Succession of Raymond John Brandt

SUCCESSION OF RAYMOND JOHN NO. 21-C-310
BRANDT
FIFTH CIRCUIT

COURT OF APPEAL

STATE OF LOUISIANA

ON APPLICATION FOR SUPERVISORY REVIEW FROM THE
TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF JEFFERSON, STATE OF LOUISIANA
NO. 801-807, DIVISION "P"
HONORABLE LEE V. FAULKNER, JR., JUDGE PRESIDING

September 22, 2021

JUDE G. GRAVOIS
JUDGE

Panel composed of Judges Fredericka Homberg Wicker,
Jude G. Gravois, and John J. Molaison, Jr.

WRIT GRANTED; RULING REVERSED; MATTER REMANDED
JGG
FHW
JJM

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/RELATOR,
JESSICA FUSSELL BRANDT
Fred L. Herman
David R. Sherman
Walter R. Woodruff, Jr.
Matthew A. Sherman
Jacob D. Young
Meredith E. Chehardy
Monica L. Hof

COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/RESPONDENT,
MARC S. MILANO
Timothy S. Madden
Henry A. King
J. Grant Coleman
Robert J. Burvant
W. Spencer King

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/RESPONDENT,
ZACHARY HARTLINE AND ALEXIS HARTLINE
Thomas M. Flanagan
Randall A. Smith
Dylan T, Leach
Anders F. Holmgren

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/RESPONDENT,
TODD DEMPSTER
Philip A. Franco
Courtney C. Miller
William K. Wright, IV
Jeffrey E. Richardson

GRAVOIS, J.

Relator, Jessica Fussell Brandt, widow of Raymond John Brandt, seeks this

Court’s supervisory review of the trial court’s May 11, 2021 judgment which

granted the “Motion for Interim Allowance for Maintenance During

Administration” filed by Alexis Carroll Hartline and Zachary Shawn Hartline. For

the reasons that follow, we grant this writ application, reverse the ruling under

review, and remand the matter for further proceedings.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Raymond John Brandt died on November 14, 2019. He was survived by his

spouse, Jessica Fussell Brandt, and their adopted children, Alexis Carroll Hartline

and Zachary Shawn Hartline (“the Hartlines”). On March 19, 2021, the Hartlines

filed a “Motion for Interim Allowance for Maintenance During Administration,” in

which they argued that as forced heirs of Mr. Brandt,1 they are each entitled to an

amount exceeding $15,000.00 per month for their maintenance during the period of

the administration of Mr. Brandt’s estate, pursuant to La. C.C.P. art. 3321.

Following a hearing on the motion on May 4, 2021,2 the trial court signed a

judgment on May 11, 2021 which granted the motion and found that during the

period of administration of Mr. Brandt’s estate, the Hartlines are entitled to a

reasonable periodic allowance in money for their maintenance.3

In her writ application, Mrs. Brandt argues that as the sole income

beneficiary of Mr. Brandt’s estate for life, under both his 2010 and 2019 wills,4 the

1
It is undisputed that the Hartlines are forced heirs of Mr. Brandt.
2
The hearing transcript is part of a previous writ application filed in this Court, No. 21-C-289. A
number of exhibits were admitted at the hearing according to the transcript, but they were not attached to
this writ application.
3
The parties filed a stipulated order wherein they agreed that this matter would be set for hearing
on May 4, 2021, during which they would present oral argument only regarding whether as a matter of
Louisiana law the Hartlines are entitled to an allowance pursuant to La. C.C.P. art. 3321. If it was
determined that they are not precluded from receiving an allowance, then at a subsequent hearing the
Court would determine whether such an allowance is necessary, and if so, a reasonable amount of any
such interim allowance.
4
According to the writ application, Mr. Brandt’s 2010 will provides for a testamentary trust with
Mrs. Brandt as the lifetime income beneficiary. Mr. Brandt’s 2019 will places the assets from his estate

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Hartlines are not entitled to any income from Mr. Brandt’s estate until her death,

including an interim allowance during the period of administration of Mr. Brandt’s

estate. She contends that pursuant to both La. C.C. art. 1499 and La. R.S. 9:1844,

the legitime in trust can be burdened with an income interest in favor of the

surviving spouse and that income interest can be to the same extent and for the

same term as a spousal usufruct. Thus, her designation as the sole income

beneficiary of Mr. Brandt’s estate for life is a permissible burden on the forced

heirs’ legitime. She argues that La. C.C.P. art. 3321 allows for an advance during

the period of administration from the amount the requesting individual will receive

when the period of administration ends. Mrs. Brandt contends that the Hartlines

are not entitled to any income from Mr. Brandt’s estate until she dies, regardless of

when the period of administration ends. Thus, Mrs. Brandt avers that if the

Hartlines are not due any funds from Mr. Brandt’s estate when the period of

administration ends, then they are not entitled to an interim allowance during the

period of administration. Finally, she argues that La. R.S. 9:1841(1), which

provides that when the legitime is placed in trust, after taking into account all of

the other income and support to be received by the forced heir during the year, the

trustee shall distribute to the forced heir, or to the legal guardian of the forced heir,

funds from the net income in trust sufficient for the health, maintenance, support,

and education of the forced heir, is inapplicable in this case because she has been

named the sole income beneficiary of Mr. Brandt’s estate for life.

In opposition, the Hartlines argue that even though Mrs. Brandt is named as

the sole income beneficiary of Mr. Brandt’s estate for life, this trust benefit in

favor of Mrs. Brandt is not permitted to impinge upon their legitime. They argue

that as forced heirs, pursuant to La. R.S. 9:1841(1), they are mandated to receive

into a 2015 inter vivos trust with Mrs. Brandt as the lifetime income beneficiary. It has not yet been
finally determined whether or which of Mr. Brandt’s wills will be controlling herein.

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“funds from the net income in trust sufficient for the health, maintenance, support,

and education of the forced heir.” If not, they argue their legitime is impermissibly

impinged upon. They argue that Mrs. Brandt is an income beneficiary, not a

usufructuary, and that La. R.S. 9:1844 only establishes that the length of her

income interest may equal that of a spousal usufruct and not that she is a

usufructuary that can take all income and ignore the requirements of La. R.S.

9:1841(1). The Hartlines contend that their right to maintenance from their

legitime is not contingent upon them having a present income interest from Mr.

Brandt’s estate.

ANALYSIS

At issue herein is the interpretation of pertinent sections of the Louisiana

Trust Code, specifically La. R.S. 9:1841 and La. R.S. 9:1844. The Hartlines assert

that La. R.S. 9:1841(1) mandates that they are entitled to income for maintenance,

no matter what and notwithstanding the fact that Mrs. Brandt is the sole income

beneficiary of Mr. Brandt’s estate for life, or else their legitime will be

impermissibly impinged upon. Mrs. Brandt argues that the Hartlines are

interpreting La. R.S. 9:1841(1) in isolation, thus rendering La. R.S. 9:1841(2) and

La. R.S. 9:1844 devoid of meaning.

Louisiana Revised Statute 9:1841, entitled “General Rule,” provides:

The legitime or any portion thereof may be placed in trust provided:
(1) The trustee after taking into account all of the other income and
support to be received by the forced heir during the year shall
distribute to the forced heir, or to the legal guardian of the forced
heir, funds from the net income in trust sufficient for the health,
maintenance, support, and education of the forced heir.
(2) The forced heir’s interest is subject to no charges or conditions
except as provided in R.S. 9:1843, 1844, 1891 through 1906 and
Subpart B of Part III of this Chapter.
(3) Except as permitted by R.S. 9:1844, the term of the trust, as it
affects the legitime, does not exceed the life of the forced heir; and

21-C-310 3

(4) The principal shall be delivered to the forced heir or his heirs,
legatees, or assignees free of trust, upon the termination of the
portion of the trust that affects the legitime.

Louisiana Revised Statute 9:1844, entitled “Legitime burdened with income

interest or usufruct,” provides:

The legitime in trust may be burdened with an income interest or with
a usufruct in favor of a surviving spouse to the same extent and for the
same term that a usufruct of the same property could be stipulated in
favor of the same person for a like period.5

The starting point in the interpretation of any statute is the language of the

statute itself. When a law is clear and unambiguous and its application does not

lead to absurd consequences, the law shall be applied as written. La. C.C. art. 9;

La. R.S. 1:4; In re Clegg, 10-0323 (La. 7/6/10), 41 So.3d 1141, 1154 (per curiam).

Words and phrases are to be read in their context, and are to be construed

according to the common and approved usage of the language employed. La.

C.C.P. art. 5053. Further, laws on the same subject matter must be interpreted in

reference to each other. La. C.C. art. 13. All laws pertaining to the same subject

matter must be interpreted in pari materia. Acurio v. Acurio, 16-1395 (La. 5/3/17),

224 So.3d 935, 938. The legislature is presumed to have acted with deliberation

and to have enacted each article in light of the preceding law involving the same

subject matter and court decisions involving those articles. See La. R.S.

24:177(C); Rebel Distributors Corporation, Inc. v. LUBA Workers’ Comp., 13-

0749 (La. 10/15/13), 144 So.3d 825, 836. Courts must interpret a law in a way that

harmonizes and reconciles it with other provisions dealing with the same subject

5
With respect to a usufruct in favor of a surviving spouse, La. C.C. art. 1499 provides as follows:
The decedent may grant a usufruct to the surviving spouse over all or part of his property,
including the forced portion, and may grant the usufructuary the power to dispose of
nonconsumables as provided in the law of usufruct. The usufruct shall be for life unless
expressly designated for a shorter period, and shall not require security except as
expressly declared by the decedent or as permitted when the legitime is affected.
A usufruct over the legitime in favor of the surviving spouse is a permissible burden that
does not impinge upon the legitime, whether it affects community property or separate
property, whether it is for life or a shorter period, whether or not the forced heir is a
descendant of the surviving spouse, and whether or not the usufructuary has the power to
dispose of nonconsumables.

21-C-310 4

matter. See Holly & Smith Architects, Inc. v. St. Helena Congregate Facility, Inc.,

06-0582 (La. 11/29/06), 943 So.2d 1037, 1045. Additionally, courts must give

effect to all parts of a law and, if avoidable, should not give an interpretation that

makes any part superfluous or meaningless. Id.

As previously stated, La. R.S. 9:1841 provides that a legitime may be placed

in trust if four requirements are met, including the requirement set forth in La. R.S.

9:1841(1) which states that, after taking into account all of the other income and

support to be received by the forced heir during the year, the trustee shall distribute

to the forced heir, or to the legal guardian of the forced heir, funds from the net

income in trust sufficient for the health, maintenance, support, and education of the

forced heir. As another requirement, La. R.S. 9:1841(2) states that the forced

heir’s interest cannot be subject to any charges or conditions except those

specifically provided by the Trust Code, including La. R.S. 9:1844. Louisiana

Revised Statute 9:1844 clearly states that a permissible burden on the legitime is an

income interest in favor of the surviving spouse. Thus, both La. R.S. 9:1841(2)

and La. R.S. 9:1844 allow for the legitime to be burdened with an income interest

in favor of the surviving spouse.6 In that case, the surviving spouse is entitled to

the income as provided for in the applicable trust.7 The Hartlines argue that their

right to funds for maintenance pursuant to La. R.S. 9:1841(1) is not contingent

6
Contrary to arguments made by the Hartlines in brief, La. R.S. 9:1844 provides that the legitime
in trust may be burdened with a usufruct in favor of a surviving spouse not only “for the same term” as a
usufruct granted to the surviving spouse outside of trust, but also “to the same extent” as a usufruct
granted to the surviving spouse outside of trust.
Further, La. C.C. art. 1499 clearly provides that a usufruct over the legitime in favor of the
surviving spouse is a permissible burden that does not impinge upon the legitime, to wit: “A usufruct over
the legitime in favor of the surviving spouse is a permissible burden that does not impinge upon the
legitime whether it affects community property or separate property, whether it is for life or a shorter
period, whether or not the forced heir is a descendant of the surviving spouse, and whether or not the
usufructuary has the power to dispose of nonconsumables.”
7
See also La. R.S. 9:1725, which defines income beneficiary as follows:
(2) ‘Income beneficiary’ means a beneficiary to whom income is payable, presently,
conditionally, or in the future, or for whom it is accumulated, or who is entitled to the
beneficial use of principal presently, conditionally, or in the future, for a time before
its distribution.

21-C-310 5

upon them having a present income interest in Mr. Brandt’s estate. We find,

however, that such an interpretation would render La. R.S. 9:1844 meaningless.

Upon considering La. R.S. 9:1841, La. R.S. 9:1844, and La. C.C. art. 1499 in pari

materia, we find that although a forced heir is generally entitled to receive income

pursuant to La. R.S. 9:1841(1), when the surviving spouse is named as an income

beneficiary, which is a permissible burden on the legitime pursuant to La. R.S.

9:1844, the surviving spouse is entitled to the income as provided for in the

applicable trust—in this case Mrs. Brandt is the sole income beneficiary of Mr.

Brandt’s estate for life—not the forced heir. Our interpretation of these statutes

harmonizes and reconciles them with other provisions of law dealing with the same

subject matter, gives effect to all parts thereof, and gives an interpretation thereof

that does not make any part thereof superfluous or meaningless.8 Thus, under the

current facts and circumstances presented, we find that the Hartlines are not

entitled to any part of the “net income in trust sufficient for the health,

maintenance, support, and education of the forced heir” from Mr. Brandt’s estate

pursuant to La. R.S. 9:1841(1).9

Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure art. 3321 provides:

When a succession is sufficiently solvent, the surviving spouse, heirs,
or legatees shall be entitled to a reasonable periodic allowance in
money for their maintenance during the period of administration, if
the court concludes that such an allowance is necessary, provided the
sums so advanced to the spouse, heirs, or legatees are within the
amount eventually due them. Such payments shall be charged to the
share of the person receiving them.

8
See La. C.C. art. 13, Acurio v. Acurio, supra, and Holly & Smith Architects, Inc. v. St. Helena
Congregate Facility, Inc., supra.
9
See Edward E. Chase, Jr., 11 Louisiana Civil Law Treatise, Trusts (2d ed.), 11 La. Civ. L.
Treatise, Trusts (2d ed.), § 11:1: “One of the permissible burdens on the legitime in trust is an income or
usufruct interest created in the surviving spouse of the testator; such an interest, if it exists, reduces the
forced heir’s right to income and may alter the duration of the trust.”
See also Edward E. Chase, Jr., 11 Louisiana Civil Law Treatise, Trusts (2d ed.), § 11:6, fn.1,
citing Edward F. Martin, Louisiana’s Law of Trusts 25 Years After Adoption of the Trust Code, 50 La. L.
Rev. 501, 525 (1990): “If the surviving spouse has a usufruct or income interest over the forced portion,
the spouse rather than the forced heir is entitled to income for the duration of the spouse’s interest.”

21-C-310 6

A surviving spouse, heir, or legatee may compel the payment of an
allowance during the administration by contradictory motion against
the succession representative.

Notice of the filing of a petition for authority to pay an allowance, or
of a contradictory motion to compel the payment of an allowance,
shall be published once in the manner provided by law.10 The notice
shall state that any opposition must be filed within ten days from the
date of publication

The 1960 Comment A to La. C.C.P. art. 3321 states, in pertinent part:

This article codifies the principles announced in Succession of
Broadaway, 3 La. Ann. 591 (1848); Succession of Ledet, 175 La. 225,
143 So. 56 (1932); and Succession of Wengert, 180 La. 483, 156 So.
473 (1934). The Broadaway case holds that the administrator has the
right to make reasonable advances to the widow and minor heirs and
that such advances are chargeable to the persons who receive them.

It is undisputed that under the terms of whichever testament and/or trust is

controlling herein and as permitted by the Trust Code, Mrs. Brandt, the surviving

spouse, is the sole income beneficiary of Mr. Brandt’s estate for life. As such,

following the period of administration, the Hartlines are not entitled to any income

from Mr. Brandt’s estate. Thus, under the current facts and circumstances

presented, we find that the Hartlines are not entitled to “a reasonable periodic

allowance in money for their maintenance during the period of administration” of

Mr. Brandt’s estate pursuant to La. C.C.P. art. 3321. Therefore, we find the trial

court erred in granting the Hartlines’ “Motion for Interim Allowance for

Maintenance During Administration.”

DECREE

For the foregoing reasons, we grant this writ application, reverse the trial

court’s ruling under review, and remand the matter to the trial court for further

proceedings.

WRIT GRANTED; RULING REVERSED;
MATTER REMANDED

10
The writ application does not include any evidence that this notice was published as required
by the statute.

21-C-310 7

SUSAN M. CHEHARDY CURTIS B. PURSELL

CHIEF JUDGE CLERK OF COURT

NANCY F. VEGA
FREDERICKA H. WICKER
CHIEF DEPUTY CLERK
JUDE G. GRAVOIS
MARC E. JOHNSON
ROBERT A. CHAISSON SUSAN S. BUCHHOLZ
STEPHEN J. WINDHORST
FIRST DEPUTY CLERK
HANS J. LILJEBERG
JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR. FIFTH CIRCUIT
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NOTICE OF JUDGMENT AND CERTIFICATE OF DELIVERY
I CERTIFY THAT A COPY OF THE OPINION IN THE BELOW-NUMBERED MATTER HAS BEEN DELIVERED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH UNIFORM RULES - COURT OF APPEAL, RULE 2-16.4 AND 2-16.5 THIS DAY
SEPTEMBER 22, 2021 TO THE TRIAL JUDGE, CLERK OF COURT, COUNSEL OF RECORD AND ALL
PARTIES NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL, AS LISTED BELOW:

21-C-310
E-NOTIFIED
24TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT (CLERK)
HON. LEE V. FAULKNER, JR. (DISTRICT JUDGE)
FRED L. HERMAN (RELATOR) MATTHEW A. SHERMAN (RELATOR) MONICA L. HOF (RELATOR)
WALTER R. WOODRUFF, JR. (RELATOR) ROBERT J. BURVANT (RESPONDENT) W. SPENCER KING (RESPONDENT)
DYLAN T, LEACH (RESPONDENT) RANDALL A. SMITH (RESPONDENT) THOMAS M. FLANAGAN (RESPONDENT)
COURTNEY C. MILLER (RESPONDENT) JEFFREY E. RICHARDSON (RESPONDENT) PHILIP A. FRANCO (RESPONDENT)
WILLIAM K. WRIGHT, IV (RESPONDENT)

MAILED
ANDERS F. HOLMGREN (RESPONDENT) HENRY A. KING (RESPONDENT) DAVID R. SHERMAN (RELATOR)
ATTORNEY AT LAW J. GRANT COLEMAN (RESPONDENT) JACOB D. YOUNG (RELATOR)
201 ST. CHARLES AVENUE TIMOTHY S. MADDEN (RESPONDENT) MEREDITH E. CHEHARDY (RELATOR)
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