State of Louisiana v. Devion D Taylor

STATE OF LOUISIANA * NO. 2023-KA-0669

VERSUS * COURT OF APPEAL

DEVION D TAYLOR * FOURTH CIRCUIT

* STATE OF LOUISIANA

*******

APPEAL FROM
CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURT ORLEANS PARISH
NO. 554-212, SECTION “A”
Honorable Simone A. Levine,
******
Judge Joy Cossich Lobrano
******
(Court composed of Judge Daniel L. Dysart, Judge Joy Cossich Lobrano, Judge
Karen K. Herman)

Jane Louise Beebe
LOUSIANA APPELLATE PROJECT
P. O. Box 463
Addis, LA 70710

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT

Jason R. Williams
District Attorney
Brad Scott
Chief of Appeals
ORLEANS PARISH DISTRICT ATTORNEY’S OFFICE
619 South White Street
New Orleans, LA 70119

COUNSEL FOR STATE OF LOUISIANA/APPELLEE

CONVICTIONS AFFIRMED; SENTENCES ON SECOND DEGREE
MURDER CONVICTIONS AFFIRMED; REMANDED FOR PUPRPOSE
OF AMENDING OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE SENTENCE TO DELETE
ILLEGAL RESTRICTION ON PAROLE ELIGIBILITY

JUNE 27, 2025

JCL This is a criminal case. Devion Taylor (“Defendant”) appeals his convictions

DLD of two counts of second degree murder and one count of obstruction of justice and

KKH his consecutive sentence for obstruction of justice. For the following reasons, we

affirm the convictions and affirm the sentence on each of the second degree murder

counts. The district court erred in sentencing Defendant on the obstruction of

justice count by imposing the sentence without the benefit of parole. Therefore, we

remand the matter to the district court to amend the sentence on the obstruction of

justice count to delete the illegal restriction on parole eligibility. The district court

is also ordered to instruct the Clerk of Criminal District Court to transmit the

corrected sentencing document to the officer in charge of the institution to which

Defendant has been sentenced.

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On May 5, 2022, an Orleans Parish Grand Jury returned an indictment

against Defendant, charging him with two counts of second degree murder, a

violation of La. R.S. 14:30.1, and one count of obstruction of justice, a violation of

La. R.S. 14:130.1. At his arraignment conducted on May 19, 2022, Defendant

entered a plea of not guilty to all of the charges.

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Defendant filed a motion to suppress his statement. The hearing on the

motion to suppress took place over the course of three days -- October 19, 2022,

December 13, 2022, and January 4, 2023; and on January 31, 2023, the district

court denied the motion to suppress statement.

The case proceeded to trial on April 24, 2023. Prior to the commencement of

trial, Defendant filed several pre-trial motions, including a motion to exclude

opinion testimony of Jessica Nezat. The district court deferred ruling on the motion

until trial. Jessica Nezat’s qualifications were presented during her voir dire, and

the district court accepted her as an expert in cell phone analytics over the

defense’s objection.

At the conclusion of the trial, the jury returned a verdict finding Defendant

guilty as charged on all counts. Defendant subsequently filed a motion for new trial

and a motion for post-verdict judgment of acquittal, which the district court denied

on May 25, 2023.

A sentencing hearing was conducted on June 8, 2023. After the presentation

of victim impact evidence, the district court sentenced Defendant to life

imprisonment on each of the second degree murder counts and to forty (40) years

on the obstruction of justice count, with the sentences to be served at hard labor

without benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence. The district court

ordered the life sentences to be served concurrently and the obstruction of justice

sentence to be served consecutively to the other sentences. Defendant timely

instituted this appeal.

STATEMENT OF FACTS

The pertinent testimony elicited at trial is as follows:

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NOPD Detective Nicole Alcala testified that on January 8, 2022 she

responded as the lead investigator to the scene of the murder of Kane Sanders

(“Sanders”) and Christopher Cornelius (“Cornelius”), who were killed inside a

vehicle in the 8700 block of Curran Boulevard. The vehicle had collided with a

parked, unoccupied vehicle, and it appeared that the driver, Sanders, had suffered

multiple gunshot wounds that caused him to lose control of his vehicle.

During a search of the vehicle, officers found a cell phone belonging to

Sanders and a large bag of marijuana on the floorboard near his feet. Three live

rounds were found in a backpack on the front passenger seat, and casings, a

magazine, and bullet fragments were also found inside the vehicle. A second cell

phone, which was registered to Defendant’s father, and a wallet containing

Defendant’s identification card, were found outside of the vehicle. A projectile and

number of spent handgun and rifle casings were also collected from outside the

vehicle. The interior of the vehicle had suffered damage from a gun which

appeared to have been fired from the back seat of the vehicle

On cross-examination, Detective Alcala testified that Sanders and Cornelius

appeared to have been shot from the back. Specifically, she testified that “empty

casings, deceased individuals, [and] multiple ballistic damage to the interior of the

vehicle” indicated that shots were fired from within the vehicle. DNA testing on

the ballistics yielded inconclusive results, and Defendant tested negative for

gunshot residue.

Dr. Samantha Huber, the chief pathologist for the Orleans Parish Coroner’s

Office, qualified by the court as an expert in forensic pathology, testified that she

performed the autopsies on the victims and authored the associated toxicology

reports. She stated that Sanders suffered a total of ten gunshot wounds, which

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pierced a rib, part of his spinal column, his lungs, stomach, aorta, pancreas,

diaphragm, and liver, and opined that gunshot wounds caused his death. With the

exception of one bullet which entered Sanders’s front thigh as he was apparently

seated, the wounds resulted from bullets which entered his body from back to

front. She stated that Cornelius sustained five gunshot wounds to the back of his

head, all of which were potentially fatal. One gunshot wound was caused by a shot

fired about an inch or two from his head, and the other four gunshot wounds

appeared to have been fired through the headrest. Cornelius also sustained two

gunshot wounds to his spine and shoulder. Dr. Huber also testified that the

toxicology reports reflected the presence of caffeine and THC in both victims and

the presence of nicotine in Cornelius.

Kenneth Leary, a firearms examiner for the NOPD and a ballistics expert,

testified that six forty-five-millimeter caliber cartridge casings fired from the same

weapon, likely an AR-15, were found on the scene of the shooting. He also

testified that several nine-millimeter caliber cartridge casings that were found on

the scene, including inside the vehicle, were all fired from the same weapon, a

nine-millimeter pistol. He testified that the empty clip found in the vehicle would

fit a Glock nine-millimeter gun.

Mr. Leary additionally testified that the projectile recovered from Cornelius

during his autopsy was consistent with .38 caliber ammunition, “which includes

nine-millimeter.” A .38 caliber projectile recovered during Sanders’s autopsy

possessed similar rifling characteristics to the projectile recovered from Cornelius,

but Mr. Leary could not determine whether they were fired from the same weapon.

4

On cross-examination, Mr. Leary testified that the ballistics evidence was

entered into the National Integrated Ballistic Information Network and was not

found to have been linked to any other criminal activity.

Detective Alan Seaton testified that he was employed by NOPD in the

digital forensics unit. He testified that he processed three of the four cell phones

recovered in this case, including Sanders’s phone and a phone found on the scene

that was registered to Defendant’s father. The “phone dump” of Sanders’s phone

reflected messages between his phone and the phone registered to Defendant’s

father, as well as the locations of both cellphones.1

Detective Alcala was recalled by the State to offer further testimony. She

testified that NOPD received a dispatch call advising that an individual had arrived

at New Orleans East Hospital with a gunshot wound. A detective arrived at the

hospital and learned that the individual, who was identified as Defendant, had been

transported to University Medical Center, a trauma hospital where all gunshot

wound victims are treated. Detective Alcala interviewed Defendant at University

Medical Center. When she initially spoke to him, she did not know his

involvement in the shooting. In the incident recall, Defendant had been referred to

as a “potential victim” of the shooting and further, the information provided by

New Orleans East Hospital to dispatch reflected that Defendant had stated that he

was shot at a location different from the location of the shooting of Sanders and

Cornelius.

Defendant told Detective Alcala that he was shot on San Francisco Street;

however, officers were unable to locate a “San Francisco Street” in New Orleans.

Defendant also told her that after he was shot, he stopped at the house of a

1 The “phone dump” of Sanders’s phone was introduced as State Exhibit 28.

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neighbor who was having a party. However, during Detective Alcala’s

investigation, she learned that Defendant had gone home before proceeding to the

hospital and that he was dropped off at the hospital in a vehicle belonging to a

neighbor. Detective Alcala learned that there had not been a party at the neighbor’s

house. Defendant also told Detective Alcala that “strangers” brought him to the

hospital in a “four-door F150”; however, the hospital’s video footage depicted

Defendant being dropped off in a Suburban or a Tahoe.

Detective Alcala testified that Defendant physically matched the photograph

in the wallet found at the scene. She collected bright blue basketball shorts from

Defendant which he had been seen wearing in the hospital footage and which also

could be seen under a pair of black athletic pants in the first mention “RTCC”

without stating that it is Real Time Crime Camera (“RTCC”) footage. Detective

Alcala identified Defendant in the RTCC footage as it was played for the jury and

stated that he wore “a light-colored hoodie, gray or white in color, black athletic

pants that have white stripes running vertically down the sides and a pair of tan

colored . . . boots.” The footage depicted Defendant talking to two individuals at

the time Sanders and Cornelius arrived in their vehicle. One of those individuals

later fired shots toward the vehicle, and the other individual shot an AR-15 near

where casings were later found. Detective Alcala testified that Defendant appeared

to be in the back seat of the vehicle. At one point, she identified an object falling

out of the rear passenger door of the vehicle as it drove away and landing where

the wallet containing Defendant’s identification card was found.

Detective Alcala testified that she performed a buccal swab and gun residue

test on Defendant. She testified that the gunshot residue test was negative and

explained that the time lapse between the shooting and Defendant’s hospital

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treatment, during which he had opportunities to wash his hands, could have

resulted in the dissipation of any gunshot residue. Forensic testing of the cell

phones revealed that Defendant had sent Sanders a map with a “pin drop” from his

cell phone to his exact location. In a text message, Defendant summoned Sanders

to the location where he and Cornelius were later killed. Sanders then sent a

message to Defendant stating that he was “outside,” and Defendant answered,

“okay.”

During cross-examination, Detective Alcala testified that because DNA

testing of casings collected at the scene rendered no results, there could be no

comparison of that evidence to Defendant’s DNA.

On redirect examination, Detective Alcala testified that phone records

reflected that Defendant contacted Sanders about purchasing marijuana and chose

the location where to meet him. She testified that the RTCC video footage depicted

Defendant arriving at the location forty minutes before Sanders and Cornelius

arrived. Defendant met with two associates and appeared to be waiting for Sanders

and Cornelius. Upon the arrival of Sanders and Cornelius, both associates fired

shots at the vehicle, and Defendant entered the vehicle. Detective Alcala testified

that the firearms used in the shooting were never located.

Jessica Nezat, Director of the NOPD’s Analytics Unit, qualified to testify as

an expert in cellphone data analysis. She prepared a report in this case based on her

analysis of cellphone data acquired pursuant to a warrant. Director Nezat testified

that the phone registered to Defendant’s father and found at the crime scene had

bounced off towers near the scene between 5:40 and 6:27 p.m. on January 8, 2022.

She testified that there was no data after 6:27 p.m. because, pursuant to NOPD

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procedure, the phone was secured in a faraday bag to block connectivity so that it

could not be erased remotely.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

On appeal, Defendant raises the following assignments of error:

1. The trial court erred in [] denying the defense’s motion
to suppress statements.

2. The trial court erred when it failed to produce a
complete transcript of the proceedings in the trial court,
specifically the ruling on the motion to suppress the
statements, thus mandating that [Defendant’s] conviction
be vacated and the matter set for a new trial.

3. The trial court erred when it accepted Nezat as an
expert, for the first time, in cell phone analysis, over
defense objection, and without conducting the requisite
Daubert hearing.

4. The trial court erred in allowing the state to provide
the defense with photographs mere minutes before
allowing the state to use them at trial and by allowing the
state to provide the defense with the triple I/rap sheets on
two witnesses only minutes before they were allowed to
testify, thus providing no opportunity for the defense to
investigate or present a defense.

5. The trial court erred in sentencing [Defendant] to a
sentence that was consecutive to his two life sentences.

ERRORS PATENT

In accordance with La. C.Cr.P. art. 920(2), all appeals are reviewed for

errors patent on the face of the record.2 A review of the record reveals

one error patent.

The district court imposed Defendant’s sentence on his obstruction of justice

conviction without the benefit of parole. However, the penalty provision of the

2 An error patent is “[a]n error that is discoverable by a mere inspection of the pleadings and

proceedings and without inspection of the evidence.” La. C.Cr.P. art. 920(2).

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applicable statute, La. R.S. 14:130.1(B), does not authorize such a restriction on

Defendant’s parole eligibility.3 Thus, the parole restriction rendered the sentence

illegal, and the sentence must be amended to delete the illegal restriction on parole

eligibility.

DISCUSSION

Assignment of Error 1: Motion to Suppress Statement

Defendant asserts in his first assignment of error that he was the subject of a

custodial investigation at the time he provided statements to homicide detectives in

his room at University Medical Center, and that since he was not advised of his

constitutional rights prior to questioning, the statements were improperly admitted

at trial in violation of Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 86 S.Ct.

1602 (1966).

This Court addressed the standard of review for a motion to suppress in State

v. Debose, 24-0217, pp. 6-7 (La. App. 4 Cir. 6/13/24), 390 So.3d 971, 977:

District courts have great discretion when ruling on
motions to suppress, and an appellate court will not
disturb a district court’s ruling on a motion to suppress
unless the district court abused its discretion. State v.
Willis, [ ]22-0452, pp. 6-7 (La. App. 4 Cir. 9/1/22), 348
So.3d 167, 172 (quoting State v. Polkey, [ ]20-0482, p. 3
(La. App. 4 Cir. 11/25/20), 310 So.3d 605, 608). The
reason the district court’s decision “on a motion to
suppress ... is entitled to great weight” is “because the
[district] court has the opportunity to observe the
witnesses and weigh the credibility of their testimony.”

3 La. R.S. 14:130.1(B) provides, in pertinent part:

B. Whoever commits the crime of obstruction of justice shall be
subject to the following penalties:
(1) When the obstruction of justice involves a criminal proceeding
in which a sentence of death or life imprisonment may be imposed,
. . . the offender shall be fined not more than one hundred thousand
dollars, imprisoned for not more than forty years at hard labor, or
both.

9

Id. at p. 7, 348 So.3d at 172 (alteration in original)
(quoting State ex rel. J.S., [ ]08-1401, p. 4 (La. App. 4
Cir. 2/18/09), 6 So.3d 904, 908). As this Court has
previously explained though, “a motion to suppress
presents a mixed question of law and fact.” Id. (citing
Polkey, [ ]20-0482, p. 4, 310 So.3d at 608). Thus, the
appellate court reviews the underlying facts for an abuse
of discretion “but reviews conclusions to be drawn from
those facts de novo.” Id. When the facts are not disputed,
however, then the appellate court need only “consider
whether the trial court came to the proper legal
determination under the undisputed facts.” Id.

The obligation to provide Miranda warnings attaches when a person is

questioned by law enforcement after he has been taken into custody or otherwise

deprived of his freedom of action in any significant way. Miranda, 384 U.S. at

444, 86 S.Ct. at 1612; State v. Payne, 01-3196, p. 7 (La. 12/4/02), 833 So.2d 927,

934. As such, Miranda warnings are applicable only when it is established that the

defendant has been subject to a “custodial interrogation.” State v. Hunt, 09-1589, p.

11 (La. 12/1/09), 25 So.3d 746, 754.

Custody is decided by two distinct inquiries: an objective assessment of the

circumstances surrounding the interrogation to determine whether there is a formal

arrest or restraint on freedom of the degree associated with formal arrest; and,

second, an evaluation of how a reasonable person in the position of the interviewee

would gauge the breadth of his freedom of action. Stansbury v. California, 511

U.S. 318, 322, 114 S.Ct. 1526, 1529, 128 L.Ed.2d 293 (1994); see also State v.

Hankton, 12-0466, p. 13 (La. App. 4 Cir. 4/30/14), 140 So.3d 398, 407. To

evaluate how a reasonable person in the defendant’s position would gauge the

breadth of his freedom of action, courts review the totality of the circumstances

surrounding the interrogation, “including any circumstance that ‘would have

affected how a reasonable person’ in the suspect’s position ‘would perceive his or

10

her freedom to leave,’” but ignoring the “subjective views harbored by either the

interrogating officers or the person being questioned.” State v. Robertson, 17-0398

p. 3 (La. App. 4 Cir. 5/12/17), 219 So.3d 1125, 1127-28 (quoting J.D.B. v. North

Carolina, 564 U.S. 261, 270-71, 131 S.Ct. 2394, 2402, 180 L.Ed.2d 310 (2011)).

“Relevant factors include the location of the questioning, its duration, statements

made during the interview, the presence or absence of physical restraints during the

questioning, and the release of the interviewee at the end of the questioning.”

Howes v. Fields, 565 U.S. 499, 509, 132 S.Ct. 1181, 1189, 182 L.Ed.2d 17 (2012)

(internal citations omitted).

The Louisiana Supreme Court has noted that “[d]etention for a medical

examination is not a situation that a reasonable person would find inherently

coercive in the sense required by Miranda.” State v. Thornton, 12-0095, p. 5 (La.

3/30/12), 83 So.3d 1024, 1026 (citing Wilson v. Coon, 808 F.2d 688, 690 (8th

Cir. 1987). In State v. Gill, unpub., 09-2003 (La. App. 1 Cir. 3/26/10), 2010 WL

1170437 (La. App. 1st Cir. March 26, 2010), the police interrogated the defendant

in the hospital following an automobile accident. The defendant argued the trial

court erred by denying her motion to suppress her confession because she was not

advised of her Miranda rights prior to being questioned as to whether she was the

driver of the vehicle involved in the accident, and there was no testimony she

would have been allowed to leave the hospital where she was being interviewed.

Id., 09-2003, 2010 WL 1170437, at *1. The First Circuit held that the defendant

was not in police custody at the time of her initial statements, noting that “[t]here

was no testimony that her freedom of movement was restricted in any manner prior

to the time she was advised of her rights.” Id., 09-2003, 2010 WL 1170437, at *4.

11

During the hearings conducted on Defendant’s motion to suppress statement,

homicide detectives testified that on the night of the shooting, NOPD received a

call from New Orleans East Hospital advising that a shooting victim had arrived at

the hospital. A homicide detective was sent to the hospital and learned that the

individual had been transported to University Medical Center.

In the meantime, officers learned that the name of the UMC patient was

Devion Taylor, which was also the name of the person whose wallet was found at

the Curran Boulevard shooting scene. The officers initially did not know how

Defendant’s wallet got on the scene until after they viewed the RTCC video

footage at a reduced speed the day after they interviewed Defendant and observed

the wallet fall out of the rear passenger side of the victim’s vehicle onto the street.

Detective Alcala procured a warrant for a gun residue test and a buccal swab;

however, at the time the tests were performed, the officers did not know whether

Defendant was involved in the Curran Boulevard shooting and if so, whether he

was a victim, witness, or perpetrator.

The detectives testified that when they entered Defendant’s hospital room,

he had already told hospital staff that he had received the gunshot wound at a

location other than 8700 Curran Boulevard. He stated that while walking to the

store, someone in a black vehicle drove by and shot him. When Detective Brittany

Kimbrough arrived at the hospital, Defendant provided the same account to her.

While executing the buccal swab warrant, Detective Alcala questioned

Defendant about his gunshot wound and the events leading up to it, and he

answered consistently with his statements to hospital personnel and Detective

Kimbrough. Defendant was not advised of his Miranda rights until after he made

the statements.

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After reviewing the evidence and considering the totality of the

circumstances in the present case, we find that the questioning conducted prior to

the Miranda warnings did not constitute custodial interrogation within the

meaning of Miranda. The circumstances present do not suggest that Defendant was

detained or that his freedom of movement was restricted. At the time of the

questioning, Defendant was not placed in handcuffs; was not under arrest; was not

told that he was not free to leave; and was not prevented from leaving the hospital.

Accordingly, the district court did not err in finding that he was not in custody

when he made his statements, and Miranda warnings were not required. This

assignment of error lacks merit.

Assignment of Error 2: Absence of Transcript of Ruling on Motion to Suppress
Statement

In his second assignment, Defendant asserts that the absence in the appellate

record of the transcript of the January 31, 2023 ruling on his motion to suppress

statement requires a reversal of his convictions. However, after Defendant filed

his brief, the appellate record was supplemented with the transcript of the ruling.

As such, this assignment is moot.

Assignment of Error 3: Qualification of Jessica Nezat to Testify as an Expert

In his third assignment of error, Defendant asserts that the district court erred

in qualifying Jessica Nezat to testify as an expert in GeoTime cell phone analysis

because the State did not establish her “methodology and reasoning.” Defendant

contends that there was no “hearing or qualifications presented on this new area of

expertise” and that his convictions were based on Ms. Nezat’s “unfounded

opinion.”

13

In criminal cases, expert testimony is permissible to provide the trier of fact

with a basic knowledge and background on a subject outside of a general

layperson’s knowledge. See State v. Bozeman, 06-679, p. 6 (La. App. 5 Cir.

1/30/07), 951 So.2d 1171, 1174. It should be introduced “for the purpose of giving

the jurors a basis of knowledge and/or background information on a subject, based

upon the expert’s specialized knowledge or experience.” State v. Bosworth, 593

So.2d 1356, 1360 (La. App. 4th Cir. 1992).

We review a trial court’s ruling on the admissibility of evidence for an abuse

of discretion. State v. Wright, 11-0141, pp. 10-11 (La. 12/6/11), 79 So.3d 309, 316.

Additionally, the trial court enjoys wide discretion in determining who may be

qualified as an expert and what expert testimony is admitted. State v. Hampton, 15-

1222, p. 11 (La. App. 4 Cir. 12/23/15), 183 So.3d 769, 776.

Louisiana Code of Evidence article 702(A), at the time of Defendant’s trial,

provided:

A witness who is qualified as an expert by knowledge,
skill, experience, training, or education may testify in the
form of an opinion or otherwise if:

(1) The expert’s scientific, technical, or other specialized
knowledge will help the trier of fact to understand the
evidence or to determine a fact in issue;

(2) The testimony is based on sufficient facts or data;

(3) The testimony is the product of reliable principles and
methods; and

(4) The expert has reliably applied the principles and
methods to the facts of the case.

During voir dire, Ms. Nezat testified that she was director of the analytics

unit at NOPD. She testified that she held certifications in GeoTime software and

that she held a law enforcement analyst foundational certification through an

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international association of crime analysts. She testified that “GeoTime is a

software application that helps us visualize . . . cell phone data” and explained that

“it doesn’t change the data in any way, but it . . . allows us to look at it on both

geospatials, so location, and temporum axis. So we can look at it by time and

location.” She testified that the protocol she followed using GeoTime was the

customary accepted practice nationwide and that she had analyzed phones in sixty-

two cases.

Ms. Nezat testified that she held a “desktop level one” certification with

GeoTime software, explaining that it required “basic foundational skills in call

detail records analysis,” such as “how call towers work, what the data will look

like and how to interpret carrier records because all carriers have slightly different

ways of coding their records.” She stated that she also had a “desktop two level

certification,” which she explained is “a more advanced analysis” involving the

analysis of “multiple phones in the same plane, looking for pattern detection, [and]

contact analysis.” She further stated that she had an “enterprise” level certification

in “detailed contact analysis” and that her “expert certification” in GeoTime was

pending.

Considering the evidence presented of Ms. Nezat’s extensive specialized

training and work experience in the use of GeoTime software, we do not find that

the district court abused its wide discretion in qualifying her to testify as an expert

in GeoTime software analysis. Accordingly, this assignment lacks merit.

Assignment of Error 4: Late Disclosure of Evidence

Taylor asserts that the State “seriously hamstrung the defense’s right to

present a defense by the late disclosure of potentially exculpatory evidence,”

15

namely, certain crime scene photos and the rap sheet of one of the State’s

witnesses.

Crime Scene Photographs

During her direct examination, Detective Alcala identified several

photographs of the crime scene. Defense counsel stated that a group of the

photographs had not been provided to the defense and that he therefore did not

have an opportunity to view the photographs prior to trial. The court provided

defense counsel time to view the photographs in chambers. After the recess, the

prosecutor explained that the photographs had been sent to defense counsel, but

that “they were sent through an evidence.com link which has been known to have

the ability to have errors and problems with it,” and noted that defense counsel

viewed the photographs during the recess. Defense counsel then stated:

I don’t know the number, but there is a group of
photographs that I did not have an opportunity to review
prior to trial. I have, however, now had the opportunity to
review them during trial. I’d just like the record to reflect
that we didn’t have them before court, and any objection
that needs to be made about individual photos we’ll make
during the course and scope.

Thereafter, Defense counsel made no objections to any individual photographs.

The trial transcript reflects that once Defense counsel informed the trial

court that he had not had an opportunity to view a group of crime scene photos that

had been published to the jury, the court provided him an opportunity to review the

photographs before Detective Alcala resumed her testimony. Counsel did not

request additional time to review the photographs; rather, he appeared satisfied

with his review of the photographs and stated that, if “need[ed],” he would object

to individual photographs. Thereafter, he made no objection to any individual

photograph. Accordingly, this assignment lacks merit.

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Disclosure of Rap Sheet

The State called Aurora Sanders, Sanders’s mother and Cornelius’s cousin,

to testify. Shortly before her testimony, the State disclosed her rap sheet, which

reflected a November, 2021 arrest. Defendant objected to the timeliness of the

State’s disclosure.

La. C.Cr.P. art. 717 requires the State, upon written request of the defendant,

to turn over copies of the State’s witnesses’ arrest and conviction records.4 The

purpose of pretrial discovery procedures is to eliminate unwarranted prejudice to a

defendant which could arise from surprise testimony. State v. Elie, 05-1569, pp.

15-16 (La. 7/10/06), 936 So.2d 791, 802. However, the State’s failure to comply

with discovery requests does not constitute reversible error unless actual prejudice

results to the defendant. Id.

Ms. Sanders did not testify as to any facts relating to the shootings. Her

testimony was limited to identifying photographs of Sanders and Cornelius, and

describing the loving relationship Sanders had with his family. Defense counsel

did not cross-examine her. We find that the State’s disclosure of Ms. Sanders’s rap

sheet shortly before her testimony did not result in prejudice to Defendant.

Accordingly, this assignment lacks merit.

Assignment of Error 5: Excessive Sentence

In his fifth assignment of error, Defendant asserts that the consecutive nature

of his obstruction of justice sentence makes it excessive. The record reflects that

Defendant did not object to his sentence at the time it was imposed, nor did he file

a motion to reconsider sentence pursuant to La. C.Cr.P. art. 881.1. The failure to

4 Under La. C.Cr.P. art. 717(C), “[t]he district attorney shall not be required to disclose . . .

records of arrests and convictions until the commencement of trial.”

17

file a motion to reconsider sentence, or to state specific grounds upon which the

motion is based, limits a defendant to a review of his sentence for constitutional

excessiveness only. State v. Manuel, 21-0273, p. 14 (La. App. 4 Cir. 4/6/22), 337

So.3d 967, 975; see also State v. DeGruy, 20-0290, p. 8 (La. App. 4 Cir. 10/29/20),

307 So.3d 258, 264. The excessiveness of a consecutive sentence is not included in

a bare constitutional review. State v. Durant, 24-243, p. 5 (La. App. 5 Cir.

2/26/25), 406 So.3d 736, 743 (citing State v. Rodgers, 16-14, p. 18 (La. App. 5 Cir.

10/26/16), 202 So.3d 1189, 1200). Accordingly, we find Defendant is precluded

from challenging as excessive the consecutive nature of his obstruction of justice

sentence.

CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, Defendant’s convictions on second degree murder

and obstruction of justice are affirmed, and his sentences on his second degree

murder convictions are affirmed. The matter is remanded to the district court to

amend Defendant’s sentence for obstruction of justice to delete the illegal

restriction on parole eligibility. We order that the district court instruct the Clerk of

Criminal District Court to transmit the corrected sentencing document to the

officer in charge of the institution to which Defendant has been sentenced.

CONVICTIONS AFFIRMED; SENTENCES ON SECOND DEGREE
MURDER CONVICTIONS AFFIRMED; REMANDED FOR PUPRPOSE
OF AMENDING OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE SENTENCE TO DELETE
ILLEGAL RESTRICTION ON PAROLE ELIGIBILITY

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