Belton Joseph Didier and Dare powers Didier v. Mark Randolph Simmons

STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT

NO. 2019 CA 1100

BELTON JOSEPH DIDIER AND DARE POWERS DIDIER

VERSUS

MARK RANDOLPH SIMMONS

Judgment Rendered.
MAY 1 12020

Appealed from the
19th Judicial District Court
In and for the Parish of East Baton Rouge
State of Louisiana
Case No. 672, 116

The Honorable Wilson E. Fields, Judge Presiding

Vincent A. Saffiotti Counsel for Plaintiffs/ Appellants
Natalie C. Neale Belton Joseph Didier and
Baton Rouge, Louisiana Dare Powers Didier

Michael S. Walsh Counsel for Defendant/Appellee
Savannah W. Smith Mark Randolph Simmons
Baton Rouge, Louisiana

BEFORE: McDONALD, THERIOT, AND CHUTZ, JJ.

THERIOT, J.

Belton Joseph Didier and Dare Powers Didier appeal the Nineteenth Judicial

District Court' s judgment sustaining Mark Randolph Simmons' peremptory

exception of no cause of action. For the following reasons, we affirm in part,

reverse in part, and remand.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On August 2, 2018, Belton Joseph Didier and Dare Powers Didier

collectively " Appellants") filed a petition for revocation of donation, seeking to

revoke all donations made by Appellants in favor of their former son- in-law, Mark

Randolph Simmons (" Appellee"). Appellants asserted that Appellee and their

daughter, Jill Didier Simmons, had been married on March 25, 2006. Appellants

further alleged that, on May 12, 2014, they had executed two donations inter vivos

donating certain movable property to Jill Didier Simmons and her then -husband,

Appellee, in equal parts. According to Appellants, the donations inter vivos

included cash and shares of stock worth approximately $ 400, 000.

In their petition, Appellants alleged that, beginning in August 2017, it was

suspected that Appellee was having an affair. Appellee initially denied these

allegations.
Based on her suspicions of Appellee' s infidelity, Jill Didier Simmons

filed for divorce on February 5, 2018. Appellants averred that Appellee confessed

on March 7, 2018 that he had been having an affair for a year and a half. As a

result, Appellants sought the revocation of all donations made to Appellee, alleging

that Appellee was guilty of cruel treatment and/ or grievous injury, and actions

constituting ingratitude. Appellants sought to uphold the donations to their

daughter, Jill Didier Simmons.

Appellee answered the petition on September 5, 2018. On March 7, 2019,

Appellee filed a peremptory exception of no cause of action. In an accompanying

memorandum in support of his exception of no cause of action, Appellee argued

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that Appellants had failed to state a cause of action for ingratitude. Appellee

specifically argued that neither Appellants' allegations of adultery nor the ongoing

divorce proceedings constituted cruel treatment towards Appellants.

A hearing on the exception of no cause of action was held on May 6, 2019.

Subsequently, in a judgment signed on May 21, 2019, the trial court sustained

Appellee' s exception of no cause of action. This appeal followed.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

Appellants assign the following as error:

1)The trial court erred in sustaining the peremptory exception of no
cause of action and thereby dismissing Appellants' petition for
revocation when the petition, on its face, alleges cruel treatment and
grievous injuries constituting ingratitude perpetrated by Appellee
towards them in support of Appellants' claim to revoke their donation
to Appellee, thus stating a cause of action pursuant to Louisiana Civil
Code article 1557.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

The function of an exception of no cause of action is to test the legal

sufficiency of the petition by determining whether the law affords a remedy on the

facts alleged in the pleading. The burden of demonstrating that the petition states

no cause of action is upon the mover. Peremptory exceptions raising the objection

of no cause of action present legal questions, which are reviewed using the de novo

standard of review. The court reviews the petition and accepts well -pleaded

allegations of fact as true. Reyerr v. Milton Homes, LLC, 2018- 0580 ( La. App. 1

Cir. 2/ 25/ 19); 272 So. 3d 604, 607. No evidence may be introduced at any time to

support or controvert the objection that the petition fails to state a cause of action.

La. Code Civ. P. art. 931; Reyer, 272 So. 3d at 607.

An exception of no cause of action should be granted only when it appears

beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of any claim

which would entitle him to relief. If the petition states a cause of action on any

ground or portion of the demand, the exception should generally be overruled.

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Every reasonable interpretation must be accorded the language used in the petition

in favor of maintaining its sufficiency and affording the plaintiff the opportunity to

present evidence at trial. Badeaux v. Southwest Computer Bureau, Inc., 2005- 0612

La. 3/ 17/ 06); 929 So. 2d 1211, 1217.

DISCUSSION

Appellants allege that Appellee is guilty of cruel treatment or grievous injury

towards them, which amounts to ingratitude sufficient to revoke their donation

pursuant to La. Civ. Code art. 1557. Thus, Appellants assert that their petition,

which sets forth several factual allegations in support of their claims of cruel

treatment and/or grievous injury by Appellee, alleges sufficient facts to state a

valid cause of action under La. Civ. Code art. 1557. Appellee argues that

Appellants' petition fails to assert acts that constitute cruel treatment or grievous

injury towards the donors. Accordingly, Appellee argues that recognizing a cause

of action under the facts alleged would impermissibly broaden the scope of La.

Civ. Code art. 1557.

A donation inter vivos is a contract by which a person, called the donor,

gratuitously divests himself, at present and irrevocably, of the thing given in favor

of another, called the donee, who accepts it. La. Civ. Code art. 1468. A donation

inter vivos may be revoked because of ingratitude of the donee. La. Civ. Code art.

1556.

Louisiana Civil Code article 1557 provides that revocation on account of

ingratitude may take place only in the following cases: ( 1) If the donee has

attempted to take the life of the donor; or ( 2) If he has been guilty towards him of

cruel treatment, crimes, or grievous injuries. ( Emphasis added.) Moreover,

Comment ( c) of La. Civ. Code art. 1557 states:

Under this Article, an act of the donee that is offensive to the donor is
not to be considered a ground for revocation of a donation unless the
offense is serious. The jurisprudence has held that cruel treatment or

grievous injury sufficient to revoke a donation may include adultery
by a spouse; filing suit against a parent falsely alleging criminal
activity; and slandering the memory of the donor. ( Citations omitted.)

As stated above, adultery by a spouse has been held to constitute cruel

treatment or grievous injury sufficient to revoke a gratuitous donation. Gorman v.

Gorman, 2016- 0332 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 1/ 10/ 17); 2017 WL 123350 at * 4

unreported), writ denied, 2017- 0397 ( La. 4/ 24/ 17); 219 So. 3d 1098; see also

Whitman v. Whitman, 31, 814 ( La. App. 2 Cir. 3/ 31/ 99); 730 So. 2d 1048, 1053.

Appellants' petition alleges Appellee committed adultery, which would clearly

constitute cruel treatment towards Jill Didier Simmons. However, the question in

this case is whether Appellees' actions constitute cruel treatment towards the

donors.

Regarding any cruel treatment directed towards donors, Appellants assert in

their petition that they " are extremely aggrieved by [ Appellee' s] egregious

behavior and flagrant betrayal of their and their daughter' s trust." Appellants

further claim to be " utterly shattered and humiliated by the ruse executed by

Appellee] and feel completely betrayed, both on their own behalf, and on behalf

of their daughter, as a result of their son- in-law' s deceit." The petition further

states that Appellee lied to Appellants " throughout the marriage."

Thus, although the petition primarily refers to Appellee' s adultery, and thus

Appellee' s cruel treatment of Jill Didier Simmons, the petition also includes

assertions that Appellee betrayed Appellants' trust, humiliated Appellants, and lied

to Appellants. However, even accepting Appellants' allegations as true, we find

that the allegations are too general and vague to state a cause of action against

Appellee for cruel treatment towards Appellants. Accordingly, we affirm the

portion of the trial court' s judgment granting Appellee' s exception of no cause of

action.

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We find, however, that the trial court should have allowed Appellants an

opportunity to amend their petition pursuant to La. Code Civ. P. art. 934.

Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 934 provides:

When the grounds of the objection pleaded by the peremptory
exception may be removed by amendment of the petition, the
judgment sustaining the exception shall order such amendment within
the delay allowed by the court. If the grounds of the objection raised
through the exception cannot be so removed, or if the plaintiff fails to
comply with the order to amend, the action, claim, demand, issue, or
theory shall be dismissed.

Pursuant to La. Code Civ. P. art. 934, if a petition fails to state a cognizable cause

of action and the grounds for the objection can be removed by amendment, the

plaintiff should be allowed to amend his demand. On the other hand, where the

grounds for the objection cannot be removed by amendment, the trial court is not

required to allow amendment. The decision to allow amendment is within the

sound discretion of the trial court. LeBlanc v. Alfred, 2015- 0397 ( La. App. 1 Cir.

12/ 17/ 15); 185 So. 3d 768, 777.

We are unable to say whether the objection pleaded by Appellee' s

peremptory exception of no cause of action may be removed by an amendment

relative to Appellants' claim for ingratitude. More information about Appellee' s

alleged cruel treatment towards Appellants is needed to make that determination.

Therefore, the portion of the judgment dismissing Appellants' suit with prejudice

is reversed and this matter is remanded to allow Appellants the opportunity to

amend their petition in accordance with La. Code Civ. P. art. 934. See Carr v.

Sanderson Farm, Inc., 2015- 0953 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 2/ 17/ 16); 189 So. 3d 450, 457-

58; Wesley v. Our Lady of Lake Hosp., Inc., 2015- 1649 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 6/ 3/ 16);

2016 WL 3127004 at * 34 (unreported); Charming Charlie, Inc. v. Perkins Rowe

Associates, L.L. C., 2011- 2254 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 7/ 10/ 12); 97 So. 3d 595, 600.

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DECREE

For the above and foregoing reasons, the Nineteenth Judicial District Court' s

judgment signed on May 21, 2019 is affirmed insofar as it sustained Mark

Randolph Simmons' s peremptory exception of no cause of action. The portion of

the judgment dismissing Belton Joseph Didier and Dare Powers Didier' s suit with

prejudice is reversed. This matter is remanded to the trial court with instructions

to issue an order granting Belton Joseph Didier and Dare Powers Didier the

opportunity to amend their petition, if possible, to state a cause of action against

Mark Randolph Simmons within a delay deemed reasonable by the trial court. All

costs of this appeal are assessed to Belton Joseph Didier and Dare Powers Didier.

AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, REMANDED WITH
INSTRUCTIONS.

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STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL
FIRST CIRCUIT

2019 CA 1100

BELTON JOSEPH DIDIER AND DARE POWERS DIDIER

VERSUS

MARK RANDOLPH SIMMONS

McDONALD, J., dissenting in part and concurring in part.

I respectfully dissent from the majority's affirmance of the judgment insofar as it

sustained Simmons' exception of no cause of action. Given that affirmance, however, I

concur with the majority's ( 1) reversal of the judgment insofar as it reversed the Didiers'

suit with prejudice and ( 2) remand of this matter to the trial court to give the Didiers the

opportunity to amend their petition.

I disagree with the majority's conclusion that the Didiers' allegations against

Simmons " are too general and vague to state a cause of action." Given the exacting

standards that govern our review of an exception of no cause of action, I think the Didiers

have indeed sufficiently alleged a cause of action for revocation of the donation because

of Simmons' ingratitude.

In their petition, the Didiers make the following pertinent allegations:

1. During Simmons' marriage to Jill, the Didiers " developed and
maintained a positive relationship with their son-in-law due, in pertinent
part, to what was, perceivably, a loving and dutiful marriage between
Simmons] and Jill." ( Petition 12)

2. " ` In consideration of [the] love and affection' they had for their
daughter and for their son- in-law based on his marriage to their daughter,"
the Didiers made donations totaling $ 400, 000 to the couple. ( Petition 13)

3. In October of 2017, Simmons confessed to having an " emotional
affair" with another woman. Simmons " vehemently denied, however, that
said emotional affair had ever become sexual. And, at that time, Jill and
the Didiers] believed him. "( Petition 14)

4. On March 7, 2018, Simmons " finally confessed] ... that he had,
indeed, lied to Jill and to [ the Didiers] throughout the marriage" regarding
his affair " which had been sexual all along." ( Petition 16)

5. Accordingly, the Didiers, " who previously trusted that [ Simmons]
was a loving and faithful husband to their daughter and, as such, held him
in high regard as their son- in- law, are extremely aggrieved by[ Simmons7

egregious behavior and flagrant betrayal of their and their daughters trust.
The Didiers] are utterly shattered and humiliated by the ruse executed by
Simmons] and feel completely betrayed, both on their own behalfand on
behalf of their daughter ...." ( Petition ¶ 8)

6. The Didiers " submit that the adulterous actions, violations of trust,
and blatant deceits perpetrated by [ Simmons], in addition to the concurrent
acrimony and stress which have resulted from the pending divorce
proceedings between [ Jill and Simmons], all constitute cruel treatment and
grievous injury amounting to ingratitude for the donations made by [ the
Didiers]. ( Petition 99)

Emphasis added.)

To state a revocation cause of action, a donor must allege that the donee has been

guilty towards the donorof cruel treatment, crimes, or grievous injury. La. C. C. art. 1557.

Grievous injuries sufficient to revoke a donation are those " naturally offensive to the

donor." Gorman v. Gorman, 16- 0332 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 1/ 10/ 17), 2017 WL 123350 * 4.

Upon our de novo review of an exception of no cause of action, we are required

to give the Didiers' allegations every reasonable interpretation in favor of maintaining the

sufficiency of their petition and affording them the opportunity to present evidence at

trial. Agrifund, LLC v. Radar Ridge Planting Co., Inc., 19- 1528 ( La. 11/ 25/ 19), 283 So. 3d

492 ( per curiam); Dumas v. Board of Ethics, 19- 0289 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 11/ 15/ 19), 290

So. 3d 1143, , writdenied, So. 3d , 2020 WL 1923065. Further, a court should

grant an exception of no cause of action only when it appears beyond doubt that the

plaintiff can prove no set offacts in support of any claim that would entitle him to relief.

Badeaux v. SW Computer Bureau, Inc., 05- 0612 ( La. 3/ 17/ 06), 929 So. 2d 1211, 1217

emphasis added).

Given the above standard, and resolving all doubt in favor of the petition, I

interpret the Didiers' above allegations to say that they: maintained a positive relationship

with Simmons during his marriage to their daughter; made the monetary donation to

Simmons in consideration of their love and affection for him as their daughter's husband;

believed him when he said his affair was only emotional; were lied to by Simmons; are

extremely aggrieved by Simmons' egregious behavior and flagrant betrayal of their trust;

are utterly shattered and humiliated by the ruse executed by Simmons and feel

completely betrayed; consider Simmons' adulterous actions, violations of trust, and

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blatant deceits as constituting cruel treatment and grievous injury amounting to

ingratitude towards them.

If interpreted this way, I think the Didiers' petition sufficiently alleges that

Simmons actions are " naturally offensive" to them, not just to their daughter, Jill.

Notably, in Me/ancon v. Garon, 14- 1532 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 4/ 24/ 15), 2015 WL 1882732 * 41

this court noted that the trial court did not err in considering one son' s grievous acts

against his mother, the mother's husband, and the mother's other son in reaching its

determination that the mother was entitled to revocation of a donation to that son. Thus,

under Me/ancon, I think a donor may rely on a donee' s acts of grievous injury to someone

other than the donor to state a revocation cause of action.

For these reasons, rather than remanding to require the Didiers to further amend

their petition, I think this court should reverse the judgment sustaining Simmons'

peremptory exception of no cause of action and remand this matter to instead afford the

Didiers the opportunity to present evidence of their revocation claim against Simmons at

a trial on the merits.

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