Guy Lecompte v. St. Tammany Parish School Board

STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT

2020 CA 0333

GUY LECOMPTE

womw

DATE OF JUDGMENT: APR 2 6 2021

ON APPEAL FROM THE OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION,
DISTRICT 6, NUMBER 17- 01752, PARISH OF ST. TAMMANY
STATE OF LOUISIANA

HONORABLE DIANE R. LUNDEEN, JUDGE

Julie Quinn Counsel for Plaintiff A
- ppellee
Justin Alsterberg Guy LeCompte
Emily S. Hardin
Baton Rouge, Louisiana

David S. Pittman Counsel for Defendant -Appellant
Shane A. Jordon St. Tammany Parish School Board
Janna C. Bergeron
Covington, Louisiana

BEFORE: WHIPPLE, C.J., McCLENDON, WELCH, CHUTZ, AND HESTER, JJ.

lqe- 5- f e- r. 7: 5- Con c,.., , ,

Disposition: REVERSED AND REMANDED.

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CHUTZ, I

Appellant, the St. Tammany Parish School Board ( School Board), appeals a

judgment of the Office of Workers' Compensation ( OWC) dismissing, with

prejudice, the claim of appellee, Guy LeCompte, wherein he alleged he was injured

as a result of workplace exposure to toxic mold. The OWC concluded it lacked

subject matter jurisdiction because no accident had occurred and LeCompte did not

establish he suffered from an occupational disease. For the following reasons, we

reverse.

FACT AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

On March 23, 2017, LeCompte was employed as a teacher, coach, and athletic

director at Mandeville High School. On that date, he filed a disputed claim for

workers' compensation indemnity and medical benefits against his employer, the

School Board. LeCompte alleged that "[ t] oxic mold and other contaminants located

in [ the] Athletic [ Department] facility were ignored for years[,] resulting in [ him]

contracting Mycotoxin toxicity seriously affecting his immune system [ and]

resulting in neurological problems." The School Board denied all the allegations in

LeCompte' s disputed claim. The School Board further asserted " the Claimant' s

alleged problem, injury or disability is not related to any work-related accidents or

injuries, and he has not suffered any occupational disease as alleged by him."

Thereafter, LeCompte filed a tort suit in the 22nd Judicial District Court

against the School Board based on mold exposure. The School Board filed an

exception of lis pendens in the district court proceeding, pointing out that

LeCompte' s workers' compensation claim was filed first. Following a hearing, the

district court opined that the OWC should determine those matters within its

exclusive jurisdiction, including the issues of whether there was an accident or

whether an occupational disease existed. On March 21, 2018, the district court

signed a judgment overruling the School Board' s exception of lis pendens to the
2

extent it requested dismissal of LeCompte' s tort suit, but sustained the exception to

the extent of staying the district court proceedings pending the outcome of the

workers' compensation proceedings.

Subsequently, LeCompte filed a motion for declaratory judgment in the OWC

seeking a declaration that the OWC lacked jurisdiction over his mold -exposure claim

because the claim did not arise under the Workers' Compensation Act (WCA). ' The

matter was set for a show cause hearing. Following the hearing, the OWC signed a

judgment holding that it " lack[ ed] the subject matter jurisdiction to hear Guy

LeCompte' s claims for damages for alleged mold exposure." The judgment also

dismissed LeCompte' s workers' compensation claim, with prejudice.

The School Board now appeals, arguing the OWC erred in finding it lacked

subject matter jurisdiction over LeCompte' s mold -exposure workers' compensation

claim.

DISCUSSION

Subject matter jurisdiction is " the legal power and authority of a court to hear

and determine a particular class of actions or proceedings, based upon the object of

the demand, the amount in dispute, or the value of the right asserted." La. C. C. P.

art. 2. ( Emphasis added.) Although district courts generally have original

jurisdiction over all civil matters, an exception exists in the case of workers'

compensation matters when the law so provides. See La. Const. Art. 5, § 16( A)( 1);

Broussard Physical Therapy v. Family Dollar Stores, Inc., 08- 1013 ( La. 12/ 2/ 08),

5 So. 3d 812, 815; Taylor v. Hanson North America, 08- 2282 ( La. App. 1st Cir.

8/ 4/ 09), 21 So. 3d 963, 967. Specifically, under La. R.S. 23: 1310. 3( F), the OWC is

granted jurisdiction over " claims or disputes arising out of the WCA. Broussard,

5 So. 3d at 817.

Louisiana Revised Statutes 23: 1020. 1, et seq.

3

In order for an employee to receive workers' compensation benefits under the

WCA, he has the burden of proving either that he received personal injury by

accident arising out of and in the course and scope of his employment or that he

contracted an occupational disease. La. R.S. 23: 1031( A); 23: 1031. 1( A); Dunn v.

Riverview Medical Center, 01- 1521 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 6/ 21/ 02), 822 So. 2d 736, 737,

writ denied, 02- 1977 ( La. 10/ 25/ 02), 827 So. 2d 1159; see Ruffin a Poland

Enterprises, L.L.C., 06- 0244 ( La. App. 4th Cir. 12/ 13/ 06), 946 So. 2d 695, 698- 99,

writ denied, 07- 0314 (La. 4/ 20/ 07), 954 So.2d 163. In this case, there is no allegation

that LeCompte suffered an accident within the meaning of the WCA. Therefore, to

establish his injury or disease falls within the coverage of the WCA, he must prove

the alleged workplace mold exposure caused him to suffer an occupational disease.

An occupational disease is defined by statute as a " disease or illness which is due to

causes and conditions characteristic of and peculiar to the particular trade,

occupation, process, or employment in which the employee is exposed to such

disease." La. R. S. 23: 1031. 1( B). ( Emphasis added.)

In the instant case, the OWC concluded LeCompte did not suffer from an

occupational disease because, as several cases have found with respect to clerical

work,2 exposure to mold was not characteristic of or peculiar to the nature of

LeCompte' s employment as a teacher, coach, and athletic director. The OWC

appears to have equated LeCompte' s employment to clerical work. In written

reasons for judgment, the OWC explained its conclusion as follows:

To determine if a mold exposure case is covered by the [ WCA], one
must evaluate whether mold spores are conditions characteristic of and
peculiar to the particular trade, occupation, process, or employment in
which the employee is exposed to such disease. [ Footnote omitted.]

2 See e. g. Lyle v. Brock Services, LLC, 18- 50 ( La. App. 5th Cir. 7/ 31/ 18), 252 So. 3d 1010, 1018-
19 ( the claimant failed to establish she suffered from an occupational disease because the medical
condition she developed as a result of workplace mold exposure was not characteristic of and
peculiar to her employment as a clerical worker); Ruffin, 946 So. 2d at 700 ( injuries and illnesses
resulting from mold exposure in a clerical job do not fall under the definition of an occupational
disease as provided in La. R. S. 23: 1031. 1).

Cl

Mold exposure cases for clerical workers do not fall within the
definition of either category [ accident or occupational disease]. There
is no basis in the statutory language [ of La. R.S. 23: 1031 and 1031. 1]
or reasonable explanation as to why exposure to mold or mold spores
could be considered " characteristic of and peculiar to" clerical work.

Therefore, Mr. LeCompte' s claims are outside of the Louisiana
Workers' Compensation Court' s coverage, and the court has no
jurisdiction over his claims for injuries.

As the OWC correctly recognized, to determine whether an occupational

disease exists, courts must look to an employee' s work-related duties and the nature

of his employment to determine whether a disease is due to causes and conditions

characteristic of and peculiar to" the employee' s particular occupation. Arrant v.

Graphic Packaging International, Inc., 13- 2878 ( La. 5/ 5/ 15), 169 So. 3d 296, 309;

see Lyle, 252 So. 3d at 1014 and 1016. Moreover, expert evidence generally is

necessary to determine whether an occupational disease exists. See Allred v

Georgia-Pacific Corporation, 12- 0424 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 4/ 16/ 13), 2013 WL

1912653 ( unpublished), at * 4, writ denied, 13- 1109 ( La. 8/ 30/ 13), 120 So. 3d 266.

In this case, however, the OWC obviously did not examine the nature of

LeCompte' s particular duties as a teacher, coach, and athletic director since the

record contains no evidence of such. The record is devoid of evidence as to either

the percentages of time LeCompte spent performing each of his respective roles as

teacher, coach, and athletic director or the exact extent and nature of the duties

entailed in each of those roles. Instead, the OWC equated LeCompte' s employment

to clerical work without any supporting evidence.

LeCompte filed a disputed claim for compensation with the OWC based on

his allegation of an occupational disease resulting from workplace mold exposure.

The object of the claim is the recovery of workers' compensation indemnity and

medical benefits, which is clearly a matter " arising out of' thethe WCA. See La. C.C.P.

art. 2; La. R.S. 23: 1310. 3( F). The issue of whether LeCompte has suffered an

W

occupational disease compensable under the coverage of the WCA is an issue

separate and apart from whether the OWC has original subject matter jurisdiction to

hear his claim. Under La. R. S. 23: 1310. 3( F), subject matter jurisdiction to hear the

merits of LeCompte' s workers' compensation claim and determine whether he has

suffered an occupational disease rests with the OWC.3 The OWC erred in

concluding it lacked subject matter jurisdiction over LeCompte' s claim.4

CONCLUSION

For these reasons, we reverse the November 15, 2019 judgment dismissing

the workers' compensation claim of appellee, Guy LeCompte, against his employer,

the St. Tammany Parish School Board, based on the OWC' s finding that it lacked

subject matter jurisdiction over the claim. This matter is remanded to the OWC for

further proceedings consistent with this opinion. The costs of this appeal are

assessed against each party equally, with each party to pay the amount of $530.30.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

3 In the event LeCompte' s alleged injury does not fall within the coverage of the WCA, he has a
right to sue for damages in tort. See O' Regan v. Preferred Enterprises, Inc., 98- 1602 ( La.
3/ 17/ 00), 758 So. 2d 124, 135- 36.

4 Because we find merit in the School Board' s assertion that the OWC erred in concluding it lacked
subject matter jurisdiction, we pretermit the School Board' s remaining assignments of error.

Col

GUY LECOMPTE NUMBER: 2020 CA 0333

FIRST CIRCUIT
VERSUS
COURT OF APPEAL

ST. TAMMANY PARISH STATE OF LOUISIANA
SCHOOL BOARD

J
r,
WELCH, J., dissenting.

I respectfully disagree with the majority' s decision to reverse the judgment of

the workers' compensation judge (" WCJ"). The WCJ was asked to issue a

declaratory judgment finding that the Office of Workers' Compensation (" OWC")

lacked jurisdiction over the plaintiffs black toxic mold exposure claim because such

claim did not arise under ( or was not a compensable occupational disease under) the

Workers' Compensation Act (" the Act"). Based on the allegations made and the

facts presented, the WCJ was correct.

The record establishes that the plaintiff was an athletic director, coach, and

teacher at Mandeville High School during his employment with the St. Tammany

Parish School Board. He claimed that over his years of employment, he was exposed

to black toxic mold, which caused him to develop a serious medical condition. In

order to invoke the jurisdiction of the OWC, the plaintiff must establish either that

he was received personal injury by accident or that he contracted an occupational

disease. There is no dispute or allegation that he was injured by accident; thus, the

issue is whether he contracted an occupational disease, i.e. whether the toxic black

mold that the plaintiff was exposed to while he was an athletic director, teacher and

coach is " characteristic of and peculiar to the particular trade, occupation, process,

or employment." The resounding answer to this inquiry is " NO." Toxic black mold

exposure is not characteristic of and peculiar to any of these jobs. Contrary to the

majority' s determination, it does not matter how much time was spent in each

classification, because none of the job duties of an athletic director, teacher or coach

are in anyway related to toxic black mold exposure. The job duties of an athletic

director, coach, and teacher, as found by the WCJ, are much more characteristic of

clerical employment. The case law is clear, in the area of black mold exposure, that

black mold exposure is not characteristic and peculiar to these mainly clerical

occupations. Therefore, the plaintiff' s claim is not covered by the Act, the OWC

lacks jurisdiction over the claim, and this matter is properly pending as a tort suit

before the district court.

Thus, I respectfully dissent.