State Of Louisiana v. Kevin Michael Quatrevingt

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT
AX '\
2019 KA 1307

STATE OF LOUISIANA

VERSUS

KEVIN MICHAEL QUATREVINGT

Judgment rendered: JUN 2 4 2020

On Appeal from the
Twenty -Second Judicial District Court
In and for the Parish of St. Tammany
State of Louisiana
No. 603891, Div. " I"

The Honorable Reginald T. Badeaux, III, Judge Presiding

Warren L. Montgomery Attorneys for Appellee
District Attorney State of Louisiana
Matthew Caplan

Assistant District Attorney
Covington, Louisiana

Stephanie Wald Attorney for Defendant/Appellant
Katherine M. Franks Kevin M. Quatrevingt
Covington, Louisiana

BEFORE: McCLENDON, WELCH, AND HOLDRIDGE, M.

HOLDRIDGE, J.

The defendant, Kevin Michael Quatrevingt, was charged by bill of

information with failure to register as a sex offender, second offense, a violation of

La. R. S. 15: 542 and 15: 542. 1. 4( A)(2). The defendant pled not guilty. The

defendant subsequently filed a motion to quash the bill of information on the

grounds of double jeopardy. Following a hearing on the matter, the district court

granted the motion to quash. The State now appeals, designating three

assignments of error.
We reverse the ruling of the district court granting the
defendant' s motion to quash and remand for further proceedings.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

As the State notes in its brief, the procedural posture of the instant matter is

based largely on the outcome of a previous decision by this Court in Quatrevingt

v. State through Landry, 2017- 0884 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 2/ 8/ 18), 242 So. 3d 625,

writ denied, 2018- 0391 ( La. 4/ 27/ 18), 239 So. 3d 837. In Landry, the defendant

as plaintiff) sought an injunction to cease any attempts to require him to register

as a sex offender and any attempts to arrest him for failure to register as such.

The following pertinent facts are drawn from the Landry decision. On

January 24, 2006, in Military Court in the State of Texas, the defendant pled guilty
to one count of conduct prejudicial to good order and discipline or of a nature to

bring discredit upon the armed forces under Article 134 of the Uniform Code of

Military Justice. The charge arose from possession of child pornography, resulting

in his conviction and incarceration for approximately nine months in Texas. He

was released in October of 2006. Upon his release from incarceration for his

military conviction, the defendant was given notice by the federal government of

his obligation to register as a sex offender in any state in which he would reside.

On October 21, 2006, the defendant returned to Louisiana and was notified by the
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State that he was required to register as a Tier I sex offender. The defendant was

arrested in St. Tammany Parish on May 7, 2007, for failing to register as a sex

offender between November 8, 2006, and May 3, 2007. In November of 2008, he

pled guilty to the offense and was sentenced to serve two years at hard labor.

Landry, 242 So. 3d at 629.

On April 22, 2010, the Department of Public Safety and Corrections,

through Public Safety Services, Office of State Police, Bureau of Criminal

Identification and Information ( Bureau), provided written notice to the defendant

that the Bureau had determined that his military conviction was comparable to and

would equate to a conviction or adjudication of possession, production and/ or

distribution of child pornography pursuant to La. R. S. 14: 81. 1. The Bureau

explained that pursuant to La. R. S. 15: 544 and La. R.S. 15: 542. 1, the defendant

was determined to be a Tier II offender, which required him to register in

Louisiana for a period of twenty-five years from the date of his initial registration

and perform in-person registration renewals every six months. The notice set forth

the manner the defendant could appeal the Bureau' s determination by submitting a

written request for an administrative hearing pursuant to La. R.S. 49: 950, et seq.,

within one year from the Bureau posting its determination on the State Sex

Offender and Child Predator Registry ( Registry). The Bureau posted its

determination regarding the defendant on April 22, 2010. The defendant did not

submit a request for an administrative appeal. Landry, 242 So. 3d at 629- 30.

On June 14, 2010, the defendant was arrested in St. Tammany Parish for a

second offense of failing to register as a sex offender between May 17, 2010, and
June 14, 2010. In October of 2013, the defendant filed a motion to quash the

prosecution against him in the 22nd Judicial District Court for St. Tammany Parish
22nd JDC criminal case). On February 6, 2014, following a hearing on the

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matter, Judge Martin Coady granted the motion, ruling that the military conviction

of the defendant was not comparable to a sex offense in Louisiana. Landry, 242

So. 3d at 630.

The defendant then sought to have his name removed from the Registry and

the sex offender label removed from his driver' s license. The Bureau refused to

remove his name from the Registry, and the defendant filed in the 22nd JDC

criminal case a motion for clarification and request for order for removal from the

Registry. On July 17, 2014, the district court determined that it had no jurisdiction

to have the defendant' s name removed from the Registry and denied relief therein.

Landry, 242 So. 3d at 630.

On September 16, 2015, the defendant, seeking to have his name removed

from the Registry, filed a petition for writ of mandamus and declaratory judgment

in the 22nd JDC for St. Tammany Parish. The State filed several exceptions, and

the district court sustained the declinatory exceptions raising the objections of

improper subject matter jurisdiction and improper venue, stating that any concerns

regarding the Registry were to be brought in the 19th JDC. The defendant filed a

writ application with this Court, which was denied. The Supreme Court

subsequently denied the writ. Landry, 242 So.3d at 630.

On January 27, 2017, the defendant filed an " Emergency Petition for

Extraordinary Relief in the Nature of a Writ of Mandamus, Temporary Restraining

Order, Stay Order, and Preliminary Injunction" in the 19th JDC, Parish of East

Baton Rouge.
The defendant sought to enjoin the Attorney General from ignoring

Judge Coady' s ruling in the 22nd JDC criminal case, to cease any and all present

or future attempt to require him to register as a sex offender, and to cease any and

all present or future attempt to arrest him for failing to register as a sex offender or

any other sex offender related arrest. Landry, 242 So. 3d at 630- 31.

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The State, inter alia, filed a peremptory exception raising the objection of

peremption.
At the April 10, 2017 hearing on the matter, the district court granted

the peremptory exception raising the objection of peremption and dismissed the

defendant' s petition with prejudice. The defendant appealed. Landry, 242 So. 3d

at 631. In ultimately determining that the defendant remained obligated to register

as a sex offender, this Court in Landry, 242 So. 3d at 635, found:

The trial court properly applied the applicable rules of

peremption in determining that Appellant' s time period in which to
appeal the Bureau' s determination pursuant to La. R.S. 15: 542. 1. 3
expired and his right to challenge the Bureau' s determination
extinguished. " With peremptive statutes, after the limit of time
expires, the cause of action no longer exists; it is lost." Public policy
requires that rights to which peremptive periods attach are

extinguished after passage of a specific period of time, and

accordingly, nothing may interfere with the running of a peremptive
period.
The peremptive period may not be interrupted or suspended
or renounced, and exceptions such as contra non valentem are not
applicable.

The evidence introduced in the record is that Appellant did not
administratively appeal the Bureau' s determination within the one
year peremptive period provided by La. R.S. 15: 542. 1. 3( B)( 4). The
right to challenge the classification determination was lost and his
right was extinguished.
Therefore, the trial court' s granting of the
peremptory exception raising the objection of peremption filed by
DPSC was correct. [ citations omitted.]

On March 27, 2018, shortly after the Landry decision was handed down, the

defendant was arrested for failure to register as a sex offender, second offense on

or about March 23, 2018. The defendant filed a motion to quash on the grounds of

double jeopardy. At a hearing on the matter on July 3, 2019, Judge Reginald T.

Badeaux, III granted the motion to quash the bill of information, ruling as follows:

And I' ve got to tell you, I find Judge [ Coady] reasons for doing so are
very cogent and sagacious.
He studied the statute under which Mr. Quatrevingt pled while
in the military and found that it was just a general article. I' m not sure
what that means, but I do understand the part where he says that what
he pled to was not a specific offense that would align with our
reporting duties here in the state.
I do believe that this Court has jurisdiction in the Twenty -
Second to consider this matter. And if not in the interest of res
judicata, I' m not so sure that applies to the criminal proceedings, but I
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would say in the interest of maintaining judicial consistency, I can' t
find anything wrong with Judge [ Coady] reasoning.
And for the same reasons as him, I' m going to quash the bill of
information.

The State appeals this ruling, raising three assignments of error.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

In its three related assignments of error, the State argues, respectively, the

district court erred in granting the motion to quash based on a claim not advanced

in the defendant' s motion to quash; the district court erred in granting the motion

to quash based on a claim the defendant did not have a right to assert because his

right to challenge the classification determination was lost and his right was

extinguished; and the district court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to address the

correctness of the Bureau' s determination.

In the first assignment of error, the State argues that the defendant' s claim of

double jeopardy was neither addressed nor relied upon in Judge Badeaux' s ruling
to grant the motion to quash. The Court shall hear no objection based on grounds

not stated in the motion to quash. La. Code Crim. P. art. 536; State v.

Beauchamp, 510 So. 2d 22, 27 n.3 ( La. App. 1st Cir.), writ denied, 512 So. 2d 1176

La. 1987); State v. Severin, 2012- 0205 ( La. App. 4th Cir. 10/ 17/ 12), 2012 WL

6619009, at * 3 ( unpublished). The defendant' s current motion to quash is based

on Judge Coady' s ruling on a motion to quash in February of 2014. In his brief

reasons for granting the motion to quash, Judge Coady stated:

The Court has looked to the prior military justice offense. He
was charged under Article 134 of the Uniform Code of Military
Justice. In examining actually what he pled guilty to, he pled guilty to
it under the general article, not to a specific crime which would
enunciate a sex offense.

Therefore, I don' t know --- it was argued notice of many other
arguments, I am rejecting all of those in the quash, but however the
fundamental flaw, I believe in the State' s case is the underlying
charge in which they are trying to have Mr. Quatrevingt register.

R

In his ruling on July 3, 2019, Judge Badeaux found Judge Coady' s reasons

compelling because Judge Coady had studied the military statute under which the

defendant was charged and found that the military statute and the Louisiana

criminal statute ( La. R.S. 14: 81. 1) were not comparable. Finding nothing " wrong

with Judge Co[ a] dy' s reasoning," Judge Badeaux granted the motion to quash.

It appears that Judge Badeaux neither addressed nor based his ruling on the

defendant' s sole claim of double jeopardy. Whether Judge Badeaux' s ruling

implicitly found that the defendant' s double jeopardy argument had merit is not
clear.
At any rate, we find there was no double jeopardy violation in the instant
matter. The defendant herein was charged with failure to register as a sex

offender, second offense. His only conviction was for his first violation for failure

to register in 2006 and 2007. On his second violation for failure to register in

2010, even though he was charged, he was never convicted because of the granting

of the motion to quash by Judge Coady. Landry, 242 So.3d at 629- 30.

Double jeopardy provisions protect an accused not only from a second

prosecution for the same offense, but also multiple punishments for the same

criminal act. U.S. Const. amend. V; La. Const. art. 1, § 15; La. Code Crim. P. art.

591; State v. Martin, 2011- 1843 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 5/ 2/ 12), 92 So. 3d 1027, 1030,

writ denied, 2012- 1244 ( La. 11/ 9/ 12), 100 So. 3d 836. See Blockburger v. United

States, 284 U.S. 299, 52 S. Ct. 180, 76 L.Ed. 306 ( 1932); State v. Frank, 2016-

1160 ( La. 10/ 18/ 17), 234 So. 3d 27, 33- 34 ( finding protections against double

jeopardy fall within the analytical framework set forth in Blockburger and

Louisiana courts need apply only that framework in analyzing questions of double

jeopardy).

It is well settled that an accused who commits separate and distinct offenses

during the same criminal episode or transaction may be prosecuted and convicted
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for each offense without violating the prohibition against double jeopardy. State

v. Staden, 2014- 0459 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 9/ 24/ 14), 154 So. 3d 579, 584, writ denied,

2014- 2254 ( La. 6/ 5/ 15), 171 So. 3d 945. Each time the defendant in the instant

case failed to register as a sex offender, it was a separate and distinct act. See

State v. Urena, 2013- 1286 ( La. App. 3rd Cir. 5/ 7/ 14), 161 So. 3d 701, 707- 08, writ

denied, 2014- 1603 ( La. 4/ 10/ 15), 164 So. 3d 829.

The Blockburger test does not support the defendant' s assertion of double

jeopardy. See State v. Murray, 2000- 1258 ( La. 9/ 18/ 01), 799 So. 2d 453, 455- 56

per curiam).
The defendant was charged with committing the crime of failure to

register as a sex offender on two distinct occasions, each punishable separately.

Accordingly, he was never placed in double jeopardy. See State v. Monroe, 2010-

0194 ( La. App. 4th Cir. 12/ 8/ 10), 53 So. 3d 626, 633, writ denied, 2011- 0061 ( La.

5/ 6/ 11), 62 So. 3d 123.

Moreover, if it is the defendant' s assertion that following the February 6,

2014 granting of his motion to quash the bill of information for failure to register

as a sex offender, second offense, he was placed in double jeopardy when he had to

file the second motion to quash in the instant matter over the same issue, then this

argument is equally without merit. Since the first motion to quash was granted, the

defendant was never convicted for failure to register as a sex offender, second

offense.
Accordingly, he has not been placed in double jeopardy in this matter

because, regarding the instant offense, he has not been placed in jeopardy even
once.
That is, the defendant had never been put in jeopardy in the first instance for

the charge of failure to register as a sex offender, second offense, because there

was no trial on the matter.
Under Louisiana law, jeopardy attaches when the jury

panel is sworn in a criminal jury trial. La. Code Crim. P. art. 592; State v.

Davenport, 2013- 1859 ( La. 5/ 7/ 14), 147 So. 3d 137, 142.

LOV

Based on the foregoing, we find the district court erred in its ruling on the

motion to quash based solely on the ground of double jeopardy. Accordingly, the

granting of the defendant' s motion to quash is reversed. Because our finding of no

double jeopardy violation resolves the motion to quash issue, the State' s other

assignments of error herein are pretermitted. We remand this matter to the district

court for further proceedings.

MOTION TO QUASH RULING REVERSED; REMANDED.

E