Brandi Waters v. Susan Hebert and Shelter Mutual Insurance Company

STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT

J
2019 CA 0435

BRANDI WATERS

VERSUS

SUSAN HEBERT AND SHELTER MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY

JUDGMENT RENDERED: NOV 2 0 2019

Appealed from the
Nineteenth Judicial District Court
In and for the Parish of East Baton Rouge • State of Louisiana
Docket No. 657, 337 • Sec. 25

The Honorable Wilson Fields, Judge Presiding

Scott M. Emonet ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Kelly E. Balfour PLAINTIFF— Brandi Waters
Mark K. White
Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Gregory P. Aycock ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEES
Stephen F. Butterfield DEFENDANTS— Susan Hebert and
Brent E. Kinchen Shelter Mutual Insurance
Baton Rouge, Louisiana Company

BEFORE: MCCLENDON, WELCH, AND HOLDRIDGE, T.T.

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WELCH, J.

The plaintiff, Brandi Waters, challenges a jury verdict awarding her

damages in the total amount of $ 13, 461. 86 for injuries that she sustained in an

automobile accident. The defendants, Susan Hebert and her automobile liability

insurer, Shelter Mutual Insurance Company (" Shelter"), have answered the appeal,

seeking a reduction in the amount of expert witness fees and costs assessed against

them. We affirm the judgment in accordance with the jury verdict and deny the

answer to appeal in compliance with Uniform Rules— Courts of Appeal, Rule 2-

16. 1( B).

On April 24, 2017, the plaintiff filed a petition for damages naming Ms.

Hebert and Shelter as defendants. The plaintiff alleged that on September 29,

2016, she was rear- ended by Ms. Hebert and that Ms. Hebert was liable to her for

her injuries and damages. The defendants filed an answer generally denying the

plaintiff's claims; however, the defendants subsequently admitted liability for the

accident.

On May 7, 8, and 9, 2018, a jury trial was held on the issues of medical

causation and damages. Based on the evidence and after deliberation on May 9,

2018, the jury returned a verdict in the plaintiff's favor awarding her compensatory

damages in the total amount of $13, 461. 86, i.e. $ 8, 461. 86 in past medical expenses

and $ 5, 000. 00 in general damages for past pain and suffering. The jury declined to

award the plaintiff any damages for future medical expenses, future pain and

suffering, past and future loss of enjoyment of life, and mental anguish. On June

13, 2018, the trial court signed a judgment in accordance with the jury verdict.

Thereafter, the plaintiff filed a motion to tax costs, and a motion for judgment

notwithstanding the verdict (" JNOV"), for a new trial, and/ or to nullify the jury

verdict. Pursuant to a judgment signed by the trial court on October 22, 2018, the

trial court denied the plaintiffs motions for JNOV, new trial, and to nullify the

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jury verdict, and granted the plaintiff' s motion to tax costs, assessing the

defendants with costs and expert witness fees in the total amount of $20, 113. 41.

The plaintiff has appealed the judgment rendered in accordance with the jury

verdict, essentially seeking an increase in the compensatory damages awarded by

the jury. The defendants have answered the appeal, essentially seeking a reduction

in the amount of expert witness fees and costs that it was assessed pursuant to the

October 22, 2018 judgment.'

Compensatory damages are classified as either special or general. McGee v.

A C And S, Inc., 2005- 1036 ( La. 7/ 10/ 06), 933 So. 2d 770, 774. On appeal, the

applicable standard of review depends on the classification of the particular item of

damages at issue. " Special damages" are those which have a ready market value

such that the amount of damages theoretically may be determined with relative

certainty, including medical expenses and lost wages. Id. Future medical expenses

are an item of special damages. Id.; see also Guillory v. Insurance Co. of North

America, 96- 1084 ( La. 4/ 8/ 97), 692 So. 2d 1029, 1031- 1032. The proper standard

for determining whether a plaintiff is entitled to future medical expenses is proof

t We note that the defendants suggest, in their brief, that this Court may lack subject matter
jurisdiction over this appeal due to a defect in the plaintiff s motion for appeal. In the plaintiff s
motion for appeal, she stated that she desired to appeal the May 9, 2018, jury verdict— not the
June 13, 2018 judgment in accordance with the jury verdict. However, the jury verdict itself is
not appealable. See La. C. C. P. arts. 1813, 2082, 2083, and 2121. The motion for appeal also
references the October 22, 2018 judgment denying the plaintiffs motion for JNOV, new trial,
and to nullify the jury verdict ( but solely in the context of the motion for appeal being timely
filed) and a judgment denying a motion for JNOV or new trial is an interlocutory order and
generally not appealable. See La. C. C. P. art. 2083( C). Nonetheless, it is clear from the motion
for appeal and the plaintiff' s sole assignment of error that she sought to appeal the June 13, 2018
judgment rendered in accordance with the jury verdict. Since appeals are favored in the law and
will be dismissed only when the grounds for dismissal are free from doubt, we find the plaintiff s
mistake in listing the date of the jury verdict, rather than the date of the judgment rendered in
accordance with the jury verdict, insufficient grounds for the dismissal of this appeal. Thus, we
find the appeal of the merits of the judgment rendered in accordance with the jury verdict is
properly before us. See Byrd v. Pulmonary Care Specialists, Inc., 2016- 0485 ( La. 1St Cir.
12/ 22/ 16), 209 So. 3d 192, 195.

Likewise, we note that the defendant' s answer to appeal pertains to that portion of the
October 22, 2018 judgment relative to costs. However, the plaintiff did not appeal any portion of
the October 22, 2018 judgment. Nevertheless, since answers to appeals are also favored and
because of the ambiguity in the plaintiff s motion for appeal and the specific reference therein to
the October 22, 2018 judgment, we will consider the merits of the defendant' s answer to appeal.
See La. C. C. P. arts. 2133 and 2164; see also Michel v. Maryland Cas. Co, 81 So. 2d 36 ( La.
App. 1St Cir. 1955).

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by a preponderance of the evidence the future medical expense will be medically

necessary. Menard v. Lafayette Ins. Co., 2009- 1869 ( La. 3/ 16/ 10), 31 So. 3d 996,

1006. However, an award for future medical expenses is, in great measure, highly

speculative, not susceptible to calculation with mathematical certainty, and

generally turns on questions of credibility and inferences. Id. A jury' s decision

regarding special damages is subject to the manifest error standard of review,

which only allows an appellate court to adjust a special damage award where: ( 1)

there is not reasonable factual basis for the jury' s decision, and ( 2) the decision is

clearly wrong. See Guillory, 692 So. 2d at 1032.

As evidenced by the verdict, the jury made a factual finding that the plaintiff

was entitled to an award for past medical expenses, but that she was not entitled to

an award for future medical expenses. The plaintiff' s claim for future medical

expenses was based on Dr. Kevin McCarthy' s testimony that the plaintiff was a

candidate for several treatment options. However, the testimony of Dr. McCarthy,

Dr. Keith Mack, and the plaintiff also established that the plaintiff had not

followed through with treatment recommended by either Dr. Keith Mack or Dr.

McCarthy. From this, the jury could have reasonably concluded that while the

plaintiff may have sustained some injuries immediately after the accident, by the

time of trial, those injuries had either subsided and/ or there were no medically

necessary future medical expenses that she would incur. Based on our review of

the record, we find there was a reasonable basis to support the jury' s conclusion in

this regard. Thus, we find no manifest error in the jury' s decision not to award the

plaintiff future medical expenses.

As to general damages, we note that general damages are those which may

not be fixed with pecuniary exactitude; instead, they involve mental or physical

pain or suffering, inconvenience, the loss of gratification or physical enjoyment, or

other losses of life or life- style which cannot be measured definitely in monetary

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terms. Duncan v. Kansas City Southern Railway Co, 2000- 0066 ( La. 10/ 30/ 00),

773 So. 2d 670, 682; see also McGee, 933 So. 2d at 774. Vast discretion is

accorded the trier of fact in fixing general damage awards. Id. This vast discretion

is such that an appellate court should rarely disturb an award of general damages.

Id., citing Youn v. Maritime Overseas Corp., 623 So. 2d 1257, 1261 ( La. 1993).

Thus, the role of the appellate court in reviewing general damage awards is not to

decide what it considers to be an appropriate award, but rather, to review the

exercise of discretion by the trier of fact. Duncan, 773 So. 2d at 682; Youn, 623

So. 2d at 1260. Reasonable persons frequently disagree about the measure of

general damages in a particular case. Youn, 623 So. 2d at 1261. It is only when

the award is, in either direction, beyond that which a reasonable trier of fact could

assess for the effects of the particular injury to the particular plaintiff under the

particular circumstances that the appellate court should increase or reduce the

award. Id.

Thus, the initial inquiry, in reviewing an award of general damages, is

whether the trier of fact abused its discretion in assessing the amount of damages.

Cone v. National Emergency Services Inc., 99- 0934 ( La. 10/ 29/ 99), 747 So. 2d

10853 1089. Only after a determination that the trier of fact has abused its " much

discretion" is resort to prior awards appropriate, and then only to the extent of

lowering it ( or raising it) to the highest or ( lowest) point which is reasonably

within that discretion. Coco v. Winston Industries, Inc., 341 So. 2d 332, 335 ( La.

1976).

As to the plaintiff' s claim on appeal that the jury' s award of general

damages ($ 5, 000 for past pain and suffering) was insufficient and that she should

be awarded an increase in those damages for future pain and suffering, past and

future loss of enjoyment of life, and mental anguish, based on our review of the

record, particularly the testimony of the plaintiff, we cannot say that the jury' s

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award was under that which a reasonable trier of fact could assess for the effects of

the particular injury to the plaintiff under the particular circumstances. Based on

the evidence, the jury could have reasonably concluded that while the plaintiff may

have sustained some injuries and been in some pain immediately after the accident,

that her injuries did not affect her lifestyle or inflict any mental anguish, and/or by

the time of trial, that her injuries had either subsided or that she was no longer in

pain. Thus, we cannot say that the jury abused its discretion with respect to its

general damage award.

Lastly, with respect to the defendant' s answer to appeal regarding the

assessment of expert witness fees, in particular, the expert witness fees of Dr.

McCarthy and Dr. Mack, we note that under La. R.S. 13: 3666, La. R.S. 13: 4533,

and La. C. C. P. art. 1920, the trial court has great discretion in awarding costs,

including expert witness fees, deposition costs, exhibit costs and related expenses.

Bourgeois v. Heritage Manor of Houma, 96- 0135 ( La. App. 1St Cir. 2/ 14/ 97),

691 So. 2d 703, 706. While the general rule is that the party cast in judgment

should be assessed with court costs, the trial court may assess costs in any

equitable manner and against any party in any proportion it deems just. See La.

C. C. P. art. 1920; Bourg v. Cajun Cutters, Inc., 2014- 0210 ( La. App. Pt Cir.

5/ 7/ 15), 174 So. 3d 56, 73, writ denied, 2015- 1305, 2015- 1253 ( La. 4/ 4/ 16), 90

So. 3d 1201, 1205. An expert witness is entitled to reasonable compensation both

for his court appearance and for his preparatory work. Bourgeois, 691 So.2d at

708. Factors to be considered by the trial judge in setting an expert witness fee

include the time spent testifying, time spent in preparatory work for trial, time

spent away from regular duties while waiting to testify, the extent and nature of the

work performed, and the knowledge, attainments and skill of the expert. Id.

Although, as the defendants point out, the amount of costs and expert

witness fees assessed against them exceeds the amount ultimately recovered by the

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plaintiff, based on our review of the record, we cannot say that the trial court

abused its discretion in either setting the expert witness fees for Dr. McCarthy and

Dr. Mack, or in assessing those fees and other costs to the defendants. Therefore,

we deny the answer to appeal.

Accordingly, the June 13, 2018 judgment in accordance with the jury verdict

is affirmed and the defendants' answer to appeal is denied. All costs of this appeal

are assessed equally between the plaintiff, Brandi Waters, and the defendants,

Susan Hebert and Shelter Mutual Insurance Company.

AFFIRMED; ANSWER TO APPEAL DENIED.

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STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT

2019 CA 0435

BRANDI WATERS

VERSUS

SUSAN HEBERT, ET AL.

MCCLENDON, J., dissenting in part.

I disagree with the majority' s decision to deny the answer to appeal regarding
the assessment of expert witness fees. Even though Dr. McCarthy contracted for
5, 000. 00 per hour as an expert witness fee, the bill is not controlling and I find this to
be abusively high.
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