Rosa Tabora Quiroz Versus Wal-Mart Louisiana, LLC

ROSA TABORA QUIROZ NO. 21-CA-389

VERSUS FIFTH CIRCUIT

WAL-MART LOUISIANA, LLC COURT OF APPEAL

STATE OF LOUISIANA

ON APPEAL FROM THE TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF JEFFERSON, STATE OF LOUISIANA
NO. 799-920, DIVISION "I"
HONORABLE NANCY A. MILLER, JUDGE PRESIDING

February 23, 2022

JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR.
JUDGE

Panel composed of Judges Fredericka Homberg Wicker,
Jude G. Gravois, and John J. Molaison, Jr.

AFFIRMED
JJM
FHW
JGG

COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT,
ROSA TABORA QUIROZ
John W. Redmann
Edward L. Moreno
Travis J. Causey, Jr.
Benjamin B. Perkins

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE,
WAL-MART LOUISIANA, LLC
Isidro R. DeRojas
Christopher James-Lomax

MOLAISON, J.

The plaintiff/appellant in this matter, Mrs. Rosa Quiroz, appeals the trial

court’s ruling that granted summary judgment in favor of the defendant, Wal-Mart

Louisiana, LLC, and dismissed her case with prejudice. For the reasons that

follow, we affirm.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On September 27, 2019, Mrs. Quiroz filed a petition for damages at the

Twenty-Fourth Judicial District Court which alleged that she had sustained several

injuries after she slipped and fell at a Kenner Wal-Mart on June 30, 2019. In her

petition, Mrs. Quiroz claimed that the accident took place near the produce aisle,

and that she had slipped in what appeared to be “spilled juice.”1

On December 5, 2019, Wal-Mart answered the petition and denied any

liability. Thereafter, on February 25, 2021, Wal-Mart filed a motion for summary

judgment on the basis Mrs. Quiroz could not meet her burden of proof under La.

R.S. 9:2800.6, the Louisiana Merchant Liability Statute. Specifically, Wal-Mart

argued Mrs. Quiroz could not prove it created or had actual or constructive

knowledge of the allegedly hazardous condition, an essential element of her claim,

because she had failed to demonstrate that the alleged substance on the floor

existed for such a period of time that it would have been discovered if Wal-Mart

had exercised reasonable care.

In support of its motion for summary judgment, Wal-Mart submitted the

deposition testimony of Mrs. Quiroz, wherein she testified that she did not know

(1) where the alleged substance upon which she slipped came from; (2) what

caused it; (3) how long the substance was present on the floor prior to her fall, or;

(4) whether anyone at the store had actual knowledge that the alleged substance

1
In her deposition testimony, Mrs. Quiroz identified the liquid she slipped in as “Gatorade.” She
explained that she assumed the liquid was Gatorade because she slipped next to the “Gatorade display”;
however, she did not recall seeing any bottles on the floor before or after she fell.

21-CA-389 1

was present on the floor before she fell. Wal-Mart also included in its motion the

deposition of Mrs. Quiroz’s husband, Ufemio Rojas, who testified that he did not

know what type of liquid was in the spill. Mr. Rojas also did not know where the

liquid had come from or how long it had been on the floor before his wife’s

accident. He estimated that the size of the spill after the accident was a little larger

than two legal-sized sheets of paper.

Additionally, Wal-Mart submitted the deposition testimony of three

employees: Vincent Robinson, Gina Cotton, and Alcira Mejia.

Mr. Robinson recalled at his deposition that on that date of the accident, he

was employed by Wal-Mart as an assistant store manager. He had walked down

the aisle in the same area of the fall just minutes before Mrs. Quiroz, and did not

see any liquid on the floor. He stated that, at the time of Mrs. Quiroz’s accident, he

was speaking to a fellow assistant store manager, Gina Cotton, at the end of the

same “action alley” where Mrs. Quiroz fell. Mr. Robinson recalled that he first

learned of the accident when a male customer insisted on getting Mr. Robinson’s

attention to tell him that the customer had “just spilled a Gatorade on the floor.”

Mr. Robinson testified that he was approximately six feet away from the spill. As

soon as the customer had provided the information, Mr. Robinson followed the

store’s policy and began to turn and walk toward the spill in order to stop anyone

from stepping into it. Mr. Robinson said that within a couple of seconds of being

informed of a spill, or nearly simultaneously, Mrs. Quiroz fell. He did not

personally witness Mrs. Quiroz fall. After the accident, Mr. Robinson was brought

an iPad by Ms. Cotton and he began to draft an incident report. Mr. Robinson

explained that he did not get the name of the male customer, who had walked away

from the area after reporting the spill, because he was tending to Mrs. Quiroz and

did not want to leave her on the floor. He also did not observe the cause of the

spill.

21-CA-389 2

Ms. Cotton, during her deposition testimony, stated that she was employed

by Wal-Mart as an assistant manager on the date of Mrs. Quiroz’s slip and fall.

She recalled that, at approximately 1:00 p.m., she was speaking to Mr. Robinson,

and letting him know that she was leaving for the day because she felt ill. Similar

to Mr. Robinson’s testimony, Ms. Cotton stated that a male customer indicated to

her and Mr. Robinson that he had “just spilled” something when, at the same time,

she observed Mrs. Quiroz begin to slide on the floor. Aside from obtaining an iPad

for Mr. Robinson, she had no involvement in writing the accident report. She did

not see any liquid on the floor prior to Mrs. Quiroz’s fall. Ms. Cotton recalled that

the male customer who had indicated he spilled the Gatorade told Mr. Robinson

that he did not want to give a statement. After bringing Mr. Robinson the iPad, Ms.

Cotton briefly walked past the area of the liquid and noticed a Gatorade bottle on

the floor with a “broken top.”

The final deposition included in Wal-Mart’s motion was that of Ms. Alcira

Mejia, who was employed by Wal-Mart as a cleaner in the strategic maintenance

department on the date of the accident. Ms. Mejia could provide no information

about how long the liquid may have been on the floor before Mrs. Quiroz slipped

and fell, though she did acknowledge that she found a Gatorade bottle on the floor

when she was cleaning the area after the fall.

Based on the evidence presented, Wal-Mart argued in its motion for

summary judgment that Mrs. Quiroz could not prove that it had constructive notice

of a hazardous condition that existed on the floor for some period of time prior to

her fall and, thus, could not carry her burden of proof of this element at trial.

In opposing Wal-Mart’s motion, Mrs. Quiroz argued that there was a

genuine issue of material fact of what exactly the unknown male customer said to

Mr. Robinson and Ms. Cotton about when the spill occurred. She also argued that

there were credibility issues with the deposition testimony of Mr. Robinson and

21-CA-389 3

Ms. Cotton that created issues of material fact. Finally, Mrs. Quiroz asserted that

there were issues of fact regarding whether Wal-Mart had exercised care and

diligence in inspecting its aisles and proactively looking for hazards. In her

opposition to the motion for summary judgment, Mrs. Quiroz attached a copy of

Wal-Mart’s own internal claim report regarding her accident, Wal-Mart’s answers

to interrogatories,2 and a store video from the date of the fall.

The trial court granted Wal-Mart’s motion for summary judgment on May

11, 2021, following a hearing on May 6, 2021. This timely devolutive appeal by

Mrs. Quiroz followed.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

On appeal, Mrs. Quiroz first contends that the trial court erred in granting

Wal-Mart’s motion for summary judgment based upon its finding that she would

be unable to sustain her burden of showing Wal-Mart had constructive notice of

the spill that allegedly caused her fall. Ms. Quiroz also asserts that the trial court

erred in concluding that her evidence was speculative and in failing to recognize

“circumstantial evidence” which created a genuine issue of material fact.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

After an opportunity for adequate discovery, a motion for summary

judgment shall be granted if the motion, memorandum, and supporting documents

show that there is no genuine issue as to material fact and that the mover is entitled

to judgment as a matter of law. La. C.C.P. art. 966(A)(3). Factual inferences

reasonably drawn from the evidence must be construed in favor of the party

opposing a motion for summary judgment, and all doubt must be resolved in the

opponent's favor. Willis v. Medders, 00-2507 (La. 12/8/00), 775 So.2d 1049, 1050

(per curiam). In determining whether summary judgment is appropriate, appellate

2
The documents referenced in Wal-Mart’s answers to interrogatories do not appear in the record on
appeal.

21-CA-389 4

courts review evidence de novo under the same criteria that govern the trial court's

determination of whether summary judgment is appropriate. Samaha v. Rau, 07-

1726 (La. 2/26/08), 977 So.2d 880.

The trial court’s reasons for judgment

On appeal, to support her argument that the trial court improperly analyzed

the evidence presented, Mrs. Quiroz relies heavily on trial court’s written reasons

for judgment in which it explained the finding that what Mrs. Quiroz considered to

be evidence of how the liquid ended up on the floor was “speculative.” Mrs.

Quiroz also contends that the trial court erred in concluding that her evidence was

speculative, as indicated in its reasons for judgment, because she did but not

articulate other scenarios that would explain why the floor was wet at the time of

the fall.

As noted by the Louisiana Supreme Court in Wooley v. Lucksinger, 09-571

(La. 4/1/11), 61 So.3d 507, 572, while an appellate court is entitled to consider

reasons for judgment in order to gain insight into a district court’s judgment, the

job of the appellate court is to review the district court’s judgment, not its reasons

for judgment. Similarly, this Court has previously found that the reasons for

judgment form no part of the judgment on appeal. See, Wempren v. St. James Par.

Sch. Bd., 15-709 (La. App. 5 Cir. 5/12/16), 193 So.3d 349, 354. Because an

appellate court’s standard of review of a judgment granting or denying summary

judgment is de novo, we are not restricted to only a review of the reasoning of the

trial court. Bertaut v. Corral Gulfsouth, Inc., 16-93 (La. App. 5 Cir. 12/21/16), 209

So.3d 352, 359.

Merchant liability and the element of notice

Louisiana's Merchant Liability Statute, La. R.S. 9:2800.6, which is

applicable to this case, provides in relevant part:

21-CA-389 5

A. A merchant owes a duty to persons who use his premises to
exercise reasonable care to keep his aisles, passageways, and floors in
a reasonably safe condition. This duty includes a reasonable effort to
keep the premises free of any hazardous conditions which reasonably
might give rise to damage.

B. In a negligence claim brought against a merchant by a person
lawfully on the merchant's premises for damages as a result of an
injury, death, or loss sustained because of a fall due to a condition
existing in or on a merchant’s premises, the claimant shall have the
burden of proving, in addition to all other elements of his cause of
action, all of the following:

(1) The condition presented an unreasonable risk of harm
to the claimant and that risk of harm was reasonably
foreseeable.
(2) The merchant either created or had actual or constructive
notice of the condition which caused the damage, prior to the
occurrence.
(3) The merchant failed to exercise reasonable care. In
determining reasonable care, the absence of a written or verbal
uniform cleanup or safety procedure is insufficient, alone, to
prove failure to exercise reasonable care.

C. Definitions:

(1) “Constructive notice” means the claimant has proven
that the condition existed for such a period of time that it would
have been discovered if the merchant had exercised reasonable
care. The presence of an employee of the merchant in the
vicinity in which the condition exists does not, alone, constitute
constructive notice, unless it is shown that the employee knew,
or in the exercise of reasonable care should have known, of the
condition.

As indicated above, the plaintiff must prove that the merchant either created

or had actual or constructive notice of the condition which caused the damage prior

to the occurrence. Upton v. Rouse's Enter., LLC, 15-484 (La. App. 5 Cir. 2/24/16),

186 So.3d 1195, 1200, writ denied, 16-0580 (La. 5/13/16), 191 So.3d 1057. Mere

conclusory allegations, improbable inferences, and unsupported speculation will

not support a finding of a genuine issue of material fact. Sears v. Home Depot,

USA, Inc., 06-201 (La. App. 4 Cir. 10/18/06), 943 So.2d 1219, 1228, writ denied,

06-2747 (La. 1/26/07), 948 So.2d 168. Even if contained in a deposition, such

21-CA-389 6

inferences, allegations, and speculation are not sufficient to satisfy the opponent's

burden of proof. Id.

The temporal element

A plaintiff who relies upon constructive notice under La. R.S.

9:2800.6(B)(2) must come forward with “positive evidence” showing the damage-

causing condition existed for some period of time and that such time was sufficient

to place the merchant defendant on notice of its existence. Flowers v. Wal-Mart

Stores, Inc., 12-140 (La. App. 5 Cir. 7/31/12), 99 So.3d 696, 699. This is referred

to as a “temporal” element. White v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 97-0393 (La. 9/9/97),

699 So.2d 1081. As this Court explained in Batiste v. United Fire & Cas. Co., 17-

482 (La. App. 5 Cir. 3/14/18), 241 So.3d 491, 498:

Absent some showing of the temporal element, there can
be no inference of constructive notice. Id. The plaintiff must
make a positive showing of the existence of the condition prior
to the fall; mere speculation that the condition may have existed
for some period of time is insufficient. Babin, 00-0078, p. 7,
764 So.2d at 40. To the contrary, a defendant merchant is not
required to make a positive showing of the absence of the
existence of the condition prior to the fall. White, 97-0393, p. 9,
699 So.2d at 1084. Notwithstanding that such would require the
defendant to prove a negative, La. R.S. 9:2800.6 simply does
not provide a shifting of the burden. Id., 97-0393, pp. 9-10, 699
So.2d at 1084.
While there is no bright-line time period, the plaintiff
must show that the condition existed for “such a period of time
...” Id., 97-0393, p.10, 699 So.2d at 1084. Whether the period of
time is of sufficient length such that a merchant should have
discovered the condition is necessarily a fact question;
however, as a prerequisite, the plaintiff must first show “some
time period.” Id. A plaintiff who merely shows that the
condition existed, without an additional showing that the
condition existed for some time prior to the fall, has failed to
carry the burden of proving constructive notice as mandated by
the statute. Id. Though the time period need not be specific in
minutes or hours, constructive notice requires that the plaintiff
prove the condition existed for some time period before the fall.
Flowers, 12-140, p. 7, 99 So.3d at 700.

As noted above, the main focus of Wal-Mart’s motion for summary judgment was

its contention that Mrs. Quiroz would be unable to satisfy her burden of proof at

21-CA-389 7

trial under La. R.S. 9:2800.6 because she had not put forth any evidence that

Walmart created or had actual or constructive notice of the condition that she

alleges caused her to slip and fall on its premises. Conversely, Mrs. Quiroz argued

that Wal-Mart had constructive notice of the hazardous condition because it had

existed for such an amount of time that Wal-Mart should have discovered the

condition using reasonable care.

In conducting our own de novo review of the record, we first observe that

Mrs. Quiroz did not establish, through her exhibits in opposition to the motion for

summary judgment, how long the liquid which allegedly caused her to slip was on

the floor. The Wal-Mart incident report provides no details about the slip and fall.

Specifically, there is no indication in the report of how long the liquid had been on

the fall prior to the accident. Likewise, the other two exhibits included in Mrs.

Quiroz’s opposition, Wal-Mart’s answers to interrogatories and a store video from

the date of the accident, provide no information on when the liquid at issue leaked

or was spilled.

The only direct evidence of a temporal element regarding how long the

liquid at issue may have been on the floor comes through the testimony of assistant

store managers, Mr. Robinson and Ms. Cotton. Both recounted that an unknown

male customer indicated that he had caused a spill within seconds, or

contemporaneously, with Mrs. Quiroz’s slip and fall. While Mrs. Quiroz discounts

the credibility of Mr. Robinson’s and Ms. Cotton’s testimony, we note that a trial

court cannot make credibility decisions on a motion for summary judgment.

Hutchinson v. Knights of Columbus, Council No. 5747, 03-1533 (La. 2/20/04), 866

So.2d 228, 234. In deciding a motion for summary judgment, the court must

assume that all of the witnesses are credible. Independent Fire Ins. Co. v. Sunbeam

Corp., 99-2181, 99-2257 (La. 2/29/00), 755 So.2d 226, 236.

21-CA-389 8

Mrs. Quiroz also argued in opposition to the motion for summary judgment

that a genuine issue of material fact as to “how long the Gatorade bottle was

leaking on the floor, because the Gatorade bottle's cap was still intact, and the

liquid that was leaking on the floor covered an area of two legal-sized sheets of

paper held side by side.” In Luft v. Winn Dixie Montgomery, LLC, 16-559 (La.

App. 5 Cir. 2/8/17), 228 So.3d 1269, the plaintiff filed suit against a grocery store

after she slipped on piece of pizza that had been frozen. In opposing the store’s

motion for summary judgment, the plaintiff argued that the thawed condition of the

pizza was evidence of how long it had been on the floor prior to the plaintiff’s fall.

This Court acknowledged that the condition of an object, such as whether a

previously frozen object has melted, may be considered by the factfinder as

circumstantial evidence relating to the temporal element, along with other evidence

that may be indicative of how long a hazardous condition may have existed. Id. at

332. The panel also qualified that finding with the statement that “[t]o rely solely

upon the thawed condition of the pizza as indicative of the length of time that it

was present at the location of [the plaintiff’s] fall is … merely speculative.” Id.

Unlike the facts in Luft, in the instant case the cause of the spill that Mrs. Quiroz

slipped in has not been positively identified and examined. Evidence of a Gatorade

bottle in the vicinity at the site of the fall certainly could be considered as

circumstantial evidence. Similar to the reasoning in Luft, however, even assuming

that the liquid originated from a Gatorade bottle, we find the plaintiff’s proposition

that the volume of liquid on the floor definitively indicates that a spill or leak

occurred over a longer period of time is speculative.

Mrs. Quiroz argues there are genuine issues of material fact about whether

Wal-Mart exercised care in conducting frequent sweeps to prevent accidents like

the one at issue. While the evidence regarding the adequacy and timing of the

floor inspections may be relevant for proving a failure to exercise reasonable care

21-CA-389 9

to discover a hazardous condition, a delay in the performance of such procedures

offers no proof of how long any such condition may have been on the floor, a

separate and equally essential requirement of Mrs. Quiroz’s burden of proof under

Section 9:2800.6. Batiste, supra at 501.

CONCLUSION:

While Mrs. Quiroz has demonstrated that the condition which caused her fall

existed, she has not made an additional showing that the condition existed for some

time prior to the fall. Therefore, after a de novo review, we find that Mrs. Quiroz

has failed to carry the burden of proving that Wal-Mart had constructive notice of

the condition. Because Mrs. Quiroz cannot meet her burden of proving that Wal-

Mart had prior constructive notice of the condition, which is essential to her claim

under La. R.S. 9:2800.6, we find no error in the trial court’s judgment that granted

summary judgment in favor of Wal-Mart. Accordingly, for the foregoing reasons,

the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

AFFIRMED

21-CA-389 10

SUSAN M. CHEHARDY CURTIS B. PURSELL

CHIEF JUDGE CLERK OF COURT

NANCY F. VEGA
FREDERICKA H. WICKER
CHIEF DEPUTY CLERK
JUDE G. GRAVOIS
MARC E. JOHNSON
ROBERT A. CHAISSON SUSAN S. BUCHHOLZ
STEPHEN J. WINDHORST
FIRST DEPUTY CLERK
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FEBRUARY 23, 2022 TO THE TRIAL JUDGE, CLERK OF COURT, COUNSEL OF RECORD AND ALL PARTIES
NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL, AS LISTED BELOW:

21-CA-389
E-NOTIFIED
24TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT (CLERK)
HONORABLE NANCY A. MILLER (DISTRICT JUDGE)
BENJAMIN B. PERKINS (APPELLANT) EDWARD L. MORENO (APPELLANT) KELLY S. RIZZO (APPELLANT)
ISIDRO R. DEROJAS (APPELLEE) PETER S. MARTIN (APPELLEE) SIDNEY J. HARDY (APPELLEE)

MAILED
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