Jimmy Chandler v. Cajun Ready Mix Concrete, LLC and The Gray Insurance Company

STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT

2019 CA 1650

JIMMY CHANDLER

VERSUS

CAJUN READY MIX CONCRETE AND THE GRAY INSURANCE
COMPANY

Judgment rendered: 9000-12021

On Appeal from the
Office Of Workers' Compensation, District 6
In and for the Parish of Tangipahoa
State of Louisiana

OWC No. 18- 02047

R. Myles Donahue, Workers' Compensation Judge Presiding

Willie G. Johnson, Jr. Attorneys for Plaintiff/Appellant
Derek E. Elsey Jimmy Chandler
Jennifer O. Robinson
Sophia J. Riley
Dominique Lang
Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Kirk L. Landry Attorneys for Defendants/ Appellees
Virginia J. McLin The Gray Insurance Company and its
Baton Rouge, Louisiana insured, Cajun Ready Mix Concrete

BEFORE: McDONALD, McCLENDON, WELCH, HOLDRIDGE, AND
PENZATO, JJ.

c en on. fonrur5

HOLDRIDGE, J.

An employee appeals a judgment of the workers' compensation judge

WCJ) granting the employer' s " Motion to Quash Status Conference" and

dismissing the employee' s claims, without prejudice, on the basis of the

employee' s prior voluntary " partial" motion for voluntary dismissal. For the

following reasons, we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand for further

proceedings.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On April 4, 2018, the plaintiff, Jimmy Chandler, filed a disputed claim for

compensation' with the Office of Workers' Compensation, naming as defendants

Cajun Ready Mix Concrete as his employer and The Gray Insurance Company as

its insurer/administrator. The plaintiff alleged the following as bona -fide disputes:

no medical treatment had been authorized; wage benefits were terminated or

reduced on April 3, 2018; medical treatment recommended by a particular

physician was not authorized; choice of specialty physician was not authorized;

d] isability status"; vocational rehabilitation; and "[ r] efusal to authorize/ submit to

evaluation with choice of physician/ Independent Medical Examination ...."

The defendants responded to the plaintiff' s claims by filing an answer,

together with a dilatory exception raising the objections of prematurity, vagueness,

and ambiguity, and a peremptory exception raising the objection of no cause of

action.
Following a July 19, 2018 hearing, the WCJ2 sustained the defendants'

exceptions. The WCJ subsequently executed a written judgment on July 27, 2018,

sustaining the exception of no cause of action as to the plaintiff' s claim for

The claim form submitted by the plaintiff is a pre-printed document, issued by the Office of
Workers' Compensation, wherein a claimant simply has to mark the appropriate responses or fill
in the requested information where indicated. See Thomas v. Sonic, 2006- 0014 ( La. App. 1 Cir.
11/ 3/ 06), 950 So. 2d 822, 824.

2
During these initial stages of the proceedings, the WCJ was Robert Varnado.
2

vocational rehabilitation services; sustaining the exception of prematurity as to the

plaintiff' s claims for wage benefits, choice of physician, and medical treatment;

and,
sustaining the exceptions of vagueness and ambiguity as to the plaintiff' s

remaining claims regarding "[ d] isability status" and "[ r] efusal to authorize/ submit

to evaluation with choice of physician/ Independent Medical Examination"

remaining claims). In accordance with La. C. C. P. art. 933( B), the WCJ ordered

the plaintiff to amend his disputed claim for compensation with regard to his

remaining claims within fifteen days.

The plaintiff failed to file an amended disputed claim for compensation

within fifteen days as ordered by the WCJ. The WCJ issued a sua sponte rule

ordering the plaintiff to show cause why his claims should not be dismissed for

non -prosecution. On March 14, 2019, the plaintiff filed an opposition to the

dismissal of his claim for failure to prosecute, together with a motion to set trial.

Trial was set for April 29, 2019. The defendants filed a motion to vacate the trial

date, arguing that the majority of the plaintiff' s claims were dismissed by the July

27, 2018 judgment, and that La. C. C. P. art. 933( B) required the dismissal of his

remaining claims based on the plaintiff' s failure to amend his disputed claim for

compensation.

The WCJ conducted a telephone status conference on April 24, 2019. 3 The

minutes reflect that counsel for the plaintiff agreed to dismiss the pending suit and

re -file the disputed claim for compensation, and that the trial date was continued.

On April 26, 2019, the plaintiff filed a pleading titled " Voluntary Partial Motion to

Dismiss without Prejudice the April [ 4], 2018 Disputed Claim for Compensation"

3 On April 17, 2019, Judge Donahue was appointed successor WCJ to Judge Varnado to preside
over this matter.
3

voluntary motion to dismiss).' On April 29, 2019, the WCJ executed an " Order

on Voluntary Partial Motion to Dismiss without Prejudice," which provided in

pertinent part that " Plaintiff' s Voluntary Partial Motion to Dismiss Without

Prejudice" was granted, and " an order dismissing, without prejudice, all of his

allegations against in ( sic) the April [ 4], 2018, 1008 Disputed Claim for

Compensation" ( judgment on the voluntary motion to dismiss). The judgment on

the voluntary motion to dismiss further ordered that the plaintiff reserved any and

all rights or causes of actions contained within the original disputed claim for

compensation.

Subsequently, the WCJ set a telephone status conference for July 25, 2019.

The day before the telephone status conference, the defendants filed a pleading

titled " Motion to Quash Status Conference" ( motion to quash). The defendants

argued that the telephone status conference should not have been set because the

case was dismissed, " both by operation of law and by the motion for voluntary

dismissal filed by the Claimant." Thus, the defendants requested that the WCJ

grant the motion to quash and that the suit remain dismissed.

Following a September 5, 2018 hearing, the WCJ issued an oral ruling

granting the motion to quash. The WCJ further ruled that the plaintiff' s April 4,

2018 disputed claim for compensation was dismissed both by operation of law and

by the plaintiff' s voluntary motion to dismiss. The WCJ executed a written

judgment on October 1, 2019, together with written reasons prepared at the

plaintiff' s request. From this judgment, the plaintiff appeals.

RULE TO SHOW CAUSE

This Court initially issued a show cause order, ex proprio motu, as to why

this appeal should not be dismissed, because the October 1, 2019 judgment did not

4 The plaintiff' s voluntary motion to dismiss refers to the " April 9, 2018 Disputed Claim for
Compensation." However, it is apparent that this is a typographical error, and the voluntary
motion to dismiss was intended to refer to the April 4, 2018 disputed claim for compensation.
4

contain the typewritten or printed name of the judge as required by La. C. C.P. art.

1911( A). See Barajas-Meraz v. Valdovinos-Moreno, 2015- 0473 ( La. App. 1

Cir. 2/ 26/ 16), 190 So. 3d 758, 759- 60. However, after a thorough review of the

judgment, statutes, and jurisprudence, we conclude that the appeal should be

maintained.

Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 1918 mandates that a final

judgment be identified as such by appropriate language. It is well settled that a

final judgment must be precise, definite, and certain. Laird v. St. Tammany Par.

Safe Harbor, 2002- 0045, 2002- 0046 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 12/ 20/ 02), 836 So. 2d 364,

365. A final judgment must contain decretal language. Carter v. Williamson Eye

Center, 2001- 2016 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 11/ 27/ 02), 837 So. 2d 43, 44. Decretal

language must name the party in favor of whom the ruling is ordered, the party

against whom the ruling is ordered, and the relief that is granted or denied. Id.

The specific relief granted should be determinable from the judgment without

reference to other documents in the record. Laird, 836 So. 2d at 366. In the

absence of such decretal language, the ruling is not a valid final judgment, and in

the absence of a valid final judgment, this Court lacks jurisdiction. Id.

In addition to the requirements that a final judgment be identified by

appropriate language and contain decretal language, La. C. C. P. art. 1911( A) states,

in pertinent part:

Except as otherwise provided by law, every final judgment shall
contain the typewritten or printed name of the judge and be signed by
the judge. Any judgment that does not contain the typewritten or
printed name of the judge shall not be invalidated for that reason.

The plain language of La. C. C. P. art. 1911( A) thus requires the inclusion of the

typewritten or printed name of the judge in a final judgment, and simultaneously

precludes invalidation of the judgment on the basis that the typewritten or printed

name of the judge is absent.

R

In Barajas- Meraz, 190 So. 3d at 760, this Court considered a judgment that

did not contain the appropriate decretal language dismissing the plaintiff's petition

as required by La. C. C. P. art. 1918( A), and also failed to contain the typewritten or

printed name of the judge as required by La. C. C.P. art. 1911( A). This Court

wrote:

This judgment before us does not contain language dismissing
plaintiff' s petition, and it does not contain the typewritten or printed
name of the judge, which would appear to be problematic under the
decretal language rules recited above. As such, this [ C] ourt lacks
appellate jurisdiction to consider the merits of plaintiff' s appeal.

Emphasis added.)

In light of this Court' s ruling in Barajas-Meraz, if a judgment lacks both

decretal language and the typewritten or printed name of the judge, then this Court

does not have jurisdiction over this appeal. However, we find the instant case to be

distinguishable. The WCFs October 1, 2019 judgment adequately identifies the

party in favor of whom the ruling is ordered, as it states that the defendants filed

the motion and that the motion is granted. While the judgment does not refer to the

plaintiff by name, there is only one plaintiff involved in this case, and we are able

to ascertain the plaintiff' s name from the caption on the judgment as well as the

record. See Hammonds v. Reliance Ins. Co., 2006- 0540 ( La. App. 1 Cir.

12/ 28/ 06), 2006 WL 3813719, at * I ( unpublished). Further, the judgment plainly

states the specific relief that is granted, as it provides that the motion to quash is

granted and that the matter is dismissed without prejudice. The judgment at issue

therefore contains decretal languages Furthermore, under the plain language of

5 The October 1, 2019 judgment at issue provides in full:

The Motion to Quash Status Conference of Cajun Ready Mix Concrete,
LLC and The Gray Insurance Company came up for hearing, pursuant to regular
assignment, on September 5, 2019.

Present in court was the Claimant through his counsel of record and the
Defendants through their counsel of record.
6

La. C. C. P. art. 1911( A), the absence of the WCJ' s typewritten or printed name

alone does not invalidate the judgment. Therefore, although the judgment does not

contain the typewritten or printed name of the judge, finding that the judgment

contains appropriate decretal language, we maintain the appeal.

DISCUSSION

The standard of review for evidentiary rulings of a trial court is abuse of

discretion. See Hicks v. USAA General Indemnity Co., 2019- 0552 ( La. App. 1

Cir. 3/ 25/ 21), So. 3d , 2021 WL 1136210, at * 2. Questions of law are

reviewed utilizing the de novo standard of review. Newton v. St. Tammany Fire

District No. 12, 2020- 0797 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 2/ 19/ 21), So. 3d ,

2021 WL 650155, at * 2; Harold A. Asher, CPA, LLC v. Haik, 2012- 0771 ( La.

App. 4 Cir. 4/ 10/ 13), 116 So. 3d 720, 724. Moreover, it is well- settled that where

one or more trial court legal errors interdict the fact-finding process, the manifest

error standard is no longer applicable, and, if the record is otherwise complete, the

appellate court should make its own independent de novo review of the record and

determine a preponderance of the evidence. LPR, L.L.C. v. Naquin, 2020- 0847

La. App. 1 Cir. 2/ 19/ 21), 2020- 0847 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 2/ 19/ 21), So. 3d ,

2021 WL 650678, at * 3.

After reviewing the record, we find that the issue before this Court is

whether the defendants' motion to quash entitled the WCJ to dismiss the plaintiff' s

case. While a " motion to quash" is specifically recognized in the Louisiana Code

The court considered the pleadings on file, the evidence adduced, the
argument of counsel, the law, and for reasons orally assigned ruled as follows:

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the
motion to quash] is hereby GRANTED because [ the] matter is and has been
dismissed without prejudice by operation of law.

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED[,] AND DECREED, that this
matter is hereby dismissed, without prejudice, all rights reserved to the Claimant.
The court acknowledges that the Claimant filed a new suit, and the action will
move forward under the new docket number.
7

of Criminal Procedure article 5316 et seq., there is no article in the Louisiana Code

of Civil Procedure that specifically allows a " motion to quash."

Looking at the title and substance of the defendants' " Motion to Quash

Status Conference," we construe the motion as a request to " stop" or " quash" the

telephone status conference set for July 25, 2019 by the WCJ.' The reason given

to stop the telephone status conference was that the defendants presumed that the

case was voluntarily dismissed. The WCJ' s judgment that granted the motion to

quash and stopped the telephone status conference was correct if the case had been

previously dismissed. However, the WCJ erred in ruling that " IT IS FURTHER

ORDERED, ADJUDGED[,] AND DECREED, that this matter is hereby

dismissed, without prejudice[.]" A motion to quash a status conference is not a

proper pleading that is recognized by the Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure to

dismiss a case. The WCJ' s judgment creates confusion in that the reasons given

for the ruling was that the suit had previously been dismissed. If the suit was

dismissed by the WCJ' s order issued on April 29, 2019, there is no reason for the

WCJ to dismiss the suit again.' If the case was not dismissed in its entirety by the

WCJ order on April 29, 2019, a motion to quash would not be the proper

procedural vehicle to have the entire case dismissed.

Accordingly, we find that the WCJ erred in dismissing this case in response

to the defendants' " Motion to Quash Status Conference." If the case was

previously dismissed, it remains dismissed. If it is not dismissed, the defendants'

6 Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure article 531 states that "[ a] ll pleas or defenses raised
before trial, other than mental incapacity to proceed, or pleas of `not guilty' and of `not guilty
and not guilty by reason of insanity,' shall be urged by a motion to quash."

7 The Louisiana Supreme Court recognized that "[ p] leadings should be interpreted according to
their true meaning and effect in order to do substantial justice, rather than interpreted according
to their caption." Alcorn v. City of Baton Rouge ex rel. Baton Rouge Police Dept., 2003- 2682
La. 1/ 16/ 04), 863 So. 2d 517, 519 ( per curiam).

8 The date of the dismissal, as well as the appeal delays, would be in question if there were two
dismissal judgments of the same suit.
8

motion to quash should not dismiss the case. Therefore, we do find that the WCJ

was correct and did not abuse its discretion in granting the defendants' " Motion to

Quash Status Conference" since there would be no reason to hold a status

conference if the case had been previously dismissed. However, we reverse in part

the October 1, 2019 judgment that dismissed the matter, as a new judgment of

dismissal is not needed if the case had been previously dismissed. We remand to

9
the Office of Workers' Compensation for further proceedings, if necessary.

CONCLUSION

The October 1, 2019 judgment is affirmed in part, reversed in part, and

remanded to the Office of Workers' Compensation. The costs of this appeal are to

be shared equally by the parties.

AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND REMANDED.

9 If necessary, we note that this judgment does not preclude the parties from filing other
pleadings ( such as a peremptory exception raising the objection of mootness or an action for
declaratory judgment) to recognize that this suit is dismissed if it has in fact been dismissed. If
the case was not previously dismissed, the WCJ should proceed with the remaining issues that
are viable.

9