Cameron Wainwright obo minor Kendall Wainwright v. AMC; Gallagher Bassett Services, Inc.

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL
FIRST CIRCUIT

2019 CA 0019

CAMERONCAMERON WAINWRIGHTWAINWRIGHT OBOOBO MINORMINOR KENDALLKENDALL WAINWRIGHTWAINWRIGHT

VERSUSVERSUS

AMERICANAMERICAN MULTIMULTI
- - CINEMA,CINEMA, INC.,INC., GALLAGHERGALLAGHER BASSETTBASSETT SERVICES,SERVICES,
INC.INC.

Judgment Judgment renderedrendered SEPSEP 22 77 20192019

OnOn AppealAppeal fromfrom thethe
OfficeOffice ofof Workers'Workers' Compensation,Compensation, DistrictDistrict 66
InIn andand forfor thethe ParishParish ofof Tangipahoa Tangipahoa
StateState ofof LouisianaLouisiana
No.No. 17-17- 0829408294

Workers'Workers' Compensation Compensation JudgeJudge RobertRobert Varnado,Varnado, JudgeJudge PresidingPresiding

GregoryGregory J.J. HubachekHubachek AttorneyAttorney forfor Plaintiff/Plaintiff/ AppellantAppellant
Metairie,Metairie, LouisianaLouisiana CameronCameron WainwrightWainwright OBOOBO minorminor
KendallKendall Wainwright Wainwright

PhilipPhilip G.G. WatsonWatson Attorneys Attorneys forfor Defendants/Defendants/ AppelleesAppellees
DavidDavid J.J. BourgeoisBourgeois American American MultiMulti
- - Cinema,Cinema, Inc.Inc. andand
Metairie,Metairie, LouisianaLouisiana GallagherGallagher BassettBassett Services,Services, Inc.Inc.

EMME30EMME30

BEFORE:BEFORE: McCLENDON,McCLENDON, WELCH,WELCH, ANDAND HOLDRIDGE,HOLDRIDGE, JJ.JJ.

HOLDRIDGE, J.

In this workers' compensation matter, the claimant, Cameron Wainwright

Mr. Wainwright") on behalf of the minor employee, Kendall Wainwright

Kendall"), appeals a judgment rendered in favor of the employer, American

Multi -Cinema, Inc. (" AMC"), and its third -party administrator, Gallagher Bassett

Services, Inc. (" Gallagher") ( collectively, " defendants"), that granted their motion

for summary judgment and dismissed his suit against them. For the reasons that

follow, we reverse.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Mr. Wainwright filed his claim with the Office of Workers' Compensation

Administration on December 27, 2017, seeking workers' compensation benefits

from the defendants for his daughter Kendall' s injury. He stated that Kendall was

injured on June 7, 2017, while working for AMC as a movie theater attendant.

According to the claim, the manager instructed Kendall to assist with the cleaning

of the theater. While Kendall was sweeping the theater, she fell to the floor,

fracturing her left arm.

On August 9, 2018, the defendants moved for summary judgment,

contending that Kendall did not suffer a work accident because her alleged

hypoglycemia caused her to faint and fall. The Workers' Compensation Judge

WCJ") granted summary judgment on September 20, 2018, and dismissed the

claim. Mr. Wainwright now appeals.

On appeal, Mr. Wainwright contends that the WCJ erred in granting the

motion for summary judgment because he overruled Mr. Wainwright' s objections

to the medical records and affidavit that the defendants submitted in support of

their motion. He also contends that the WCJ erred in determining that no genuine

0)

issue of material fact existed as to what caused the work accident and in

determining that the fall was not a compensable accident.

APPLICABLE LAW

An appellate court reviews a WCJ' s decision to grant a motion for summary

judgment de novo, using the same criteria that govern the WCJ' s consideration of

whether summary judgment is appropriate. Malone -Watson v. Strategic

Restaurants, 2014- 1191 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 6/ 11/ 15), 176 So. 3d 417, 418. The

applicable workers' compensation administrative regulation, promulgated under

the authority of La. R.S. 23: 1310. 1, provides that "[ e] x parte and contradictory

motions shall be governed by Code of Civil Procedure Articles 963 et seq." La.

Admin. Code Title 40, Pt. I, § 5835( A).' Thus, the determination of motions for

summary judgment is subject to the same standards used in ordinary civil actions.

Plant Performance Services, LLC v. Harrison, 2017- 1286 ( La. App. 1 Cir.

4/ 6/ 18), 249 So. 3d 1, 5.

After an opportunity for adequate discovery, a motion for summary

judgment shall be granted if the motion, memorandum, and supporting documents

show there is no genuine issue as to material fact and that the mover is entitled to

judgment as a matter of law. La. C. C. P. art. 966( A)(3). The burden of proof rests

on the mover. Nevertheless, if the mover will not bear the burden of proof at trial

on the issue that is before the court on the motion for summary judgment, the

1 Louisiana Revised Statutes 23: 1310. 1 provides, in pertinent part:

C. The assistant secretary shall have the authority to adopt reasonable rules and
regulations, including the rules of procedure before the workers' compensation
judges, according to the procedures established by the Administrative Procedure
Act. [ La. R.S. 49: 950, et seq.] All rules and regulations, properly approved and
promulgated ... shall be consistent with the Workers' Compensation Law and

shall be binding in the administration of that law. ( Footnote omitted.)

Section 5835 was promulgated by the Department of Labor, Office of Workers' Compensation
Administration in February of 1999, then amended in October of 1999 and April of 2007.

3

mover' s burden on the motion does not require him to negate all essential elements

of the adverse party' s claim, action, or defense, but rather to point out to the court

the absence of factual support for one or more elements essential to the adverse

party' s claim, action, or defense. The burden is on the adverse party to produce

factual support sufficient to establish the existence of a genuine issue of material

fact or that the mover is not entitled to judgment as a matter of law. La. C. C. P. art.

966( D)( 1). The only documents that may be filed in support of or in opposition to

the motion are pleadings, memoranda, affidavits, depositions, answers to

interrogatories, certified medical records, written stipulations, and admissions. La.

C. C. P. art. 966( A)(4).

Louisiana Revised Statutes 23: 103 1 ( A) provides for workers' compensation

benefits to an employee who receives personal injury by accident arising out of and

in the course of his employment. Louisiana Revised Statutes 23: 1021( l) defines

accident as follows: "` Accident' means an unexpected or unforeseen actual,

identifiable, precipitous event happening suddenly or violently, with or without

human fault, and directly producing at the time objective findings of an injury

which is more than simply a gradual deterioration or progressive degeneration."

As in other civil actions, the plaintiff worker in a compensation action has the

burden of establishing a work-related accident. Ardoin v. Firestone Polymers,

L.L.C., 2010- 0245 ( La. 1/ 19/ 11), 56 So. 3d 215, 218. When a defendant employer

asserts contributing causes other than the alleged compensable accident, the burden

of such proof rests with the defendant employer. Hull v. Liberty Mutual

Insurance Company, 236 So.2d 847, 852 ( La. App. 1 Cir.), writ refused, 239

So. 2d 361 ( La. 1970).

From the documents submitted by the defendants in support of the motion

for summary judgment, there is no genuine issue of material fact that the plaintiff

19

suffered a personal injury arising out of and in the course of her employment. See

La. R. S. 23: 1031( A); Ardoin, 56 So. 3d at 218. In order to be successful on their

motion for summary judgment, the defendant employer and insurer must also show

that there are no factual issues that there is a contributing cause of the accident that

makes it a non -compensable accident. See, e. g., Hull, 236 So.2d at 852. Since the

defendants -movers have the burden of proof on this issue, they must submit

sufficient supporting documents to resolve all material factual issues and show that

they are entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See Mercadel v. State through

Dep' t of Public Safety, 2018- 0415 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 5/ 15/ 19), 2019 WL 2234404,

at * 3 ( unpublished); Crockerham v. La. Medical Mutual Ins. Co., 2017- 1590

La. App. 1 Cir. 6/ 21/ 18), 255 So. 3d 604, 608; Dimattia v. Jackson Nat. Life Ins.

Co., 2004- 1936 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 9/ 23/ 05), 923 So. 2d 126, 129. If the defendants

fail to carry their burden, summary judgment must be denied.

MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

In their motion for summary judgment, the defendants submitted as evidence

the claim form, hospital records, adjuster Leia Dixon' s affidavit, and Kendall' s

deposition.2 In Kendall' s deposition, Exhibit E, she described what happened at

her workplace on June 17, 2017, as follows:

I was at the top of one of the theaters, sweeping, and then I fell
down the stairs. And then I saw my arm cocked off to the side and
then, like, freaked out, I guess, and passed out. And then, when I
came to, the person that was cleaning the theater with me, and then
Shelby, who I think was the manager, was there. They were like,
Why did you pass out?"

And I was freaking out because my arm was broken. I was like,
I thought I might have some blood sugar issues earlier." When she

was asking me what happened, I repeatedly told her— I was panicking

2 The defendants referred to Kendall' s deposition in support of that part of their motion for
summary judgment concerning their affirmative defense that she committed fraud under La. R.S.
23: 1208, thereby forfeiting her right to workers' compensation benefits. This issue was not
addressed in Mr. Wainwright' s opposition memorandum or at the summary judgment hearing.

5

because my arm was, like, broken off to the side. But I fell and
passed out when I saw my arm.

She repeated during the deposition that she tripped over her feet and fell down the

stairs, that the fainting did not cause her to fall, and that she fainted when she

looked at her arm.' She testified that she was never diagnosed with hypoglycemia,

but that she had had " some issues" in eighth and ninth grade with " passing out."

According to Kendall, her physician had indicated the fainting might be from

hypoglycemia, but also said, "[ t]his could even be you standing up too fast."

Kendall denied ever measuring her sugar level.

In Exhibit B, an excerpt of certified medical records from North Oaks Health

System from June 7, 2017, under " History" and " Chief Complaint" was listed

Loss of Consciousness" and " Wrist Injury," with the following comments:

This is a 17 -year- old female who was working at her job at the movie
theater and was cleaning a theater when she began to feel weak and
dizzy. She checked her blood sugar and it was in the low 60s. At one
point she passed out and landed on her left wrist. She comes in
complaining of left wrist pain. Blood sugar here was in the 90s. She
does have a history of hypoglycemia.

The emergency physician noted that he suspected " the syncope was from the

hypoglycemia" and also stated, " Impression: Syncope. Wrist fracture.

4
Hypoglycemia."

A nurse' s entry in the medical records stated that Kendall said she had been

checking her blood sugar daily, that she was having " syncopal episodes," and that

her physician was aware of her " hypoglycemic events." Another entry by a

3 The defendants also submitted Exhibit F, which is a North Oaks record dated August 7, 2017,
but the copy of the record attached to the motion is not certified.

4 Merriam -Webster' s Dictionary defines " syncope" as " loss of consciousness resulting from
insufficient blood flow to the brain: FAINT." Merriam -Webster Online Dictionary. 2019.
http:// www.merriam-webster. com ( 11 Sept. 2019).

0

different nurse stated, " Pt. [ s] tates she passed out at work and fell down the stairs

at work `because my sugar drops."'

In Exhibit C, the affidavit of the adjuster for Gallagher, Ms. Dixon stated

that on June 7, 2017, Kendall gave her a verbal statement summarizing the incident

that occurred earlier that day. The affidavit then said:

5. Plaintiff reported as she was cleaning her employer' s ... theater,
either ( 1) she passed out due to hypoglycemia and/ or ( 2) " climbed to
the top of the stairs too quickly[,"] fell down the stairs, and broke her
arm.

6. Plaintiff reported that after the incident, she measured her blood
sugar, finding it was " high," " not low."

7. She reported she immediately treated with North Oaks Regional
Health Center in Hammond, Louisiana, where the physician opined
she suffered from " hypoglycemia" (" low blood sugar.")

8. She reported " the doctor thinks she is hypoglycemic so she checks
her blood sugar regularly."

Exhibit D consists of certified medical records from North Oaks Pediatrics,

which included notes from three visits during 2013 and 2014. The note for the

visit on March 25, 2014, stated, " Passed out twice today @ school[.]"

In his memorandum in opposition to the motion for summary judgment, Mr.

Wainwright objected to Exhibits B, C, and D. The WCJ overruled the objections

and considered these exhibits.s Mr. Wainwright did not submit any documents in

opposition to the motion for summary judgment.

5 Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 966( D)( 2) provides:

The court may consider only those documents filed in support of or in opposition
to the motion for summary judgment and shall consider any documents to which
no objection is made. Any objection to a document shall be raised in a timely filed
opposition or reply memorandum. The court shall consider all objections prior to
rendering judgment. The court shall specifically state on the record or in writing
which documents, if any, it held to be inadmissible or declined to consider.

7

On appeal, Mr. Wainwright contends that the WCJ erred in admitting

Exhibits B, C, and D. However, we need not address the issues regarding the

admissibility of these exhibits because even considering all of the exhibits, an

analysis of the workers' compensation law shows that the defendants did not meet

their initial burden of establishing that there was no genuine issue of material fact

as to whether Kendall' s accident arose out of or in the course of her employment

and that they were entitled to judgment as a matter of law. The deposition contains

statements that Kendall tripped and fell, then fainted after seeing her fractured arm,

and the medical records contain statements that Kendall fainted due to

hypoglycemia, thereupon fracturing her arm. The affidavit states that Kendall

reported she either passed out due to hypoglycemia or she climbed the theater

stairs too quickly and fell. Thus, the defendants' documents in support of their

summary judgment motion present a genuine issue of material fact regarding the

cause of Kendall' s fall.

In reviewing whether the factual issue regarding the cause of Kendall' s fall

is a genuine issue of material fact such that the defendants are not entitled to

judgment as a matter of law, we initially note that an otherwise compensable

accident does not cease to arise out of the employment simply because it can be

attributed to a physical infirmity of the employee. Guidry v. Serigny, 378 So.2d

9385 940 ( La. 1979). In Guidry, an employee worked as a cook in the defendant

employer' s restaurant and fell when she was carrying a mayonnaise jar from the

storage area to the kitchen and injured her back. Id. at 939- 40. The evidence at

trial indicated that the employee fell because she fainted, had a heart attack, or

slipped on a newly waxed floor. Id. at 939. The supreme court found that the

accident clearly occurred during the course of the employee' s employment. Id. In

holding that the accident arose out of the employment, the supreme court observed

n.

that the accident was not the fainting spell, heart attack, or slip that may have

caused the employee to fall, but was the fall itself that injured the employee' s back,

and this is so regardless of the precipitating reason therefor." Id. at 940. 6 In

determining whether the employee' s "( fall) accident" arose out of her employment,

the court set forth a two -fold inquiry: "[ f]irst, it must be determined whether the

employee was then engaged in his employer' s business and secondly, did the

necessities of the employer' s business reasonably require that the employee be at

the place of the accident at the time of the accident." Id. The supreme court found

these requirements were met. Id.

In Guidry, the supreme court referred to an analogous case, Hull, 236 So.2d

at 847, where the deceased employee, while driving an automobile in the course of

his employment, experienced what appeared to be hypoglycemic shock, became

unconscious, and lost control of his vehicle. Guidry, 378 So. 2d at 940. In the

ensuing accident, the employee suffered a compound fracture of the skull, which

caused his death. Hull, 236 So. 2d at 850. The supreme court in Guidry

commented that this court in Hull " properly allowed recovery [ of workers'

compensation benefits] because while the employee' s preexisting condition of

diabetes may have caused the collision, it was the collision which caused the

fractures and his subsequent death. Thus, since the collision was an accident

which arose out of the conducting of his employer' s business, recovery was

proper." Guidry, 378 So.2d at 940.

To support their contention that Kendall' s accident did not arise out of her

employment if she fainted due to hypoglycemia, the defendants rely on the

6 In determining that the accident arose out of the employment, the supreme court reversed the
ruling of the trial court and the affirmation by this court that the accident did not arise out of the
employment because there was evidence the fall was due to a fainting spell or a heart attack. See
Guidry v. Serigny, 370 So. 2d 904, 907 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 1979).

supreme court' s statement in Guillory v. Interstate Gas Station, 94- 1767 ( La.

3/ 30/ 95), 653 So. 2d 1152, 1154, that "[ a] n accident arises out of the employment if

the risk from which the injury resulted was greater for the employee than for a

person not engaged in the employment." The WO adopted this reasoning, stating

at the hearing, " Having hypoglycemia does not create a greater risk for passing out
7
at work versus at home as indicated in ... this scenario ...... The defendants

additionally note the supreme court' s language that "[ t]he principal objective of the

arising out of employment' requirement is to separate accidents attributable to

employment risks, which form the basis of the employer' s obligation under the

compensation system, from accidents attributable to personal risks, for which the

employer should normally not be responsible." Id. However, the defendants fail

to note that Guillory involved a motion for summary judgment by an employer

where an employee of a gas station was shot by her husband while she worked;

therefore, the supreme court determined that the injury arose from a non -

employment related dispute and did not arise from her employment. See Id. at

1153, 1155. In the instant case, unlike the Guillory case, the accident ( the fall)

occurred while Kendall was cleaning the theater near or on the stairs.8

Moreover, whether Kendall' s fall was due to a fainting spell caused by

hypoglycemia or due to her tripping over her feet, the accident was the fall itself,

and the injury was her fractured arm. As was stated by the supreme court in

Guidry, the accident in that case was the fall itself, not the fainting spell, the heart

attack, or the slip that may have caused the employee to fall. Guidry, 378 So.2d at

939- 40. We must apply the two-part test set forth in Guidry to determine whether

7 The WCJ stated that he adopted defendants' memorandum in support and supplemental
memorandum as his reasons for judgment.

a
Guillory is also factually distinguishable from the instant matter as this matter does not
concern injuries that arose from a dispute, let alone a non -employment related dispute. Guillory,
653 So. 2d at 1155.

10

Kendall' s accident arose out of her employment, that is, whether she was engaged

in her employer' s business and whether the necessities of her employer' s business

reasonably required her to be at the place of the accident at the time of the

accident. Id. at 940. At the time of her fall, Kendall was cleaning the theater

pursuant to her manager' s directive. Defendants' evidence presented on the

motion for summary judgment did not establish any factual dispute as to whether

Kendall was acting in pursuit of her employer' s business when the accident ( the

fall) occurred or whether she was required to be in the area where the accident ( the

fall) occurred. The defendants' evidence did not resolve the factual dispute over

whether the fall was caused by a pre- existing medical condition of the plaintiff or

her falling down the stairs for other reasons. Similarly, there is a question of law

as to whether, as a matter of law, that if the plaintiff' s fall were due to

hypoglycemia, it would not have been a compensable work-related injury.

Therefore, Mr. Wainwright' s assignments of error that the WCJ erred in

determining that there were no genuine issues of material fact and that the

defendants were entitled to judgment as a matter of law have merit.

CONCLUSION

For the reasons set forth above, we reverse the judgment of September 20,

2018 granting summary judgment in favor of American Multi -Cinema, Inc. and

Gallagher Bassett Services, Inc., and dismissing the claim of Cameron Wainwright

on behalf of the minor employee, Kendall Wainwright. This matter is remanded

for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. Costs of this appeal are

assessed to American Multi -Cinema, Inc. and Gallagher Bassett Services, Inc.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

11

STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT
G
2019 CA 0019

CAMERON WAINWRIGHT OBO MINOR KENDALL WAINWRIGHT

VERSUS

AMERICAN MULTI -CINEMA, INC., GALLAGHER BASSERTT SERVICES, INC.

McClendon, 7., concurring.

I agree with the majority that genuine issues of material fact remain regarding

the cause of plaintiff's fall. I would therefore reverse the September 20, 2018 judgment

solely on this basis. Having so concluded, I find it unnecessary to determine whether

the decisions by the Supreme Court of Guidry v. Serigny, 378 So. 2d 938 ( La. 1979),

and Guillory v. Interstate Gas Station, 1994- 1767 ( La. 3/ 30/ 95), 653 So. 2d 1152,

are consistent, and if so, the manner in which said holdings would affect the outcome

of this case.