Atocha St. Charles, LLC v. Terpsichore Properties, LLC and/or Current Occupants

ATOCHA ST. CHARLES, LLC * NO. 2019-CA-0776

VERSUS *
COURT OF APPEAL
TERPSICHORE PROPERTIES, *
LLC AND/OR CURRENT FOURTH CIRCUIT
OCCUPANTS *
STATE OF LOUISIANA
*******

APPEAL FROM
CIVIL DISTRICT COURT, ORLEANS PARISH
NO. 2019-02417, DIVISION “I-14”
Honorable Piper D. Griffin, Judge
******
Judge Tiffany G. Chase
******
(Court composed of Judge Edwin A. Lombard, Judge Daniel L. Dysart, Judge
Tiffany G. Chase)

Marcus L. Giusti
Steven M. Hannan
HANNAN, GIUSTI & HANNAN, L.L.P.
2201 Ridgelake Drive, Suite 200
Metairie, LA 70001

Thomas M. Flanagan
Camille E. Gauthier
FLANAGAN PARTNERS LLP
201 St. Charles Avenue, Suite 2405
New Orleans, LA 70170

COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE

Albert A. Thibodeaux
DAVILLIER LAW GROUP, LLC
935 Gravier Street, Suite 1702
New Orleans, LA 70112

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT

MOTION TO DISMISS APPEAL GRANTED,
SUSPENSIVE APPEAL DISMISSED,
AND APPEAL MAINTAINED AS DEVOLUTIVE;
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED
APRIL 08, 2020

TGC
Terpsichore Properties, LLC (hereinafter “Terpsichore”), appeals from the
EAL
DLD trial court’s judgment denying its exception of unauthorized use of summary

proceeding and granting the petition for eviction filed by plaintiff, Atocha St.

Charles, LLC (hereinafter “Atocha”). After consideration of the record before this

Court and the applicable law, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On August 6, 2018, Atocha purchased property located at 1600 St. Charles

Avenue in New Orleans (hereinafter “the property”) from M.A. Gonzalez

Properties, LLC for $1,809,500.00 This sale was executed by authentic act and

filed in the conveyance records (hereinafter the “Act of Sale”). On the same day,

Atocha and Terpsichore executed a bond for deed contract (hereinafter the “Bond

for Deed”) wherein Terpsichore was required to make twenty-four payments of

$19,095.00 each month commencing on October 1, 2018. The principal balance

and remaining interest would be made in a final “balloon payment” that would be

due on September 1, 2020. The impetus of these transactions was a July 9, 2018

loan agreement (hereinafter the “Term Sheet”) between Mario Gonzalez

(hereinafter “Mr. Gonzalez”) and Loan Partners, LLC, wherein Mr. Gonzalez, as

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the principal of both M.A. Gonzalez Properties, LLC and Terpsichore, agreed to

secure the loan by entering into the Act of Sale and Bond for Deed. Mr. Gonzalez

signed the aforementioned agreements on behalf of his juridical entities. Craig

Lehnhardt (hereinafter “Mr. Lehnhardt”) signed on behalf of Atocha and Loan

Partners, LLC.

The first and second payments on the Bond for Deed, for the months of

October and November 2018, were paid late, and only after Atocha sent a notice of

default. Terpsichore made no additional payments thereafter. On December 13,

2018, Atocha mailed another default notice by registered mail (hereinafter the

“Notice of Default”). More than forty-five days passed from the mailing of the

Notice of Default and still Terpsichore did not make the required payments due

under the Bond for Deed.

On January 28, 2019, Atocha and Terpsichore executed a mutual

cancellation of the Bond for Deed by authentic act (hereinafter the “Mutual

Cancellation”). The Mutual Cancellation provided Terpsichore a three-day

window in which to cure its default. In the event it failed to vacate, Terpsichore

would be required to vacate the property by February 14, 2019 unless the parties

agreed to a lease or other possessory agreement. Terpsichore made no payments to

cure the default, and the parties did not reach another agreement as to occupancy.

Accordingly, Atocha filed the Mutual Cancellation into the conveyance records.

Terpsichore did not vacate the property.

Atocha filed a petition for eviction on March 4, 2019. Terpsichore filed an

answer, several exceptions, and a reconventional demand asserting, among other

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things, that it had an interest in title in the property.1 The trial court heard oral

argument on April 26, 2019. After taking the matter under advisement, the trial

court issued a written judgment and reasons for judgment on May 31, 2019

wherein it denied Terpsichore’s exception of unauthorized use of summary

proceeding and granted Atocha’s petition for eviction.

Terpsichore filed a motion for a suspensive appeal which was granted by the

trial court. The appeal bond was set at $20,000.2 In this Court, Atocha filed a

motion to dismiss Terpsichore’s suspensive appeal for irregularities alleging that,

pursuant to La. C.C.P. art. 4735; Terpsichore failed to answer Atocha’s petition for

eviction under oath, Terpsichore failed to apply for its suspensive appeal within

twenty-four hours after the rendition of the trial court’s judgment; and that the

amount of the bond required by the trial court was inadequate to protect Atocha’s

interests.

MOTION TO DISMISS

Before addressing the merits of the appeal, we first address Atocha’s motion

to dismiss. Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 4735 states:

An appeal does not suspend execution of a judgment of eviction
unless the defendant has answered the rule under oath, pleading an
affirmative defense entitling him to retain possession of the premises,
and the appeal has been applied for and the appeal bond filed within
twenty-four hours after the rendition of the judgment of eviction. The
amount of the suspensive appeal bond shall be determined by the
court in an amount sufficient to protect the appellee against all such
damage as he may sustain as a result of the appeal.

1
The trial court granted an exception of no cause of action filed by Terpsichore. Atocha
subsequently filed an amended petition on March 25, 2019. Terpsichore filed an amended
answer, exceptions, and reconventional demand on April 23, 2019.
2
Atocha objected to this amount, however, the trial court denied Atocha’s request to increase the
appeal bond.

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The $20,000 appeal bond covered only one monthly payment due by Terpsichore

under the terms of the Bond for Deed, thus we find the appeal bond was

insufficient to protect Atocha against all such damages it may sustain as a result of

the appeal.3 See Lakewind East Apartments v. Poree’, 629 So.2d 422, 423-24

(La.App. 4 Cir. 1993) (requiring an appellant to post monthly rental amounts as

they become due is a reasonable solution that protects the interests of both parties).

We therefore grant the motion to dismiss the suspensive appeal. However,

pursuant to La. C.C.P. art. 2087, the appeal is maintained as devolutive.4 See 1205

St. Charles Condominium Assoc. Inc. v. Abel, 2018-0566, p. 15 (La.App. 4 Cir.

12/19/18), 262 So.3d 919, 928 (citing Freemin v. Coglaiti, 411 So.2d 471, 472

(La.App. 1 Cir. 1981)).

STANDARD OF REVIEW

The exception of unauthorized use of summary proceeding is only designed

to test whether an action should proceed in a summary manner rather than by

ordinary proceeding. Hatcher v. Rouse, 2016-0666, p. 4 (La.App. 4 Cir. 2/1/17),

211 So.3d 431, 433. In an eviction proceeding, an appellate court reviews the

3
Atocha argues that Terpsichore did not file its appeal within the time required under La. C.C.P.
art. 4735, however, as the trial court took the matter under advisement, strict compliance with the
statute by Terpsichore would be implausible. See Versailles Arms Apartments v. Granderson,
377 So.2d 1359, 1361-62 (La.App. 4 Cir. 1979). Similarly, although Mr. Gonzalez, acting as
principal for Terpsichore, did not sign the verification on the amended answer, he did sign the
verification on the original answer which contained the defenses that are the subject of this
appeal. We pretermit determination of whether this distinction is relevant.
4
While we recognize that the appeal order was granted prematurely because the trial court had
not ruled on a simultaneously filed motion for new trial; the trial court’s subsequent denial of the
motion for new trial cured the jurisdictional defect of prematurity. See State v. Magee, 2018-
0355, pp. 6-7 (La.App. 4 Cir. 9/4/19), 282 So.3d 271, 276. “[O]nce a previously existing defect
has been cured, there is no useful purpose in dismissing an otherwise valid appeal.” Id., p. 7
(citing Overmier v. Traylor, 475 So. 2d 1094, 1094-95 (La. 1985)).

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factual findings of the trial court under the manifest error standard of review;

however, the proper interpretation of a contract is a question of law subject to de

novo review. Keyes v. Brown, 2014-0821, p. 6 (La.App. 4 Cir. 1/28/15), 158 So.3d

927, 931. A trial court’s judgment of eviction should not be disturbed unless it is

clearly wrong or manifestly erroneous. Nola East, LLC v. Sims, 2018-0623, p. 4

(La.App. 4 Cir. 2/13/19), 265 So.3d 1147, 1150.

DISCUSSION

Terpsichore avers that the trial court erred in denying its exception of

unauthorized use of summary proceeding and granting Atocha’s petition for

eviction. As the petitioner in this summary eviction proceeding, Atocha is required

to make a prima facie showing of title to the property; prove that Terpsichore is an

occupant as defined in La. C.C.P. art. 4704;5 and show that the purpose of the

occupancy has ceased. See Durden v. Durden, 2014-1154, p. 23 (La.App. 4 Cir.

4/29/15), 165 So.3d 1131, 1147 (citation omitted). We examine these

requirements in the context of a bond for deed contract.

A bond for deed is “a contract to sell real property, in which the purchase

price is to be paid by the buyer to the seller in installments and in which the seller

after payment of a stipulated sum agrees to deliver title to the buyer.” 6 La. R.S.

5
The definition of an occupant includes “any person occupying immovable property by
permission or accommodation of the owner.” La. C.C.P. art. 4704.
6
Although additional protections have been afforded to bond for deed contracts versus other
contracts to sell, these protections do not rise to the level of an interest in title. See 24 LA. CIV.
L. TREATISE, SALES § 4:24. In Levine v. First Nat. Bank of Commerce, 2006-0394, p. 9 (La.
12/15/06), 948 So.2d 1051, 1058-59, while our Supreme Court noted a bond for deed conveyed
“rights in the subject property,” these rights were based on the right to demand specific
performance of a contract to sell under La. C.C. art. 2623.

5

9:2941. The Bond for Deed clearly states it is not a sale “but only a written

contract to sell immovable property.” It further provides that “[Atocha], after

receiving payment of a stipulated sum, agrees to deliver title to [Terpsichore]

provided all terms, conditions, payments and obligations set forth herein are fully,

completely, and timely satisfied by [Terpsichore].” Under the foregoing

contractual and statutory language, title to the property does not transfer until all

installment payments are satisfied. See Bennett v. Hughes, 2003-1727, p. 6

(La.App. 4 Cir. 5/26/04), 876 So.2d 862, 866. When Terpsichore defaulted due to

its failure to make timely payments, Atocha had the contractual and statutory right

to have the Bond for Deed cancelled given proper statutory notice.7 See Regua v.

Saucier, 2013-0832, pp. 3-4 (La.App. 4 Cir. 11/20/13), 129 So.3d 798, 800 (citing

La. R.S. 9:2945). An eviction proceeding is the appropriate procedural vehicle

whereby the seller regains possession in the event of the purchaser’s default on a

bond for deed contract. Branch v. Young, 2013-0686, pp. 12-13 (La.App. 5 Cir.

2/26/14), 136 So.3d 343, 352; see also Keyes, 2014-0821, p. 13, 158 So.3d at 935

(“[r]egardless of how the transaction is characterized, [the owner] had a right to

7
La. R.S. 9:2945(A) provides:

If the buyer under a bond for deed contract shall fail to make the payments in
accordance with its terms and conditions, the seller, at his option, may have the
bond for deed cancelled by proper registry in the conveyance records, provided he
has first caused the escrow agent to serve notice upon the buyer, by registered or
certified mail, return receipt requested, at his last known address, that unless
payment is made as provided in the bond for deed within forty-five days from the
mailing date of the notice, the bond for deed shall be cancelled.

Similarly, Paragraph (c) of the Buyer’s Default section of the Bond for Deed provides for
cancellation “by sending a Notice of Default to [Terpsichore] via certified mail, return receipt
requested, addressed to [Terpsichore] pursuant to the Notice provision below, stating that this
Bond for Deed may be cancelled unless payment in certified funds is received within forty-five
(45) days from the mailing of such Notice of Default.”

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regain possession of the property upon the buyer’s default”) (quoting Montz v.

Theard, 2001-0768, p. 14 (La.App. 1 Cir. 2/27/02), 818 So.2d 181, 191).

At the April 26, 2019 hearing, Atocha established that it was entitled to

summary eviction by submitting into evidence the Term Sheet, Act of Sale, Bond

for Deed, Notice of Default, and the Mutual Cancellation.8 Mr. Lehnhardt, who

was involved in the negotiation of these transactions, gave testimony corroborating

the documentary evidence. He also testified that Terpsichore was represented by

counsel during the negotiation. This evidence and testimony was sufficient to

establish that Atocha had title to the property, that Terpsichore was an occupant,

and that the purpose of the occupancy had ceased. See Bennett, 2003-1727, p. 13,

876 So.2d at 870.

Terpsichore failed to present evidence that it had title to the property. See

Dowl v. Arias, 2006-0874, p. 3 (La.App. 4 Cir. 2/14/07), 953 So.2d 81, 83

(“eviction is proper where the defendant fails to present any evidence of his alleged

ownership”). Mr. Gonzalez testified that he signed the Act of Sale, Bond for Deed,

and Mutual Cancellation. He confirmed that Terpsichore failed to make the

December 2018 installment payment, or any payment thereafter. However, Mr.

Gonzalez further testified he felt “tricked” into signing the Mutual Cancellation as

Atocha represented it would not give Terpsichore an additional three-day window

to settle the outstanding installment payments unless Terpsichore agreed to the

8
Included in this documentation was the requisite notice to vacate the property, the proof of
recordation in the conveyance records, and U.S. Postal Service return receipts.

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terms of the Mutual Cancellation. This evidence does not support Terpsichore’s

argument that it had title to the property such that summary eviction would be

inappropriate.

CONCLUSION

We find the trial court did not err in granting the eviction. Terpsichore never

held title to the property. M.A. Gonzalez Properties, LLC originally owned the

property and sold it to Atocha in the Act of Sale. The Bond for Deed was

cancelled due to Terpsichore’s default, thus Terpsichore did not acquire any

ownership interest in the property. See La. R.S. 9:2941. Once Atocha followed

the notification procedure and observed the requisite delays codified in La. R.S.

9:2945, it had the option of unilaterally cancelling the Bond for Deed.9 The terms

of the Mutual Cancellation made Terpsichore an “occupant” of the property “by

permission or accommodation of [Atocha].” La. C.C.P. art. 4704. The purpose of

this occupancy ceased when Terpsichore failed to pay the outstanding installment

payments due under the Bond for Deed and the parties did not execute any other

mutually agreeable lease or possessory act in accordance with the Mutual

Cancellation.10 Thus, we find Terpsichore’s assignments of error are without

merit.

9
In a unilateral cancellation, a purchaser would become an occupant, and the purpose of the
occupancy would cease, by the purchaser’s defaulting on the bond for deed contract. See
Branch, supra. Thus, even if the Mutual Cancellation were invalid, the requisite elements for
summary eviction would still be satisfied.
10
The Mutual Cancellation gave Terpsichore two weeks from the January 31, 2019 deadline to
vacate the property in the event Terpsichore failed to cure its default under the Bond for Deed.
La. C.C.P. art. 4702 requires only five days of notice for an occupant to vacate the premises.

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DECREE

For the foregoing reasons, the motion to dismiss the suspensive appeal is

granted; however, the appeal is maintained as devolutive. The judgment of the

trial court denying Terpsichore’s exception of unauthorized summary proceeding

and granting Atocha’s petition for eviction is affirmed.

MOTION TO DISMISS APPEAL GRANTED,
SUSPENSIVE APPEAL DISMISSED,
AND APPEAL MAINTAINED AS DEVOLUTIVE;
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED

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