State Of Louisiana v. Jonathan David Talley a/k/a Jonathon D. Talley

STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT

2018 KA 130OR

STATE OF LOUISIANA

VERSUS

JONATHAN DAVID TALLEY
l
Judgment Rendered: SEP 1 4 2020

On Appeal from the Twenty -Second Judicial District Court
In and for the Parish of St. Tammany
State of Louisiana

Docket No. 579741

Honorable Scott Gardner, Judge Presiding

Warren LeDoux Montgomery Counsel for Appellee
District Attorney State of Louisiana
Matthew Caplan
Assistant District Attorney
Covington, Louisiana

Michelle Ward Ghetti
Louisiana Department of Justice
Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Sherry Watters Counsel for Defendant/ Appellant
Louisiana Appellate Project Jonathan David Talley
New Orleans, Louisiana

BEFORE: WHIPPLE, C.J., McCLENDON, AND HIGGINBOTHAM, 37.

MCCLENOON, 3.

The defendant, Jonathan David Talley, was charged by grand jury indictment

with second degree murder in violation of LSA- R. S. 14: 30. 1 ( count one), second degree

kidnapping in violation of LSA- R. S. 14: 44. 1 ( count two), and possession of a firearm by

a convicted felon in violation of LSA- R. S. 14: 95. 1 ( count three). The defendant pled not

guilty on each count. After a trial by jury, the defendant was found guilty as charged

on all counts. The trial court denied the defendant's motion for post -verdict judgment

of acquittal and motion for new trial. The defendant was sentenced to life

imprisonment at hard labor without the benefit of probation, parole, or suspension of

sentence on count one; to forty years imprisonment at hard labor without the benefit of

probation, parole, or suspension of sentence on count two; and to twenty years

imprisonment at hard labor without the benefit of probation, parole, or suspension of

sentence and a$ 1, 000. 00 fine on count three. The trial court ordered that the

sentences be served consecutively.

The defendant appealed to this court, assigning error to the sufficiency of the

evidence on counts one and two and the constitutionality of the sentences on counts

two and three. Additionally, he argued in a supplemental brief that the non -unanimous

verdicts on counts one and two do not support the convictions or satisfy due process.
This court affirmed the convictions and sentences. State v, Talley, 2018- 1300

L.a. App. 1 Cir. 5/ 9/ 19), 277 So. 3d 397. Subsequently, the Louisiana Supreme Court

granted the defendant's petition for a writ of certiorari and remanded the case to this

court " for further proceedings and to conduct a new error patent review in light of

Ramos v. Louisiana, 590 U. S. _, 140 S. Ct. 1390, 206 L. Ed. 2d 583 ( 2020)." State

v. Talley, 2019- 00819 ( La. 6/ 3/ 20), 296 So. 3d 1019. 1 After remand, the defendant

filed a brief supplementing his argument, raised in his original appeal, that the non -

unanimous jury verdicts do not support conviction. For the following reasons, we set

aside the convictions and sentences on counts one and two.

I The Louisiana Supreme Court further stated, " If the non -unanimous jury claim was not preserved for
review in the trial court or was abandoned during any stage of the proceedings, the court of appeal
should nonetheless consider the issue as part of its error patent review." 5ce LSA- C. Cr.P. art. 920( 2).
Talley, 296 So. 3d 1019.

2

NON -UNANIMOUS JURY VERDICTS ON COUNTS ONE AND TWO2

On remand, this court has reviewed the record pursuant to LSA- C. Cr. P. art.

920( 2). Pursuant to LSA- C. Cr. P. art. 920( 2), this court shall consider " jajn error that is

discoverable by a mere inspection of the pleadings and proceedings and without

inspection of the evidence." The jury's verdict is part of the pleadings and proceedings

that this court must review for errors. State v. Keys, 328 So. 2d 154, 157 ( La. 1976);

State v. Anderson, 2017- 0927 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 4/ 6/ 18), 248 So. 3d 415, 419, writ

denied, 2018- 0738 ( La. 3/ 6/ 19), 266 So. 3d 901. Moreover, as noted above, in his

original appeal the defendant assigned error to the non -unanimous jury verdicts on

counts one and tw0.3 Accordingly, we will address the defendant's convictions by non -
unanimous jury verdicts as follows.

In the recent decision of Ramos, 140 S. Ct. at 1397, the United States Supreme

Court abrogated Apodaca v. Oregon,4 406 U. S. 404, 92 S. Ct. 1628, 32 L. Fd. 2d 184

1972), and held that the right to a jury trial under the Sixth Amendment of the United

States Constitution, incorporated against the States by way of the Fourteenth

Amendment of the United States Constitution, requires a unanimous verdict to convict a

defendant of a serious offense. Thus, the Ramos Court declared non -unanimous jury
verdicts unconstitutional.
The Ramos Court further noted that its ruling applied to

those defendants convicted of felonies by nonunanimous verdicts whose cases are still

pending on direct appeal. Ramos, 140 S. Ct. at 1406.

z For a recitation of the facts of this case, please see this court's previous opinion on original appellate
review. Talley, 277 So. 3d at 401.

3 We note the defendant, in his supplemental brief filed post -remand, in part states that he does not
concede that the " jury verdict issue" was not preserved below for appeal, citing his post -trial motions for
post -verdict judgment of acquittal and a new trial. A constitutional challenge must " particularize the
grounds outlining the basis of the unconstitutionality." State v. Hatton, 2007- 2377 ( La. 7/ 1/ 08), 985
So. 2d 709, 720. Though he now argues otherwise, the defendant's post -trial motions only challenge the
sufficiency of the evidence as a basis of unconstitutionality and do not raise the non -unanimity of the
verdicts or challenge the constitutionality of La. Const. art. I, § 17( A) and LSA- C. Cr.P. art. 782(A). The
record supports this court's prior finding that the defendant's constitutional challenge was not raised in
the trial court and, thus, was not properly before this court at the time of his original appeal.
Nonetheless, one well- recognized exception to that rule, now applicable on remand, is when the statute
has been declared unconstitutional in another case. Unwired Telecom Corp. v. Parish of Calcasieu,
2003- 0732 ( La. 1/ 19/ 05), 903 So.2d 392, 399 n. 5 ( on rehearing); Spooner v. E. Baton Rouge Par.
Sheriff Dept, 2001- 2663 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 11/ 8/ 02), 835 So. 2d 709, 711; and State v. Smith, 2009- 100
La. App. 5 Cir. 8/ 25/ 09), 20 So. 3d 501, 505- 506, writ denied. 2009- 2102 ( La. 4/ 5/ 10), 31 So. 3d 357.

4 Oregon' s non -unanimous jury verdict provision of its state constitution was challenged in Apodaca.
7ohnson v. Louisiana, 406 U. S. 356, 92 S. Ct. 1620, 32 L. Ed. 2d 152 ( 1972), decided with Apodaca,
upheld Louisiana' s then -existing constitutional and statutory provisions allowing nine -to -three jury
verdicts in criminal cases.

3

Herein, the written pollings of the jury shows that the verdict of guilty as charged

on count three, possession of a firearm by a convicted felon, was unanimous.

However, on counts one and two, second degree murder and second degree

kidnapping, eleven of the twelve jurors found the defendant guilty as charged.

Accordingly, the convictions and sentences on counts one and two must be vacated,

and this case is remanded to the district court for proceedings consistent with this

opinion.

CONVICTION AND SENTENCE VACATED AS TO COUNTS 1 AND 2;
REMANDED.

5 We note that written polling slips recording the verdict of the jurors, are properly reviewable under LSA-
C. Cr. P. art. 920( 2). In State v. Kelly, 2015- 0484 ( La. 6/ 29/ 16), 195 So. 3d 449, 456 ( quoting State v.
Wrestle, Inc., 360 So. 2d 831, 837 ( La. 1978), rev' d in part on other grounds, Burch v. State of
Louisiana, 441 U. S. 130, 99 S. Ct, 1623, 60 L. Ed. 2d 96 ( 1979)), the supreme court set forth what can be
reviewed on error patent review, explaining that ' only [... ] the pleadings and proceedings alone
considered part of the record for purposes of patent -error appellate review in general, the indictment or
information, the minutes, and the verdict and sentence." ( Emphasis added.) See also State v.
Bradford, 298 So. 2d 781, 785 ( La. 1974) ( wherein, citing LSA- C. Cr.P. art. 920( 2), the court stated,
o] ur review of the record establishes that the jury was polled concerning the verdicts, thus the basis of
defendants' contention is discoverable by a mere inspection of the pleadings and proceedings and is
properly subject to review.").

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