Louisiana Vaping Association v. The State of Louisiana Department of Revenue and Juana Marine-Lombard in her official capacity as Commissioner of the Louisiana Department of Revenue Office of Alcohol and Tobacco Control

STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT

NO. 2020 CA 0816

LOUISIANA VAPING ASSOCIATION

VERSUS

THE STATE OF LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE & JUANA
MARINE-LOMBARD IN HER OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS
COMMISSIONER OF THE STATE OF LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF
REVENUE OFFICE OF ALCOHOL & TOBACCO CONTROL

Judgment Rendered.
FEB 1 9 2021

Appealed from the 19"' Judicial District Court
In and for the Parish of East Baton Rouge
State of Louisiana
Suit No. 0696456

The Honorable Timothy E. Kelley, Judge Presiding

Thomas Ainsworth Robichaux. Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellant
New Orleans, Louisiana
Louisiana Vaping Association
Chimene St. Amant Counsel for Defendant/Appellee
David Jeddie Smith State of Louisiana
Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Renee G. Culotta Counsel for Defendant/Appellee
Benjamin M. Castoriano State of Louisiana Department
New Orleans, Louisiana of Revenue & Juana Marine -

Lombard, in her official capacity as
the Commissioner of the Office of
Alcohol & Tobacco Control

BEFORE: GUIDRY, McCLENDON, AND LANIER, JJ.

LANIER, J.

In this appeal, the plaintiff/appellant, Louisiana Vaping Association

LAVA), challenges the judgment of the Nineteenth Judicial District Court

denying its requested injunctive relief. For the following reasons, we affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

The defendant/appellee, the Louisiana Department of Revenue, through the

Office of Alcohol and Tobacco Control ( collectively the ATC) promulgated a

declaration of emergency on November 26, 2019 to regulate the retail and

wholesale distribution of alternative nicotine and vapor products, commonly

known as " vapes." The ATC cited La. R.S. 49: 953( 8) l and La. R.S. 3: 14832 as

granting it the authority to promulgate the declaration of emergency. The

declaration of emergency prohibited any retail or wholesale distributor from the

sale or resale of vapes without a valid registration certificate or unsuspended

permit.
The declaration of emergency repeats word for word much of the language

included in FM No. 244 of the 2019 Regular Session, also known as Act No. 424,

which was the enabling act authorizing the ATC to regulate " vapor products and

alternative nicotine products."

1 Louisiana Revised Statutes, 49: 953( B) states, in pertinent part:

1)( a) If an agency finds that an imminent peril to the public health, safety, or
welfare requires adoption of a rule upon shorter notice than that provided in
Subsection A of this Section and within five days of adoption states in writing to
the governor of the state of Louisiana, the attorney general of Louisiana, the
speaker of the House of Representatives, the president of the Senate, and the
Office of the State Register, its reasons for that finding, it may proceed without
prior notice or hearing or upon any abbreviated notice and hearing that it finds
practicable, to adopt an emergency rule. The provisions of this Paragraph also
shall apply to the extent necessary to avoid sanctions or penalties from the United
States, or to avoid a budget deficit in the case of medical assistance programs or
to secure new or enhanced federal funding in medical assistance programs. The
agency statement of its reason for finding it necessary to adopt an emergency rule
shall include specific reasons why the failure to adopt the rule on an emergency
basis would result in imminent peril to the public health, safety, or welfare, or
specific reasons why the emergency rule meets other criteria provided in this
Paragraph for adoption of an emergency rule.
2 Louisiana Revised Statutes 3: 1483 enables the Louisiana Department of Health to regulate
CBD products.

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On May 18, 2020, LAVA, a non-profit trade organization representing the
interests of vape manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers in the state
of Louisiana, filed a petition for declaratory judgment and injunction against the

ATC on behalf of the vape retailers and wholesalers operating within the state.
LAVA alleged that the ATC' s declaration of emergency required vape wholesalers
to execute a registration form in order to sell vape products; however, the ATC did
not provide such a form for the wholesalers to register. Nevertheless, the ATC

enforced its regulations and cited over 250 vape retailers for selling products that
were purchased from wholesalers not properly registered. The ATC also ordered

these retailers to remove all unauthorized vape products from their inventory and
prohibited their sale to the public. LAVA further alleged that the ATC required

wholesalers to receive a compliance letter from the U.S. Food and Drug

Administration for each product sold, but that such a letter does not exist.

Based on the alleged vagueness and ambiguity of the declaration of
emergency, LAVA claimed that the ATC' s regulations regarding vape products
were illegal and void ab initio. LAVA further claimed that the declaration of

emergency did not in fact declare any discernable emergency for which the
regulations were necessary. LAVA claimed the declaration of emergency and Act
424 were unconstitutional and prayed for a declaratory judgment to that effect.
LAVA further requested that the ATC be enjoined from enforcing its rules and
regulations instituted pursuant to Act 424, alleging irreparable harm to the retailers
and wholesalers of vape products should the injunction not be issued.

The trial on the preliminary injunction was heard on June 2, 2020.' The trial

court denied the injunction.
The trial court declined to rule on the declaratory

judgment at that time, since the issue of constitutionality necessitated an ordinary

3 The trial court also heard exceptions of no cause of action and no right of action filed by the
ATC. The trial court denied those exceptions, and the ATC has not appealed that ruling.

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proceeding and could not be resolved with the summary proceeding on the
preliminary injunction. See La. C. C. P. art. 2592; see also Barber v. Louisiana

Workforce
- Commission, 2015- 1700 ( La. 10/ 9/ 15), 176 So.3d 398; MAPP Const.,

LLC v. Amerisure Mut. Ins, Co., 2013- 1074 ( La. App. I Cir. 3/ 24/ 14), 143 So. 3d

520, 530- 31. ( R. 125) As such, the trial court' s judgment signed on June 15, 2020

only denies LAVA' s petition for preliminary injunction and is silent as to the

petition for declaratory judgment. It is the judgment denying the preliminary

injunction that LAVA has appealed.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

LAVA has cited six assignments of error:

1.
The trial court erred in finding that the emergency rule of November 29,
2019 complied with the requirements of LA. R.S. 49: 953( B) and that the
rule is valid.

2.
The trial court erred in finding that Act 424 did not unconstitutionally
delegate legislative authority.
3.
The trial court erred in finding that the ATC can enforce state statutes
without having promulgated rules and regulations in furtherance of such
enforcement.

4.
The trial court erred in finding that the ATC did not unconstitutionally
exercise legislative powers.

5.
The trial court erred in sanctioning the ATC' s promulgation of rules beyond
those authorized by legislative statute.

6.
The trial court erred in not issuing a preliminary injunction against the ATC.

A preliminary injunction is an interlocutory procedural device designed to

preserve the status quo between the par t-ies, pending a trial on the merits. Hill v.

Jindal, 2014- 1757 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 6/ 17/ 15), 175 So. 3d 988, 1002, writ denied,

2015- 1394 ( La. 10/ 23/ 15), 179 So. 3d 600. Generally, plaintiffs seeking issuance

of a preliminary injunction bear the burden of establishing by a preponderance of

the evidence a prima facie showing that they will prevail on the merits and that

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irreparable injury or loss will result without the preliminary injunction. La. C. C.P.

art. 3601; Paradigm Health System, L.L.C. v. Faust, 2016- 1276 ( La. App. I Cir.

4/ 12/ 17), 218 So. 3d 1068, 1072.

Although the' judgment on the preliminary injunction is interlocutory, a party

aggrieved by a judgment either granting or denying a preliminary injunction is
entitled to an appeal. La. C. C. P. art. 3612( B).

DISCUSSION

Since there has been no
declaratory judgment, the issue of the

constitutionality of the declaration of emergency and Act 424 is not before this

court; however, LAVA would be entitled to an injunction if it is found that the

ATC acted unlawfully in its promulgation and enforcement of the declaration of

emergency, without the necessity of LAVA showing that irreparable harm would

result.
See Animal Legal Defense Fund v. State, Dept. of Wildlife and Fisheries,

2012- 0971 ( La. App. 1 Cir. 4/ 25/ 13), 140 So. 3d 8, 18, writ denied, 2013- 1565 ( La.

10/ 4/ 13),
122 So.3d 1025; see also Downtown Development District of City ofNew
Orleans v. City of New Orleans, 2018- 0726 ( La. App. 4 Cir. 5/ 8/ 19), 272 So. 3d

917, 937, writs denied 2019- 00947 ( La. 9/ 24/ 19), 279 So. 3d 388, 2019- 0042 ( La.

9/ 24/ 19), 279 So. 3d 937.
We must therefore address the validity and legality of the

ATC' s declaration of emergency and enforcement thereof.

Louisiana Revised Statutes,, 49: 953( B) requires the state
agency

promulgating the declaration of emergency to " include specific reasons why the

failure to adopt the rule on an emergency basis would result in imminent peril to

the public health, safety, or welfare, or specific reasons why the emergency rule

meets other criteria provided in this Paragraph for adoption of an emergency rule."

The declaration of emergency states the following:

The [ ATC] finds it necessary to make immediate changes to the
Louisiana Administrative Code given the need for regulation of

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alternative nicotine and vapor products under the provisions of Act
No. 424 of the 2019 Louisiana Legislature. The following regulations
will give the ATC the ability to properly permit, authorize, and
regulate the retail sale and distribution of alternative nicotine and
vapor products, which will affect the health of Louisiana citizens and
give the commissioner of the [ ATC] the ability to make critical
decisions that protect human health.

The only circumstances enumerated by La. R.S. 49: 953( B)( 1) in which

emergency rulemaking can be undertaken include: ( 1) if an agency finds that an

imminent peril to the public health, safety, or welfare requires adoption of a rule
upon shorter notice; (
2) to the extent necessary to avoid sanctions or penalties from
the United States; ( 3) to avoid a budget deficit in the case of medical assistance

programs; or ( 4) to secure new or enhanced federal funding in medical assistance
programs.
Cressey v. Foster, 96- 2716 ( La. App. I Cir. 4/25/ 97), 694 So. 2d 1016,
1024.
The ATC clearly described an imminent peril to public health by stating an
immediate need for the regulation of vape products, which could adversely affect
the health of Louisiana citizens. The ATC then copied the relevant text of Act 424

into the declaration of emergency without any deviations in order to create its rules
of enforcement.
We therefore find the ATC complied with the requirements of La.

R.S. 49: 953 to promulgate a valid and legal declaration of emergency and did not
exceed its authority under Louisiana law.

Since the declaration of emergency is valid, we must determine whether

LAVA has made a prima facie showing that they will prevail on the merits of the

case and that irreparable injury would result without the issuance of the injunction.

We find LAVA has not met its burden in showing it would succeed on the merits,

because there has been no ruling as of the time of the instant appeal on the

unconstitutionality of the declaration of emergency or of Act 424. Also, as stated

earlier, the ATC has not illegally exceeded its authority with the promulgation and

enforcement of the declaration of emergency.

ro

Irreparable injury is a prerequisite to obtaining injunctive relief when the
conduct sought to be enjoined is lawful.
Generally, irreparable injury means a loss

that cannot be adequately compensated in money damages or measured by a
pecuniary standard. Star Enterprise v. State Through Dept.
of Revenue and

Taxation, 95- 1980, 95- 1982 ( La. App. I Cir. 6/ 28/ 96), 676 So.2d 827, 834, writ

denied, 96- 1983 ( La. 3/ 14/ 97), 689 So.2d 1383.
The damage claimed by LAVA

on behalf of the retailers and wholesalers it represents is the loss of sales of vaping
products due to the enforcement
of the declaration of emergency. These products

have pecuniary value that, if LAVA were able to prevail on the merits, could be
compensated in monetary damages. LAVA has therefore suffered no irreparable

injury in the instant case. Based on the above findings, we conclude there was no
abuse of discretion by the trial court' s denial of a preliminary injunction. See

Louisiana Assn ofSet( -Insured Employers v. Louisiana Workforce Com 'n, 2011-
011-

1892
1892 ( La. App. I Cir. 3/ 28/ 12), 92 So3d 397, 403.

DECREE

The judgment of the 19"
JDC denying Louisiana Vaping Association' s
petition for preliminary and permanent injunction is affirmed. All costs of this

appeal are assessed to the appellant, Louisiana Vaping Association.
AFFIRMED.

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