Adriel Smith and Shawn Smith v. Angelin Funderburk, Kristen Rene Hanna, ANPAC Louisiana Insurance Company, Metropolitan Property And Casualty Insurance Company And USAA Casualty Insurance Company

STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT

NO. 2021 CA 0134

ADRIEL SMITH AND SHAWN SMITH

VERSUS

ANGELIN FUNDERBURK, KRISTEN RENE HANNA, ANPAC
LOUISIANA INSURANCE COMPANY, METROPOLITAN
PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY AND
USAA CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY

NW' Judgment Rendered: DEC 2 2 2021
CH 0

On Appeal from the
19th Judicial District Court
In and for the Parish of East Baton Rouge
State of Louisiana
Trial Court No. 664857

Honorable William A. Morvant, Judge Presiding

Rick A. Caballero Attorneys for Plaintiffs -Appellants,
Gail N. McKay Adriel Smith and Shawn Smith
Baton Rouge, LA

Kolby P. Marchand Attorney for Defendant -Appellee,
Baton Rouge, LA United Services Automobile
Association

BEFORE: WHIPPLE, C. J., PENZATO, AND HESTER, JJ.

HESTER, J.

In this case arising out of a motor vehicle accident, plaintiff, Adriel Smith,

appeals a judgment of the trial court granting a directed verdict in favor of United

Services Automobile Association ( USAA), Ms. Smith' s uninsured/underinsured

motorist ( UM) carrier, finding Ms. Smith failed to prove that the offending driver

was uninsured or underinsured. For the following reasons, we affirm.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On May 30, 2017, Ms. Smith, Ms. Kristen Hanna, and Ms. Angelin

Funderburk were involved in a three -car accident on Highway 73 in Ascension

Parish causing injury to Ms. Smith. After the accident, Ms. Smith and her husband,

Mr. Shawn Smith,' filed suit against Ms. Hanna and her insurer, Metropolitan

Property Casualty Insurance Company; Ms. Funderburk and her insurer, ANPAC

Louisiana Insurance Company ( ANPAC); and USAA, Ms. Smith' s UM carrier.

On June 3, 2019, Ms. Smith' s claims against Ms. Hanna and Metropolitan

Property Casualty Insurance Company were dismissed by summary judgment, and

trial was set against the remaining defendants. Thereafter, on March 18, 2020, Ms.

Smith settled her claims with Ms. Funderburk and ANPAC and an order was signed

on May 21, 2020, dismissing Ms. Smith' s claims against Ms. Funderburk and

ANPAC. After settling her claims with Ms. Funderburk and ANPAC, Ms. Smith

amended her initial petition alleging that USAA was arbitrary and capricious in its

refusal to make an unconditional offer and requesting penalties and attorney fees.

On October 5, 2020, the matter proceeded to a jury trial solely on Ms. Smith' s UM

claims against USAA.2

Mr. Smith dismissed his loss of consortium claim prior to trial.

2 On the day of trial, Ms. Smith dismissed her bad faith claims against USAA prior to the start of
opening statements.

2

At the close of Ms. Smith' s case, USAA' s attorney made a motion for a

directed verdict pursuant to La. Code Civ. P. art. 1810. In support of the motion,

USAA argued that Ms. Smith did not prove that Ms. Funderburk, the offending

driver, was uninsured or underinsured as required by La. R.S. 22: 1295. The trial

court granted USAA' s motion stating that a " threshold thing you have to prove in

order to collect against your own UM carrier is the uninsured or underinsured status

of the tortfeasor. And in this case, there' s been no evidence, no testimony to

establish that." A judgment was signed on November 5, 2020 dismissing Ms.

Smith' s claims against USAA.

On October 14, 2020, Ms. Smith filed a " Motion for Re- Consideration/ New

Trial." The trial court denied the motion stating, "[ t]he motion for new trial is

denied upon showing made. [ An] element of plaintiff' s case was proof of the

uninsured or underinsured status of the original [ tortfeasor] Angelin Funderburk.

Plaintiff failed to offer any evidence or testimony regarding the underinsured status

of Funderburk which resulted in this court granting the motion for directed verdict.

Plaintiff has not alleged a valid ground for new trial under either art 1972 or 1973."

Ms. Smith appealed contending that the trial court erred in granting USAA' s

motion for directed verdict and denying her motion for new trial.'

LAW AND ANALYSIS

Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure article 1810 provides as follows with

regard to a motion for a directed verdict:

3
Initially, the motion for new trial order was unsigned. This court remanded the matter back to
the trial court to address the motion for new trial, and the trial court signed the order denying the
motion for new trial on August 9, 2021.

4 When an unrestricted appeal is taken from a final judgment, the appellant is entitled to seek
review of all adverse interlocutory rulings prejudicial to him, in addition to the review of the final
judgment. Landry v. Leonard J. Chabert Medical Center, 2002- 1559 ( La. App. 1st Cir.
5/ 14/ 03), 858 So. 2d 454, 461 n.4, writs denied, 2003- 1748, 2003- 1752 ( La. 10/ 17/ 03), 855 So. 2d
761. Thus, the interlocutory denial of a motion for new trial is subject to review on appeal in
connection with the review of an appealable judgment in the same case. Moran v. G & G Const.,
2003- 2447 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 10/ 29/ 04), 897 So. 2d 75, 83 n. 4, writ denied, 2004- 2901 ( La.
2/ 25/ 05), 894 So. 2d 1148.

3

A party who moves for a directed verdict at the close of the evidence
offered by an opponent may offer evidence in the event that the motion
is not granted, without having reserved the right so to do and to the
same extent as if the motion had not been made. A motion for a directed
verdict that is not granted is not a waiver of trial by jury even though
all parties to the action have moved for directed verdicts. A motion for
a directed verdict shall state the specific grounds therefor. The order of

the court granting a motion for a directed verdict is effective without
any assent of the jury.

It is well settled that a trial judge has much discretion in determining whether

to grant a motion for directed verdict. State, Department of Transp. and

Development v. Restructure Partners, L.L.C., 2007- 1745 ( La. App. 1st Cir.

3/ 26/ 08), 985 So. 2d 212, 223, writ denied, 2008- 1269 ( La. 9/ 19/ 08), 992 So. 2d 937.

The propriety of a directed verdict must be evaluated in light of the substantive law

underpinning the plaintiff's claims. Pratt v. Himel Marine, Inc., 2001- 1832 ( La.

App. 1st Cir. 6/ 21/ 02), 823 So. 2d 394, 406, writs denied, 2002- 2128, 2002- 2025 ( La.

11/ 1/ 02), 828 So. 2d 571, 572.

A plaintiff seeking to recover insurance proceeds has the burden of proving

every fact essential to establish that his claim is within the policy coverage.

Espinoza v. Doe, 2016- 0424 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 2/ 17/ 17), 213 So. 3d 399, 401, writ

denied 2017- 0466 ( La. 5/ 1/ 17), 221 So. 3d 371; William Shelby McKenzie & H.

Alston Johnson, III, 15 Louisiana Civil Law Treatise: Insurance Law and Practice,

4: 12. In order for an insured to recover against their UM carrier, they must first

prove the UM status of the offending motorist. Dean v. State Farm Mutual

Automobile Ins. Co., 51, 243 ( La. App. 2d Cir. 4/ 5/ 17), 217 So. 3d 611, 616.

Louisiana Revised Statutes 22: 1295( 6) 5 provides different means of showing the

5 Louisiana Revised Statutes 22: 1295( 6) provides:

In any action to enforce a claim under the uninsured motorist provisions of an
automobile liability policy the following shall be admissible as prima facie proof
that the owner and operator of the vehicle involved did not have automobile liability
insurance in effect on the date of the accident in question:
a) The introduction of sworn notarized affidavits from the owner and the operator
of the alleged uninsured vehicle attesting to their current addresses and declaring
El

uninsured or underinsured status of a motorist. If the plaintiff fails to follow these

procedures, the burden remains with the plaintiff to prove such facts by any other

admissible evidence. See Gillmer v. Parish Sterling Stuckey, 2009- 0901 ( La. App.

1st Cir. 12/ 23/ 09), 30 So. 3d 782, 787.6

In her first, second, and fourth assignments of error, Ms. Smith' s primary

argument is that USAA' s pleadings, writings, and actions, including the jury verdict

form, pretrial order, and opening statement, indicated that there was no dispute about

the UM status of the offending driver. Ms. Smith contends that prior to trial, USAA

was aware of both her settlement with and the UM status of the offending driver,

and USAA' s knowledge obviated the need to prove it at trial. Ms. Smith

acknowledges that she did not introduce any evidence to prove the UM status of the

offending driver during the trial. Rather, Ms. Smith states that she was under the

that they did not have automobile liability insurance in effect covering the vehicle
in question on the date of the accident in question. When the owner and the operator
of the vehicle in question are the same person, this fact shall be attested to in a
single affidavit.

b) A sworn notarized affidavit by an official of the Department of Public Safety
and Corrections to the effect that inquiry has been made pursuant to R.S. 32: 871 by
depositing the inquiry with the United States mail, postage prepaid, to the address
of the owner and operator as shown on the accident report, and that neither the

owner nor the operator has responded within thirty days of the inquiry, or that the
owner or operator, or both, have responded negatively as to the required security,
or a sworn notarized affidavit by an official of the Department of Public Safety and
Corrections that said department has not or cannot make an inquiry regarding
insurance. This affidavit shall be served by certified mail upon all parties fifteen
days prior to introduction into evidence.
c) Any admissible evidence showing that the owner and operator of the alleged
uninsured vehicle was a nonresident or not a citizen of Louisiana on the date of the
accident in question, or that the residency and citizenship of the owner or operator
of the alleged uninsured vehicle is unknown, together with a sworn notarized
affidavit by an official of the Department of Public Safety and Corrections to the
effect that on the date of the accident in question, neither the owner nor the operator
had in effect a policy of automobile liability insurance.
d) The effect of the prima facie evidence referred to in Subparagraphs ( a), ( b), and
c) of this Paragraph is to shift the burden of proof from the party or parties alleging
the uninsured status of the vehicle in question to their uninsured motorist insurer.

6 In her third assignment of error, Ms. Smith contends that the trial court erred in applying La. R.S.
22: 1295( 6) as the sole prescribed method of establishing the UM status of the offending driver.
The trial court pointed out that the UM status of the offending driver is a threshold issue that must
be proven before a litigant can collect from his UM carrier not that La. R.S. 22: 1295( 6) was the
sole method of proving the UM status. Furthermore, Ms. Smith did not introduce any evidence of
the UM status of the offending driver.

impression that the only issue for trial was the amount of damages.' Accordingly,

Ms. Smith contends that the trial court erred in requiring her to establish the

offending driver' s UM status when the issue was not in dispute and to avoid an

injustice the trial court should not have entered the directed verdict.

As noted, Ms. Smith conceded that during trial, no evidence was introduced

to prove the UM status of the offending driver. The evidence introduced was

primarily Ms. Smith' s medical information used to prove damages. Neither Ms.

Funderburk' s policy with ANPAC nor Ms. Smith' s settlement documents with

ANPAC were introduced into the record.'

Ms. Smith' s argument that the UM status of the offending driver was

undisputed is not supported by the record. Ms. Smith, in her petition and amended

petition, alleged that USAA had issued a policy of UM coverage to her but did not

allege that Ms. Funderburk was uninsured or underinsured. In its answer, USAA

made general denials admitting only that USAA had a policy of insurance in effect

at the time of the accident. In the pretrial order, USAA listed the contested issues as

a] ll those necessary to determine fault, coverage, causation, and damages." While

USAA did not include the offending motorist' s UM status as one of their proposed

jury charges and did not raise the issue in their opening statement, USAA

consistently disputed that money was owed to Ms. Smith. Notably, in a discussion

with the trial court prior to trial, the parties agreed only that fault had been

established, and the issues of damages and causation remained. During the hearing,

USAA' s attorney noted that Ms. Funderburk' s fault was not at issue, but she was at

issue in the case for matters like " being underinsured."

7 Ms. Smith and her doctor were the only witnesses that testified during Ms. Smith' s case. Ms.
Funderburk was not a witness nor was her policy introduced into evidence.

8 In sidebar with the trial court, Ms. Smith' s attorney discussed the certified copies of the settlement
documents between ANPAC and Ms. Smith, but did not introduce the documents into the record.

n

Throughout the proceeding, USAA denied liability to Ms. Smith, and USAA

never made any affirmative statement or took any action indicating that the UM

status of the offending driver was not at issue. The record reveals that USAA was

aware of the offending driver' s settlement with Ms. Smith, however, even proof of

a settlement with the offending driver does not constitute proof that the offending

driver' s coverage has been exhausted. Further, USAA' s alleged knowledge of the

UM status of the offending driver does not obviate Ms. Smith' s obligation to prove

the UM status at trial. Once the matter proceeded to trial, it was incumbent upon

Ms. Smith to prove all necessary elements to recover. Under the facts presented

herein, we find no action or statement made by USSA waived the necessity of Ms.

Smith proving the UM status of the offending driver before she could recover against

USAA. Accordingly, we find the trial court was within its discretion in granting the

directed verdict in favor of USAA.

In her fifth assignment of error, Ms. Smith argues that the trial court erred in

failing to reopen the case to allow her to introduce evidence to establish the

tortfeasor' s lack of sufficient insurance coverage in response to USAA' s motion for

a directed verdict. In support of her position, Ms. Smith relies on Bell v. Kristi,

2005- 1500 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 6/ 9/ 06), 938 So. 2d 745, 747- 748, wherein this court

determined that a case should be reopened for evidence of the UM status of the

tortfeasor where the UM carrier paid the insured' s property damages, as well as

medical bills and lost wages after an accident; plaintiff alleged the UM status of the

tortfeasor; the UM carrier never contested the UM status of the tortfeasor; and the

plaintiff "[
p] rior to the granting of the motion to dismiss" moved to reopen the

case. Bell, 938 So. 2d at 747. ( Emphasis in the original.) We find that Bell is

distinguishable from the present matter. Herein, unlike in Bell, Ms. Smith did not

ask the trial court to reopen her case for the introduction of additional evidence prior

to the trial court granting the motion for directed verdict. Ms. Smith did not request

7

that her case be reopened until she filed the motion for new trial, after the jury had

been dismissed. Additionally, there was no evidence that USAA had tendered any

funds to Ms. Smith or that Ms. Smith alleged the UM status of the offending driver

in her pleadings.

NEW TRIAL

In her final assignment of error, Ms. Smith contends that the trial court

committed legal error in refusing to grant a new trial under La. Code Civ. P. art.

1972. A new trial shall be granted, upon contradictory motion of any party, in the

following cases: ( 1) When the verdict or judgment appears clearly contrary to the

law and the evidence; ( 2) When the party has discovered, since the trial, evidence

important to the cause, which he could not, with due diligence, have obtained before

or during the trial; or ( 3) When the jury was bribed or has behaved improperly so

that impartial justice has not been done. A new trial may be granted in any case if

there is good ground therefor, except as otherwise provided by law. La. Code Civ.

P. arts. 1972 and 1973. The trial court' s discretion in ruling on a motion for new

trial is great, and its decision will not be disturbed on appeal absent an abuse of that

discretion. Guidry v. Millers Casualty Insurance Company, 2001- 0001 ( La. App.
1 st Cir. 6/ 21/ 02), 822 So. 2d 675, 680.

The evidence attached to the motion for new trial was available before trial,

not newly discovered evidence. As pointed out by the trial court, Ms. Smith did not

allege a valid ground for new trial under either article 1972 or 1973. Accordingly,

we find no abuse of discretion by the trial court in denying Ms. Smith' s motion for

new trial.

CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed. All costs

of this appeal are assessed to plaintiff-appellant, Ms. Adriel Smith.

AFFIRMED.