State of Louisiana in the Interest of D.F..

STATE OF LOUISIANA IN * NO. 2020-CA-0372
THE INTEREST OF D.F.
*
COURT OF APPEAL
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FOURTH CIRCUIT
*
STATE OF LOUISIANA
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APPEAL FROM
JUVENILE COURT ORLEANS PARISH
NO. 2019-319-03-DQ-C, SECTION “C”
Honorable Candice Bates Anderson, Judge
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Judge Joy Cossich Lobrano
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(Court composed of Judge Daniel L. Dysart, Judge Joy Cossich Lobrano, Judge
Dale N. Atkins)

Leon Cannizzaro
District Attorney
DISTRICT ATTORNEY’S OFFICE, PARISH OF ORLEANS
Donna Andrieu
Irena Zajickova
Assistant District Attorneys
619 South White Street
New Orleans, LA 70118

COUNSEL FOR THE STATE

Gregory M. Thompson
ATTORNEY AT LAW
1100 Poydras Street
Suite 2900
New Orleans, LA 70163

Katherine M. Franks
LOUISIANA APPELLATE PROJECT
P.O. Box 220
Madisonville, LA 70447

COUNSEL FOR D.F./APPELLANT

AMENDED; AFFIRMED AS AMENDED.
NOVEMBER 12, 2020

JCL, DLD, DNA Juvenile, D.F. (“D.F.”), has filed the instant appeal arguing that

insufficient evidence exists to find him guilty of aggravated kidnapping of one of

the two victims involved in the incident described below. In addition, he argues

that the disposition for this crime did not comply with La. Ch.C. art. 897.1 (D) and

must be amended. After reviewing the appellate record and applicable law, we find

sufficient evidence to affirm the conviction for aggravated kidnapping. Regarding

the dispositions imposed for both counts of aggravated kidnapping, we amend the

dispositions accordingly.

The State filed a delinquency petition with nine counts: two counts of armed

robbery (La. R.S. 14:64); one count of aggravated battery (La. R.S. 14:34); two

counts of aggravated kidnaping (La. R.S. 14:44); two counts of aggravated assault

with a firearm (La. R.S. 14:37.4); one count of illegal use of weapons by

discharging a weapon during the commission of a crime of violence (La. R.S.

14:95(F)); and one count of illegal possession of a handgun by a juvenile (La. R.S.

14:95.8).

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D.F. entered a not true plea to the charges and his adjudication hearing took

place on March 10, 2020. After hearing the evidence, the juvenile court judge

adjudicated D.F. delinquent as to all counts.1 The disposition judgment also

provided: “State notes that pursuant to Ch.C. art. 897.1 for aggravated kidnaping,

the Court cannot modify the disposition of Juvenile Life.” D.F. filed this timely

appeal.

The facts are not in dispute. In the early morning hours of November 5,

2019, two men, B.S. and F.B., were sleeping in B.S.’s car, a Ford Fusion

(“Fusion”), in the parking lot of Walmart in Algiers, Louisiana. F.B. awoke and

saw five males (“perpetrators”) approach his car, a 2014 Buick that was parked

next to the Fusion. He testified that at least three of the perpetrators were carrying

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COUNT CRIME DISPOSITIONS
Count 1 La. R.S. 14:64 Armed Robbery (Ford Fusion - B.S.) Age 21
Count 2 La. R.S. 14:64 Armed Robbery (Phone - F.B.) Age 21
Count 3 La. R.S. 14:34 Aggravated Battery (B.S.) Age 21
Count 4 La. R.S. 14:44 Aggravated Kidnaping (B.S.) Age 21
Count 5 La. R.S. 14:44 Aggravated Kidnaping (F.B.) Age 21
Count 6 La. R.S. 14:37.4 Aggravated Assault with a Firearm (B.S.) 4 years
Count 7 La. R.S. 14:37.4 Aggravated Assault with a Firearm (F.B.) 4 years
Count 8 La. R.S. 14:95(F) Illegal Use of Weapons by Discharging a 6 months
Firearm During a Crime of Violence
Count 9 La. R.S. 14:95.8 Illegal Possession of a Handgun by a 6 months
Juvenile

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guns. He heard noises as the perpetrators broke into the Buick. Both victims were

awakened as the perpetrators approached the Fusion and, with guns drawn,

gestured for the two men to get out of the Fusion. The victims were directed into

the back of the Buick. The perpetrators rummaged through the Fusion. They then

forced the victims into the backseat of the Fusion with B.S. sitting on top of F.B.

All five perpetrators got in afterward. The victims were told to put their heads

down and, with guns against their heads, the perpetrators informed the victims they

were going to kill them. The perpetrator behind the wheel of the Fusion, later

identified as D.F., drove out of the Walmart parking lot to a location near Timber

Court and Tullis Road. The perpetrators rummaged through the car’s center

console and glove compartment. They located B.S.’s wallet and removed

approximately $120.00 from it. After ascertaining that the various credit cards

were of no value, they discarded the credit cards and wallet in the street, along with

clothing found in the vehicle along with B.S.’s cell phone once a Chase Bank debit

card was discovered in a slot on the back of the phone.

The perpetrators drove to Chase Bank to see if they could obtain money

from B.S.’s bank account using the debt card. Once there, D.F. attempted to use

the ATM but did not know how. Another of the perpetrators walked him through

the process and asked B.S. for the pin number. B.S. initially gave him the wrong

number and when it did not work, the perpetrator became angry, struck B.S. on the

head with his gun, and demanded the correct number. B.S. complied but D.F. was

unable to withdraw $200.00. The perpetrators questioned B.S. who stated that he

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had about $90.00 in the bank. They ultimately withdrew $80.00 and divided it up

among themselves. While D.F. was making the ATM transaction, both victims

were handcuffed behind their backs.

The perpetrators then drove toward the Mississippi River levee and

attempted to reach the top, again telling the victims that they were going die.

However, midway up the levee, the car got stuck. The perpetrators told the victims

to get out of the car and run. Both victims heard shots fired behind them; the first

shot came very close to them. They continued to run toward a light they could see

in the distance. When they reached a shipyard, the source of the light, they banged

on the door but no one answered. Eventually they located an intercom and asked if

they could come inside. While the occupants did not let them in, the police were

called.

Officer Len Major was the first officer to arrive. He located the handcuffed

men behind the levee. He removed the handcuffs and put them in the back of his

police unit to get warm. After interviewing them, he learned that, although he was

initially dispatched to the shipyard in the 4500 block of Patterson Road, the

incident began in the Walmart parking lot. The victims stated that they were driven

in the Fusion to a location near Timber Court and Tullis Road before going to

Chase Bank. At the Timber Court location, numerous articles of clothing, several

credit cards, and a phone were in the street. Once the items were photographed, the

victims were allowed to collect their belongings.

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After clearing the Timber Court scene, Officer Major dropped the victims

off at Brother’s, a convenience store in the area. Lastly, he returned to the levee

and unsuccessfully canvassed the area for shell casings.

B.S.’s car was recovered in Jefferson Parish; it had overheated due to a large

hole in the radiator. State Trooper Lance Kramer was at a nearby Shell station

getting gas when he saw the Fusion come to a stop near the intersection of Terry

Parkway and the Westbank Expressway with smoke pouring out of it. He made a

U-turn in order to approach the disabled car and saw four individuals running

toward the levee. He called in the license plate number and, upon learning the car

had been involved in an armed robbery, he reported its location.

Detective Tianay Marshall was the lead detective. She collected surveillance

videos from Walmart, Chase Bank, and a third crime camera. From the Chase

ATM footage, she recognized D.F. who she knew from previous incidents. She

also learned that one of the other perpetrators was D.F.’s adult brother. The victims

were shown photo-lineups the day after the incident. B.S. could not identify D.F.

from the photo-lineup, but identified him at D.F.’s adjudication hearing. F.B.

identified both D.F. and his brother from the photo-lineup and identified D.F. at

trial.

D.F.’s mother testified at trial. A photo from a crime camera depicting a

tattoo on an arm was shown to her and she identified it as her son’s arm. She also

identified him from a photo from Chase Banks’s surveillance video.

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ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR 2

We first address D.F.’s second assignment of error. D.F. argues that the

evidence is insufficient to support the disposition of aggravated kidnaping as to

F.B. because nothing of value was taken from F.B. during the armed robbery

event.

The Louisiana Supreme Court set forth the following standard of review of

the sufficiency of the evidence:

When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to support a
conviction, Louisiana appellate courts are controlled by the standard
enunciated in Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61
L.Ed.2d 560 (1979). Under this standard, the appellate court “must
determine that the evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the
prosecution, was sufficient to convince a rational trier of fact that all
of the elements of the crime had been proved beyond a reasonable
doubt.” State v. Neal, 00-0674, (La. 6/29/01), 796 So.2d 649, 657
(citing State v. Captville, 448 So.2d 676, 678 (La. 1984)).

State v. Brown, 03-0897, p. 22 (La. 4/12/05), 907 So.2d 1, 18.

D.F. states that the offense of aggravated kidnaping is more than the forced

transportation of a person from one place to another. It also involves compelling

the person to surrender something of value in the hope of obtaining release. D.F.

agrees that B.S. was compelled to provide his debit card and pin number for the

perpetrators to obtain money from his bank account. However, D.F. argues that the

extortion element of aggravated kidnaping does not apply to F.B.

In response, the State disagrees and contends that it proved aggravated

kidnapping as to F.B. because something of value was taken from B.S.to secure the

victims’ release. We agree.

Aggravated kidnapping, found in La. R.S. 14:44, states in pertinent part:

Aggravated kidnapping is the doing of any of the following acts
with the intent thereby to force the victim, or some other person to
give up anything of apparent present or prospective value, or to grant

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any advantage or immunity, in order to secure a release of the person
under the offender’s actual or apparent control:

(1) The forcible seizing and carrying of any person from one
place or another[.]

(Emphasis added.)

Aggravated kidnapping is a specific intent crime. Proof of intent to extort

can be shown by “analyzing whether a reasonable person in the victim’s position

would believe that [he] would not be safely released unless [he] complied with the

kidnapper’s demands.” State v. Amos, 15-0954, p. 8 (La.App. 4 Cir. 4/6/16), 192

So.3d 822, 828 (citing State v. Arnold, 548 So.2d 920, 924 (La. 1989)).

The facts demonstrate that both victims were placed in the back of the

Fusion with orders to keep their heads down. The perpetrators put guns to their

heads and threatened their lives. They drove to Chase Bank where B.S. was forced

to reveal his pin number so money could be taken from his checking account. All

the while, F.B. remained in the vehicle with a gun to his head. A reasonable person

could believe that F.B. would both be released if money was removed from B.S.’s

bank account; conversely, had no money been available, it was reasonable to

believe that both victims would die.

In State v. Hawthorne, 15-0675, p. 7, n. 6 (La.App. 4 Cir. 8/10/16), 2016

WL 4211361 (unpub.), we stated:

See State v. Leger, 2005-0011, p. 96 (La. 7/10/06), 936 So.2d 108,
173 (quoting State v. Arnold, 548 So.2d 920)) (“[T]he question and
issue to be focused on is whether the D.F. sought to obtain something
of value, be it sex or money or loss of simple human dignity, by
playing upon the victim’s fear and hope of eventual release in order to
gain compliance with his demands.”).

Here, something of value was taken from B.S. (“some other person”), which

played on F.B.’s hopes and fears of eventual release dependent on B.S.’s

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compliance with D.F.’s demands. Therefore, as to F.B., the State presented

sufficient evidence to support the juvenile court’s finding that D.F. was guilty of

aggravated kidnapping. This assignment of error has no merit.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR 1

D.F. next argues that the juvenile court erred when it sentenced him for the

aggravated kidnapping of B.S. because it violated La. Ch.C. art. 897.1 (D). The

statute states that juveniles in secure care for an adjudication for a violation of La.

R.S. 14:44 [aggravated kidnapping], “shall be eligible for modification of the

disposition after serving thirty-six months of the disposition.” However, in this

case, the judgment of disposition provided that, pursuant to “Article 897.1 for

aggravated kidnapping, the Court cannot not modify the disposition of Juvenile

Life.” Clearly, the juvenile court erred.2

We, therefore, amend the dispositions for both counts of aggravated

kidnapping to remove the restriction imposed by the juvenile court and add that

D.F. is eligible for modification of the dispositions after 36 months. See State in

Interest of H.L.F., 97-2651, p. 6 (La.App. 4 Cir. 5/20/98), 713 So.2d 810, 813

(citation omitted) (“[w]here the defect in [disposition] does not involve the

exercise of discretion, the [disposition] may be corrected on appeal by amendment

rather than remand.”).

Based on the foregoing, we affirm the disposition of aggravated kidnapping

as to F.B. In addition, we amend the dispositions for both counts of aggravated

kidnapping to remove the language that pursuant to “Article 897.1 for aggravated

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The State contends that D.F. did not object to the disposition at the time of sentencing and,
therefore, did not preserve the issue on appeal. While we appreciate the State’s position, we
disagree. If D.F. has not raised the issue on appeal, we would have corrected the dispositions
based on an error patent review. Therefore, the State’s argument has not merit.

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kidnapping, the Court cannot not modify the disposition of Juvenile Life,” and

provide that D.F. is eligible for modification of the dispositions after 36 months.

AMENDED; AFFIRMED AS AMENDED.

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