Justin Luke King v. Debusk Services Group, L.L.C.

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL
6
Y I[

J'b FIRST CIRCUIT

2017 CW 1577R
I'

JUSTIN LUKE KING

VERSUS
Cl
DEBUSK SERVICES GROUP, L.L.C., ET AL.

DATE OF JUDGMENT.- SEP 0 4 2019"
ON APPEAL FROM THE NINETEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
NUMBER 631733, SECTION 21, PARISH OF EAST BATON ROUGE
STATE OF LOUISIANA

HONORABLE JANICE G. CLARK, JUDGE

David L. Bateman Counsel for Plaintiff - Respondent
Baton Rouge, Louisiana Justin Luke King

Timothy P. Hurley Counsel for Defendant - Relator
Robert K. Denny Motiva Enterprises, L.L. C.
New Orleans, Louisiana

BEFORE: WHIPPLE, C.J., GUIDRY, MCDONALD, THERIOT, AND CHUTZ, JJ.

Disposition: WRIT GRANTED; REVERSED AND RENDERED.

e

Ci = C_

CHUTZ, J.

In this personal injury suit, defendant, Motiva Enterprises, L.L.C. ( Motiva),

seeks review through an application for supervisory writ of review of the district

court' s denial of Motiva' s motion for summary judgment, which sought dismissal

of plaintiff, Justin King' s, tort claims against Motiva. For the following reasons,

we grant the writ application, reverse the district court judgment, and grant

summary judgment in favor of Motiva.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

On May 1, 2012, Motiva and S& S Tool & Supply, Inc. d/ b/ a S& S Supplies

and Solutions ( S& S) entered into Purchase Contract DS 19852. Under the

Purchase Contract, S& S agreed to provide services related to turnaround activities

at the Motiva plant in St. Charles Parish. The Purchase Contract provided that,

solely for workers' compensation purposes, Motiva was the statutory employer of

S& S' s " employees, agents, or subcontractors." On June 28, 2012, S& S

subcontracted with Sprint Safety, Inc. ( Sprint) to perform a portion of the services

S& S was obligated to provide for Motiva under the Purchase Contract.

Plaintiff was an employee of Sprint and was assigned to work at the Motiva

plant. On October 13, 2013, plaintiff was injured while working inside the Motiva

plant when an explosion occurred within a vacuum truck owned and operated by

Debusk Services Group, LLC ( Debusk). Plaintiff claimed he was knocked to the

ground and " took the brunt of the sound wave emitted from the blast." As a result,

plaintiff allegedly suffered injuries to his wrist and permanent hearing loss.

On July 8, 2014, plaintiff filed a personal injury suit against Debusk and its

insurer. Plaintiff subsequently amended his petition to add tort claims against

Motiva, as the plant owner and operator.'

Plaintiff also named several other defendants in his amended petitions who are not parties to
this appeal.

2

Motiva filed a motion for summary judgment on the basis that it was

plaintiffs statutory employer. In support of this contention, Motiva relied on the

language in its Purchase Contract with S& S providing that Motiva was the

statutory employer of S& S' s employees, agents, or subcontractors. Since Sprint

was a subcontractor of S& S, Motiva argued that Sprint' s employees, including

plaintiff, were Motiva' s statutory employees under the language of the Purchase

Contract. Therefore, Motiva asserted it was entitled to immunity from tort liability

under La. R.S. 23: 1032( A).

Plaintiff opposed the motion for summary judgment but did not offer any

supporting evidence. He argued since there was no contractual relationship

between Motiva and Sprint, Motiva could be plaintiffs statutory employer only if

S& S also was plaintiffs statutory employer. Plaintiff asserted S& S was not his

statutory employer "[ s] ince the contract between [ S& S] and [ Sprint] was not in

tandem with another contract (" two contract theory") and did not have the

appropriate language recognizing [ S& S] to be the statutory employer of [Sprint' s]

employees." In further support of his position, plaintiff pointed to language in the

contract between S& S and Sprint stating that Sprint and any person performing on

its behalf " shall not be considered an employee" of S& S, which " shall not" be

required to pay workers' compensation on behalf of Sprint' s employees. Thus,

plaintiff maintained that because he could not be a statutory employee of S& S in

view of this contractual language, he likewise could not be a statutory employee of

Motiva.

The matter was set for hearing on August 28, 2017. Due to inclement

weather, the parties waived oral argument and submitted the matter on briefs. A

minute entry, dated October 4, 2017, states that the district court denied Motiva' s

motion for summary judgment, " being of the opinion that genuine issues of

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material fact exist with respect to tandem contracts." The district court signed a

judgment denying Motiva' s motion for summary judgment on November 15, 2017.

Motiva filed a supervisory writ application with this court seeking review of the

district court' s judgment.

Upon initial review of the matter, this court issued a briefing schedule to the

parties pursuant to La. C. C. P. art. 966( H).2 Subsequently, a five judge panel

issued a writ decision granting Motiva' s writ application, reversing the denial of

Motiva' s motion for summary judgment, and rendering summary judgment

dismissing plaintiff's tort claims against Motiva. See King v. Debusk Services

Group, L.L.C., 17- 1577 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 5/ 23/ 18) ( unpublished writ action).

The majority reasoned that Motiva was entitled to statutory employer status

because plaintiff failed to overcome the presumption conferred on Motiva by La.

R.S. 23: 1061( A)(3). 3 Two judges dissented on the grounds that genuine issues of

material fact existed, although the issues in question were not delineated. Plaintiff

sought review of this court' s writ decision by writ application to the Louisiana

Supreme Court, which granted the writ application and remanded this matter to this

court for briefing, argument and full opinion. See King v. Debusk Services Group,

L.L. C., 18- 1054 ( La. 10/ 29/ 18), 254 So. 3d 696. Accordingly, the parties were

given an additional opportunity to brief this matter and oral arguments were held

before this court.

2 This provision states that upon review of the denial of a motion for summary judgment:

A] n appellate court shall not reverse a trial court' s denial of a motion for
summary judgment and grant a summary judgment dismissing a case or a party
without assigning the case for briefing and permitting the parties an opportunity to
request oral argument.

3 This provision provides, in pertinent part, as follows:

When the contract recognizes a statutory employer relationship, there shall be a
rebuttable presumption of a statutory employer relationship between the principal
and the contractor' s employees, whether direct or statutory employees. This
presumption may be overcome only by showing that the work is not an integral
part of or essential to the ability of the principal to generate that individual
principal' s goods, products, or services.

4

APPLICABLE LAW

Summary Judgment:

A motion for summary judgment is a procedural device used when there is

no genuine issue of material fact for all or part of the relief prayed for by a litigant.

A summary judgment is reviewed on appeal de novo, with the appellate court using

the same criteria that govern the district court' s determination of whether summary

judgment is appropriate; i.e., whether there is any genuine issue of material fact,

and whether the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. La. C. C. P. art.

966( A)(3); Schultz v. Guoth, 10- 0343 ( La. 1/ 19/ 11), 57 So. 3d 1002, 1005- 06.

Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 966( D)( 1) places the initial burden

of producing evidence at the hearing on the motion for summary judgment on the

mover, who can ordinarily meet that burden by submitting affidavits or by pointing

out the lack of factual support for an essential element in the opponent' s case.

Once the motion for summary judgment has been properly supported by the

moving party, the failure of the non-moving party to produce evidence of a

material factual dispute mandates the granting of the motion. Schultz, 57 So. 3d at

1006. Because it is the applicable substantive law that determines materiality,

whether a particular fact in dispute is material can only be seen in light of the

substantive law applicable to the case. Pumphrey v. Harris, 12- 0405 ( La. App. 1 st

Cir. 11/ 2/ 12), 111 So. 3d 86, 89.

Statutory Employer:

Under the Louisiana Workers' Compensation Act ( the Act), La. R.S.

23: 1021, et seq., an employee injured in an accident while in the course and scope

of his employment is generally limited to the recovery of workers' compensation

benefits as his exclusive remedy against his employer and, thus, may not sue his

employer in tort. The Act applies both to a direct employer/employee relationship

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as well as to a statutory employer/ employee relationship. Mitchell v. Southern

Scrap Recycling, L.L.C., 11- 2201 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 6/ 8/ 12), 93 So. 3d 754, 757,

writ denied, 12- 1502 ( La. 10/ 12/ 12), 99 So. 3d 47; Labranche v. Fatty' s, LLC, 10-

0475 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 10/ 29/ 10), 48 So. 3d 1270, 1272.

An employer seeking to avail itself of tort immunity bears the burden of

proving its entitlement to immunity. Furthermore, immunity statutes must be

strictly construed against the party claiming the immunity. Mitchell, 93 So. 3d at

Il j

Statutory employer immunity is governed by La. R. S. 23: 1061( A), which

provides that when a principal4 undertakes to execute any work that is a part of his

trade, business, or occupations and contracts with a contractor for the execution of

the whole or any part of the work undertaken by the principal, the principal, as a

statutory employer, is entitled to " the exclusive remedy protections of R. S.

23: 1032." Accordingly, a " statutory employer" within the meaning of the Act is

entitled to statutory immunity from tort liability. La. R.S. 23: 1061( A)( 1);

Mitchell, 93 So. 3d at 757. Louisiana Revised Statutes 23: 1061 provides two bases

for finding statutory employment. Allen v. State ex rel. Ernest N. Morial-New

Orleans Exhibition Hall Authority, 02- 1072 ( La. 4/ 9/ 03), 842 So. 2d 373, 378.

The first instance is when the principal is in the middle of two contracts,

referred to as the two -contract theory. A statutory employment relationship exists

under the two -contract theory when: ( 1) the principal enters into a contract with a

4 Louisiana Revised Statutes 23: 1032( A)(2) defines a " principal' as:

A] ny person who undertakes to execute any work which is a part of his trade,
business, or occupation in which he was engaged at the time of the injury, or
which he had contracted to perform and contracts with any person for the
execution thereof.

s Under La. R.S. 23: 1061( A)( 1), " work shall be considered part of the principal' s trade, business,
or occupation if it is an integral part of or essential to the ability of the principal to generate that
individual principal' s goods, products, or services."

0

third party; ( 2) pursuant to that contract, work must be performed; and ( 3) in order

for the principal to fulfill its contractual obligation to perform the work, the

principal enters into a subcontract for all or part of the work to be performed. La.

R.S. 23: 1061( A)(2); Allen, 842 So.2d at 379.

The second basis for finding a statutory employer-employee relationship

occurs when: ( 1) a principal undertakes work that is part of his trade, business, or

occupation by means of a written contract with a contractor that is the employee' s

immediate or statutory employer; and ( 2) the contract between the principal and

contractor recognizes the principal as a statutory employer. See La. R. S.

23: 1061( A)( 1) & ( 3); Allen, 842 So. 2d at 378.

When there is recognition of the relationship in a written contract, a

rebuttable presumption arises that the principal is the statutory employer of the

contractor' s employees. The presumption may be overcome only by showing that

the work performed is not an integral part of or essential to the ability of the

principal to generate its goods, products, or services. La. R.S. 23: 1061( A)( 3);

Labranche, 48 So. 3d at 1272- 73. The worker bears the burden of rebutting the

presumption. See Fleming v. JE Merit Constructors, Inc., 07- 0926 ( La. App. 1 st

Cir. 3/ 19/ 08), 985 So.2d 141, 147- 48; Everett a Rubicon, Inc., 04- 1988 ( La. App.

1 st Cir. 6/ 14/ 06), 938 So. 2d 1032, 1043, writ denied, 06- 1785 ( La. 10/ 13/ 06), 939

So. 2d 369.

The ultimate determination of whether a principal is a statutory employer

entitled to tort immunity is a question of law for the court to decide. Mitchell, 93

So. 3d at 758.

6 The principal' s " trade, business, or occupation" is defined by La. R.S. 1061( A)( 1) as work that
is an integral part of or essential to the ability of the principal to generate that individual
principal' s goods, products, or services.

7

DISCUSSION

Motiva contends the district court erred in denying its motion for summary

judgment by: ( 1) finding genuine issues of material fact existed regarding the

tandem contracts;" and ( 2) failing to apply the clear language of the Purchase

Contract providing that Motiva was the statutory employer of S& S' s

subcontractors for workers' compensation purposes.

Initially, we note it is unclear what contracts the district court was referring

to when, as reflected in the October 4, 2017 minute entry, it concluded there were

genuine issues of material fact regarding " tandem contracts." The district court did

not identify the " tandem contracts" or the purported material issues of fact.

Additionally, in opposing Motiva' s motion for summary judgment, plaintiff never

asserted, in the district court or this court, that any issues of material fact existed in

this matter. Most importantly, our de novo review has revealed no existing issues

of material fact' either with respect to the Purchase Contract between Motiva and

S& S or the subcontract between S& S and Sprint. Thus, in the absence of any

genuine issues of material fact, the crucial issue before this court is whether

Motiva is entitled to judgment as a matter of law on the grounds that it was

plaintiff' s statutory employer.

Applying the precepts of La. R.S. 23: 1061 to the facts of this case, we

conclude Motiva is entitled to summary judgment in its favor as a matter of law.

The Purchase Contract between Motiva and S& S, provides that Motiva shall be

considered the statutory employer of S& S' s " employees, agents, or subcontractors"

for workers' compensation purposes. Because the term " employees" is used

broadly and without limitation in the statutory employer provision of the Purchase

Contract, the only reasonable interpretation of the provision is that it applies both

For summary judgment purposes, a " material fact" is one whose existence or non-existence
may be essential to a cause of action under the applicable theory of recovery. Hogg v. Chevron
USA, Inc., 09- 2632 ( La. 7/ 6/ 10), 45 So. 3d 991, 997.
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to S& S' s immediate and statutory employees. Thus, if S& S is found to be

plaintiff' s statutory employer, Motiva also must be considered to be plaintiff' s

statutory employer under the language of the Purchase Contract. Moreover, a

statutory employer relationship with plaintiff would entitle Motiva to tort

immunity. La. R.S. 23: 1032( A); La. R. S. 23: 1061( A).

Louisiana Revised Statutes 23: 1061( A)(2) provides as follows:

A statutory employer relationship shall exist whenever the services or
work provided by the immediate employer is contemplated by or
included in a contract between the principal and any person or entity
other than the employee' s immediate employer.

An examination of the evidence presented by Motiva, which was unrefuted by

plaintiff, reveals all the requirements were met for finding S& S to be the statutory

employer of plaintiff under the two -contract theory.' Specifically, ( 1) S& S ( the

principal) entered into a contract ( Purchase Contract) with an entity ( Motiva) other

than plaintiff' s immediate employer ( Sprint); ( 2) pursuant to that contract, S& S

was required to perform services for Motiva; and ( 3) in order to perform those

services, S& S entered into a contract with Sprint, to provide certain services at the

Motiva plant. See La. R. S. 23: 1061( A)(2); Allen, 842 So. 2d at 379; Berard, 169

So. 3d at 843. Therefore, S& S was plaintiffs statutory employer under La. R.S.

23: 1061 ( A)(2).

a We reject plaintiff' s argument that S& S cannot be his statutory employer because of the
language in the contract between S& S and Sprint (plaintiffs immediate employer) providing that
any Sprint employee " shall not be considered an employee of [S& S]." A contract providing that
a subcontractor is an independent contractor and its employees shall not be employees of the
contractor does not alter a statutory employer relationship created by statute between a contractor
and a subcontractor' s employees. See Berard v. The Lemoine Co., LLC, 15- 152 ( La. App. 3d

Cir. 7/ 8/ 15), 169 So. 3d 839, 844, writ denied, 15- 1516 ( La. 10/ 23/ 15), 179 So. 3d 606; Salmon v.
Exxon Corporation, 824 F. Supp. 81, 86- 87 ( W.D. La. 1993). Regardless of any contractual
language, an entity cannot relieve itself of its statutory obligation to provide workers'
compensation coverage. The compensation remedy is exclusive and, except for limited
circumstances not applicable here, cannot be waived by contract. See La. R.S. 23: 1033, 1035,
1035. 2, 1037 & 10454048; Locker v. Wilson, 536 So. 2d 441, 443 ( La. App. 2d Cir. 1988), writ
denied, 537 So. 2d 210 ( La. 1989); Salmon, 824 F. Supp. at 86- 87.

I

Because S& S was plaintiff' s statutory employer, the language in the

Purchase Contract recognizing the statutory employer relationship between Motiva

and S& S' s employees ( including statutory employees) created a rebuttable

presumption that Motiva was also plaintiff's statutory employer. See La. R.S.

23: 1061( A)(3). The only way to overcome the presumption was to show that the

work performed was " not an integral part of or essential to the ability of the

principal to generate that individual principal' s goods, products, or services." La.

R. S. 23: 1061( A)(3). Plaintiff bore the burden of rebutting the presumption created

by the Purchase Contract that Motiva was his statutory employer. See Fleming,

985 So. 2d at 147- 48; Everett, 938 So. 2d at 1042.

In support of its motion for summary judgment, Motiva offered the affidavit

of Kevin Petit, who was the contract and procurement manager at the Motiva plant

where plaintiff was injured. In his affidavit, Mr. Petit indicated plaintiff was

working at the Motiva plant at the time of his injury performing services pursuant

to purchase orders issued to S& S and Sprint ( plaintiffs immediate employer) in

accordance with the Purchase Contract between Motiva and S& S. Mr. Petit further

indicated the services were being performed during turnaround operations. Work

related to turnarounds has previously been recognized as being a normal part of a

plant' s operations that are essential to the plant' s continued safe and efficient

operations. See Boudreaux v. Freeport Chemical Company, 576 So.2d 615, 621

La. App. 4th Cir. 1991); Jones v. Motiva Enterprises, LLC., ( E.D. La. 2002)

unpublished), 2002WL1919818 at * 2; Salmon, 824 F. Supp. at 86.

Plaintiff failed to produce any evidence to rebut the presumption that Motiva

was his statutory employer by establishing he will be able to prove at trial that the

work he was performing was not integral or essential to Motiva' s plant operations.

Because plaintiff failed to rebut the statutory employer presumption, Motiva was

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entitled as a matter of law to judgment dismissing plaintiff' s tort claims pursuant to

the tort immunity provided by La. R.S. 23: 1032( A) and La. R.S. 23: 1061( A). See

Fleming, 985 So.2d at 148. The district court erred in denying Motiva' s motion

for summary judgment.

CONCLUSION

For the above reasons, the writ application of defendant, Motiva Enterprises,

L.L.C. is granted, the November 15, 2017 judgment of the district court denying

defendant' s motion for summary judgment is hereby reversed, and summary

judgment is granted in favor of Motiva Enterprises, L.L.C. dismissing, with

prejudice, the tort claims of plaintiff, Justin King, against Motiva Enterprises,

L.L.C. Plaintiff is to pay all costs of this appeal.

WRIT GRANTED; REVERSED AND RENDERED.

11

JUSTIN LUKE KING STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL
VERSUS
FIRST CIRCUIT

DEBUSK SERVICES GROUP,
L.L.C., ET AL NUMBER 2017 CA 1577R

WHIPPLE, C.J. concurring.

T VJ Although questions of statutory employer status generally involve factual

determinations, plaintiffherein relied essentially upon the contract language. Absent

any other supporting evidence, I agree with the majority' s ultimate conclusion that

Motiva is entitled to summary judgment in its favor herein, as a matter of law,

dismissing plaintiff' s tort claim against it.

STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT

2017 CA 1577R

JUSTIN LUKE KING

VERSUS

DEBUSK SERVICES GROUP, L.L.C., ET AL.

T THERIOT, J., dissents and assigns reasons.

Immunity statutes must be strictly construed against the party claiming

immunity. Mitchell v Southern Scrap Recycling, L.L.C., 11- 2201 ( La. App. 1 Cir.

6/ 8/ 12), 93 So. 3d 754, 758, writ denied, 12- 1502 ( La. 10/ 12/ 12), 99 So. 3d 47.

Considering the relationship of the parties and the language of the contract

executed by Motiva and S& S and the contract executed by S& S and Sprint, I do not

find that Motiva satisfied La. R.S. 23: 1061( 2) or La. R. S. 23: 1061( 3). Therefore, a

rebuttable presumption of a statutory employer relationship was never established.