In Re: Medical Review Panel Re: Thomas Smith, Sr.

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

POfe— J FIRST CIRCUIT

2019 CA 0432

IN RE: MEDICAL REVIEW OF THOMAS J. SMITH, SR.

Judgment Rendered: JUN 0 12020

On Appeal from the Seventeenth Judicial District Court
In and for the Parish of Lafourche
State of Louisiana
Docket No. 131721

Honorable John E. LeBlanc, Judge Presiding

ENAEWWW3

Carolyn S. Smith Plaintiff/ Appellant
Raceland, Louisiana In Proper Person for Thomas
J. Smith, Jr.

Davita Robinson Plaintiff/ Appellant
Raceland, Louisiana In Proper Person

Nadia de la Houssaye Counsel for Defendant/ Appellee
Lafayette, Louisiana Ochsner Foundation Hospital

Barry J. Boudreaux Counsel for Defendants/ Appellees
Houma, Louisiana David Pellegrin, MD, Gregory Maidoh, MD,
Mary Eschet, MD, and Cindy Wustell, RN

A BEFORE: McCLENDON, WELCH, AND HOLDRIDGE, JJ.

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McCLENDON, 3.

In this appeal, a plaintiff challenges the district court judgment that dismissed

her claims against the defendant. For the following reasons, we affirm.

Carolyn S. Smith, as tutrix for Thomas J. Smith, Jr., commenced this action, in

proper person, by filing a "' Petition to Open Discovery Docket" in relation to a medical

malpractice claim instituted before a medical review panel. Ms. Smith' s medical

malpractice claim apparently focused on the treatment provided to her husband,

Thomas J. Smith, Sr., and named numerous defendants, including Ochsner Foundation

Hospital ( Ochsner). Thereafter, during the course of the discovery proceedings in the

district court, Ochsner sought discovery through Ms. Smith. Despite being ordered by

the district court to comply with discovery, Ms. Smith failed to do so. On January 25,

2019, the district court signed a judgment granting Ochsner's motion for contempt and

dismissing Ms. Smith' s claims with prejudice at her cost. Ms. Smith has appealed the

January 25, 2019 judgment.

A contempt of court is any act or omission tending to obstruct or interfere with

the orderly administration of justice, or to impair the dignity of the court or respect for

its authority. LSA- C. C. P. art. 221. Authority to punish for contempt of court falls within

the inherent power of the court to aid in the exercise of its jurisdiction and to enforce

its lawful orders. Rogers v. Dickens, 06- 0898 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 2/ 9/ 07), 959 So. 2d 940,

945- 46. Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 224 defines a constructive contempt

of court as any contempt other than a direct one, including the "[ w] illful disobedience

of any lawful judgment, order, mandate, writ, or process of the court." LSA- C. C. P. art.

224( 2).

A trial court is vested with great discretion in determining whether a party should

be held in contempt, and its decision will only be reversed when the appellate court

discerns an abuse of that discretion. Rogers, 959 So. 2d at 945. Although a district

court has discretion to determine whether to find a person guilty of constructive

contempt of court, a finding that a person wilfully disobeyed a court order in violation of

LSA- C. C. P. art. 224( 2) must be based on a finding that the accused violated an order of

the court " intentionally, knowingly, and purposefully, without justifiable excuse." Lang

2

v. Asten, Inc., 05- 1119 ( La. 1/ 13/ 06), 918 So. 2d 453, 454 ( per curiam). See also

Rogers, 959 So. 2d at 945.

In this matter, Ochsner propounded " Interrogatories and a Request for

Production of Documents" to Ms. Smith on March 16, 2017. Ms. Smith failed to provide

any discovery responses, and on March 22, 2018, Ochsner filed a motion to compel

pursuant to LSA- C. C. P. art. 1469, requesting an order compelling Ms. Smith to respond

to the discovery requests. Ms. Smith was present at the May 24, 2018 hearing. The

district court granted Ochsner's motion to compel and signed a judgment on June 27,

2018, ordering Ms. Smith to respond to the discovery requests within 90 days, and no

later than August 22, 2018. The judgment also provided that failure to respond to

Ochsner's discovery request " may result in dismissal of plaintiffs' claim."

Ms. Smith failed to comply with the judgment of the district court, and on

October 1, 2018, Ochsner filed a " Motion for Contempt." Ochsner argued that Ms.

Smith had not responded to the discovery requests, that it was evident that she did not

intend to fully comply with the court's June 27, 2018 judgment, and that Ms. Smith' s

failure to comply prevented it from adequately preparing for the defense of the matter.

Accordingly, Ochsner requested dismissal of Ms. Smith' s claim pursuant to LSA- C. C. P.

art. 1471. 1

At the hearing on the motion for contempt, the district court addressed Ms.

Smith, stating in part:

24th
I rendered the judgment on May ordering you to comply ...
with a discovery request. I granted the Motion to Compel. I ordered you
to comply and to respond to discovery within 90 days -- three months. It
was sufficient. Once again, you have treated this defendant as you have
treated all the others by total noncompliance with a court order, and
assert criminal rules and criminal exceptions and the Constitution with

1 Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 1471 provides, in relevant part:

A. If a party ... fails to obey an order to provide or permit discovery, including an order
made under ... Article 1469, the court in which the action is pending may make such

orders in regard to the failure as are just, including any of the following:

3) An order striking out pleadings or parts thereof, or staying further proceedings until
the order is obeyed, or dismissing the action or proceeding or any part thereof, or
rendering a final default judgment against the disobedient party upon presentation of
proof as required by Article 1702.

Emphasis added).

3

regard to the criminal actions as a justification for total disregard for a
valid court order.I find you in contempt. The sanction for the contempt,
because you failed to comply, your thwart ... of ... the moving forward of a
civil matter by your constant failure to comply with court orders, the only
remedy that I can think that is appropriate is to dismiss your action
against Ochsner at your cost.[ 2]

After a thorough review of the record, we can find no error in the district court's

determination that Ms. Smith intentionally, knowingly, and purposefully, without

justifiable excuse, violated the court's order. Therefore, we find no abuse of discretion

by the district court in finding Ms. Smith in contempt of court and dismissing her action

against Ochsner with prejudice at her cost. While we acknowledge that the sanction of

dismissal is reserved for the most culpable conduct, we cannot say that the trial court

abused its discretion under the specific facts of this case. Accordingly, we affirm the

January 25, 2019 judgment, and we issue this memorandum opinion pursuant to

Uniform Rules — Courts of Appeal, Rule 2- 16. 16. All costs of this appeal are assessed to

Carolyn S. Smith.

AFFIRMED.

2
We note that the trial court previously dismissed Ms. Smith' s claims with prejudice against the
defendants, Tulane University Hospital & Clinic, Ochsner St. Anne General Hospital, Craig Walker, M. D.,
Anil Chagarlamudi, M. D., Kenneth Wong, M. D., and the Cardiovascular Institute of the South, based on
Ms. Smith' s failure to comply with previous discovery orders issued by the trial court.

0

IN RE: MEDICAL REVIEW STATE OF LOUISIANA
OF THOMAS J. SMITH, SR.
COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT

NO. 2019 CA 0432

HOLDRIDGE, J., affirming in part and dissenting in part.

I agree in part and dissent in part. I agree that the trial court was correct in

holding the plaintiff and probably his wife, who are self r-epresented litigants, in

contempt. I disagree with imposing the sanction of dismissal of the case with

prejudice. Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 1471 provides in subsection

A)(4) that in lieu of any of the sanctions of 1471 " or in addition thereto" an order

of contempt may be issued for the failure to obey an order by the trial court

compelling discovery. While the defendant' s motion is titled a " Motion for

Contempt", it appears from its content that the defendant is asking for both

contempt and sanctions under article 1471. While the trial court acted correctly in

finding the plaintiff in contempt, the court was not correct in imposing the sanction

of dismissal with prejudice of the case. The Supreme Court in Horton v. McCary,

635 So. 2d 199, 200 ( La. 1994) acknowledged that " dismissal ... [ is a] draconian

penalt[ y] which should be applied only in extreme circumstances." The Supreme

Court further stated in Horton that " those sanctions are generally reserved for the

most culpable conduct." Courts have also held that the ultimate sanction

dismissal with prejudice) should not be imposed unless the record shows that the

plaintiff was clearly aware that noncompliance would result in the sanction of

dismissal. See Medical Review Proceedings of Peter v. Touro Infirmary, 2005-

0317, ( La. App. 4 Cir. 7/ 6/ 05), 913 So. 2d 131, 134; Duffy v. Pendleton Memorial

Methodist Hosp., 2010- 0660 ( La. App. 4 Cir. 12/ 8/ 10), 53 So. 3d 636, 639; and

Rodriguez-Zaldivar v. Leggett, 2018- 0410 ( La. App. 4 Cir. 1/ 23/ 19), 2019 WL

302223, at * 4 ( unpublished) ( which held that evidence must be introduced at the

hearing and "[ a] rguments of counsel in briefs or memoranda are not evidence."

In this case, I can find no evidence in the record wherein the plaintiff was

warned that if she did not comply with the discovery order that her case would be

dismissed with prejudice in accordance with Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure

article 1471( A)(3). I would hold that in the case of a self r-epresented litigant, it is

essential that the litigant be informed that a failure to comply with a discovery

order may be grounds for dismissing her lawsuit before that sanction is applied. In

all of the cited cases, the plaintiff and his attorney were both notified that the

failure to comply with a discovery order could result in the dismissal of the case.

See Quinn v. Palmer, 2019- 1009 ( La. App. 4 Cir. 3/ 25/ 20), 2020 WL 1473439, at

2- 3 ( unpublished) ( wherein the trial court provided notice signed by all parties

and counsel that if a party failed to comply with a pre-trial order, " the court, on its

own motion, or on the motion of a party, after hearing, may make such orders as

are just, including orders provided in La. C. C. P. art. 1471 ( 2), ( 3), and ( 4).")

Furthermore, I would hold that in any event, the less drastic sanction of dismissal

without prejudice would be the correct sanction in light of the fact that the plaintiff

was self r
-epresented. See Carr v. GEICO Casualty Company, 2019- 0310 ( La.

App. 4 Cir. 10/ 16/ 19), 2019 WL 5232514, at * 6 ( unpublished).