLOG safe work practices quiz, and
8. LLOG field operations and safe work practice guide.

In denying the motion for summary judgment, the trial court stated that it

found that several issues of material fact remain. Specifically, the trial court found

that genuine issues exist as to whether the defendant exercised control over the work,

the detail of the work performed by the plaintiff and other independent contractors,

and the extent, if any, that LLOG was responsible for the negligence relative to the

incident. The trial court also concluded that the Master Service Agreement which

existed between LLOG and Wood Group creates several genuine issues of material

fact, including the nature of the work and the control over the work as set forth in

Sections 2.1 and 3.1 of the contract.

LAW and ANALYSIS

Summary judgment shall be granted if the motion, memorandum, and

supporting documents show that there is no genuine issue as to material fact and that

the mover is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. La. C.C.P. art. 966 A(3). The

party bringing the motion bears the burden of proof; however, where the moving

party will not bear the burden of proof at trial, the moving party must only point out

that there is an absence of factual support for one or more elements essential to the

adverse party’s claim. La. C.C.P. art. 966 D(1). In determining whether an issue is

genuine, courts cannot consider the merits, make credibility determinations, evaluate

testimony or weigh evidence. B & P Rest. Grp., LLC v. Delta Admin. Servs., LLC,

18-442 (La. App. 5 Cir. 9/4/19), 279 So.3d 492, 501, writ denied sub nom. B&P

Rest. Grp., LLC v. Delta Admin. Servs., LLC, 19-1755 (La. 1/14/20), 291 So.3d 685.

Appellate review of trial court rulings on summary judgment is de novo, using

the same criteria governing the trial court’s consideration of whether summary

judgment is appropriate. Faciane v. Golden Key Div. Ltd. P’ship, 17-636 (La. App.

5 Cir. 5/23/18), 249 So.3d 230, 233.

2

La. C.C.P. art. 966 A(4) limits evidence which may be considered by the trial

court on consideration of a motion for summary judgment. Because review of trial

court rulings on summary judgment is de novo, the same limitations mandated by

La. C.C.P. art. 966 A(4) on evidence admissible at the hearing on the motion for

summary judgment apply on review by courts of appeal. La. C.C.P. art. 966 A(4)

provides the exclusive list of documents which may be considered by the trial or

reviewing courts:

A. (4) The only documents that may be filed in support of or in
opposition to the motion are pleadings, memoranda, affidavits,
depositions, answers to interrogatories, certified medical
records, written stipulations, and admissions.

Act 422 of the 2015 ordinary session of the legislature enacted La. C.C.P. art. 966

A(4), which was effective January 1, 2016. The Louisiana Law Institute’s revision

comment (c) states:

Subparagraph A(4), which is new, contains the exclusive list of
documents that may be filed in support of or in opposition to a
motion for summary judgment. This Subparagraph intentionally
does not allow the filing of documents that are not included in its
exclusive list, such as photographs, pictures, video images, or
contracts, unless they are properly authenticated by an
affidavit or deposition to which they are attached. [Emphasis
added.]

Although the comments do not constitute any part of La. C.C.P. art. 966 and are not

authoritative, they are persuasive. This comment has been cited by Dorsey v. Purvis

Contracting Grp., LLC, 17-369 (La. App. 5 Cir. 12/27/17), 236 So.3d 737, 741, writ

denied, 18-0199 (La. 3/23/18), 239 So.3d 296; and Raborn v. Albea, 16-1468 (La.

App. 1 Cir. 5/11/17), 221 So.3d 104, 111. Thus, the introduction of documents

which are not included in the exclusive list, such as photographs, pictures, video

images, or contracts, is not permitted unless they are properly authenticated by an

affidavit or the deposition to which they are attached.

3

Appellate courts, on de novo review, may only consider evidence admissible

under the express provisions of La. C.C.P. art. 966 D(2), which states that at the

hearing on a motion for summary judgment, as follows:

D. (2) The court may consider only those documents filed in
support of or in opposition to the motion for summary
judgment and shall consider any documents to which no
objection is made. Any objection to a document shall be
raised in a timely filed opposition or reply memorandum. The
court shall consider all objections prior to rendering
judgment. The court shall specifically state on the record or
in writing which documents, if any, it held to be inadmissible
or declined to consider. [Emphasis added.]

LLOG asserts that only the three depositions (#1 on the list of plaintiff’s

exhibits above) are admissible. Prior to the summary judgment hearing, LLOG

properly and timely raised a written objection to plaintiff’s remaining exhibits

(#2-8 of plaintiff’s list above) in compliance with La. C.C.P. art. 966 D(2). LLOG

contends that plaintiff’s remaining exhibits (#2–8 of plaintiff’s list above) may not

be considered as evidence because they are not admissible summary judgment

evidence under La. C.C.P. art. 966 A(4) and cannot be considered. Nor are the

exhibits in #2–8 in the list of plaintiff’s exhibits authenticated by an affidavit or a

deposition to which they are attached.

At the summary judgment hearing, plaintiff argued that these exhibits were

admissible because they were discussed in depositions that were attached to his

opposition and were authenticated in those depositions. In response, LLOG asserts

that the exhibits upon which plaintiff relies were not discussed in or attached to any

of the depositions cited by plaintiff.

We have consistently held that exhibits, filed as unsworn and unauthenticated

attachments to an opposition to a motion for summary judgment, are not permissible

supporting documents in opposition to the motion for summary judgment.

Thibodeaux v. Allstate Ins. Co., 19-458 (La. App. 5 Cir. 3/20/20), 293 So.3d 797,

4

803, writ denied sub nom. Thibodeaux v. Allstate Ins. Co., 20-515 (La. 6/22/20),

297 So.3d 762; Dorsey, supra; Raborn, supra. However, if those exhibits are

attached to and authenticated by a deposition offered in support or opposition to the

motion for summary judgment, they constitute evidence which may be considered

under La. C.C.P. art. 966 A(4) and D(2).

Although some witnesses were questioned regarding the exhibits during their

depositions, the present writ application does not show that the exhibits were

attached to those depositions. In addition, some deposition transcripts reflect that

there were exhibits to the deposition, but those exhibits are not included in the writ

application, even though the deposition transcripts are attached as exhibits to

LLOG’s motion for summary judgment.1

Considering the foregoing, we cannot find that the exhibits constitute

permissible supporting evidence in opposition to the motion for summary judgment

and we cannot properly consider those exhibits. One of the exhibits LLOG argues

is not admissible, the Master Service Agreement with Wood Group, is also attached

to its summary judgment motion. LLOG has this Agreement as well as two others

attached as exhibits to its motion for summary judgment. Because the Agreement is

not authenticated by an affidavit or deposition to which it is attached, it is not proper

summary judgment evidence. Thus, we cannot consider it. In the absence of certain

language in the Agreement pertaining to the issue of LLOG’s potential liability in

this matter, this court cannot resolve the issues in this case on summary judgment.

As stated above, we agree with relator’s contention that certain exhibits

attached to plaintiff’s opposition are inadmissible. Nevertheless, considering only

the exhibits properly admissible for summary judgment, upon our de novo review

1
For example, the deposition of plaintiff Marvin Randall Dye contains an exhibit index identifying quizzes,
permits to work, and an incident report as exhibits, but these are not attached to the deposition.

5

we find the remaining evidence is sufficient to create a factual dispute as to whether

LLOG has any liability for plaintiff’s injuries.

The testimony from depositions attached to the summary judgment pleadings

raises genuine issues of material fact regarding whether LLOG exercised control

over the work performed by its independent contractors and the circumstances which

caused the plaintiff’s accident. According to deposition testimony of Gene Lord and

Clayton Halford, the Contractor’s employees received the LLOG policies and

procedures manual, were asked to read through it and to sign off on it. Employees

took a quiz on the manual to ensure that they had read it. Employees also stated that

these policies and procedures were comprehensive and detailed.

DECREE

For the foregoing reasons, upon de novo review, we find no error in the trial

court’s denial of LLOG’s motion for summary judgment.

AFFIRMED

6

SUSAN M. CHEHARDY CURTIS B. PURSELL

CHIEF JUDGE CLERK OF COURT

NANCY F. VEGA
FREDERICKA H. WICKER
CHIEF DEPUTY CLERK
JUDE G. GRAVOIS
MARC E. JOHNSON
ROBERT A. CHAISSON SUSAN S. BUCHHOLZ
STEPHEN J. WINDHORST
FIRST DEPUTY CLERK
HANS J. LILJEBERG
JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR. FIFTH CIRCUIT
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NOTICE OF JUDGMENT AND CERTIFICATE OF DELIVERY
I CERTIFY THAT A COPY OF THE OPINION IN THE BELOW-NUMBERED MATTER HAS BEEN DELIVERED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH UNIFORM RULES - COURT OF APPEAL, RULE 2-16.4 AND 2-16.5 THIS DAY
NOVEMBER 3, 2021 TO THE TRIAL JUDGE, CLERK OF COURT, COUNSEL OF RECORD AND ALL PARTIES
NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL, AS LISTED BELOW:

20-C-441
E-NOTIFIED
24TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT (CLERK)
HONORABLE E. ADRIAN ADAMS (DISTRICT JUDGE)
DANIEL B. STANTON (RELATOR)

MAILED
COLIN B. CAMBRE (RESPONDENT) BEAUREGARD G. GELPI (RESPONDENT) M. PAUL SKRABANEK (RESPONDENT)
THOMAS K. MORRISON (RESPONDENT) MICHAEL H. BAGOT, JR. (RESPONDENT) ATTORNEY AT LAW
ATTORNEYS AT LAW ATTORNEYS AT LAW 3701 KIRBY DRIVE, SUITE 760
365 CANAL STREET 601 POYDRAS STREET HOUSTON, TX 77096
SUITE 2000 SUITE 1660
NEW ORLEANS, LA 70130 NEW ORLEANS, LA 70130

AMANDA LOWE (RELATOR)
ATTORNEY AT LAW
KEAN MILLER LLP
FIRST BANK AND TRUST TOWER
909 POYDRAS STREET
SUITE 3600
NEW ORLEANS, LA 70112