Esplanade Mall Realty Holding, LLC Versus Joseph P. Lopinto, III, in His Official Capacity as Sheriff and Ex-Officio Tax Collector for Jefferson Parish

ESPLANADE MALL REALTY HOLDING, LLC NO. 21-CA-554

VERSUS FIFTH CIRCUIT

JOSEPH P. LOPINTO, III, IN HIS OFFICIAL COURT OF APPEAL
CAPACITY AS SHERIFF AND EX-OFFICIO
TAX COLLECTOR FOR JEFFERSON PARISH STATE OF LOUISIANA

ON APPEAL FROM THE TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF JEFFERSON, STATE OF LOUISIANA
NO. 797-090, DIVISION "L"
HONORABLE DONALD A. ROWAN, JR., JUDGE PRESIDING

April 27, 2022

JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR.
JUDGE

Panel composed of Judges Fredericka Homberg Wicker,
Robert A. Chaisson, and John J. Molaison, Jr.

AFFIRMED
JJM
FHW
RAC

COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT,
ESPLANADE MALL REALTY HOLDING, LLC
James M. Garner
Elwood F. Cahill, Jr.
John T. Balhoff, II
Alex E. Hotard
Charles L. Stern, Jr.

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE,
JOSEPH P. LOPINTO, III, SHERIFF AND EX-OFFICIO TAX COLLECTOR
FOR THE PARISH OF JEFFERSON
Kenneth C. Fonte

MOLAISON, J.

The appellant, Esplanade Mall Realty Holding, LLC, appeals the trial court’s

sustaining the exception of no cause of action of the appellee, Joseph Lopinto III,

in his official capacity as Sheriff and Ex-officio Tax Collector for Jefferson Parish.

Because the appellant did not seek the appropriate remedy provided for by the law,

we affirm the decision of the trial court.

Facts

On September 22, 1987, Esplanade Properties Corporation, a subsidiary of

R.H. Macy & Co., Inc. (“Macy Inc.”), purchased Parcel B-1-A1-4 of the Cannes-

Brulees Subdivision in the city of Kenner in Jefferson Parish (“Macy’s Parcel”).

On January 31, 1992, Esplanade Properties Corp. filed for bankruptcy relief.1

During the automatic stay provided by the Bankruptcy Code (11 U.S.C. § 362(a)),

Jefferson Parish issued its tax bill for ad valorem taxes for tax year 1992 on the

Macy’s Parcel in the amount of $130,914.38. The Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s Office

(JPSO) conducted a tax sale for Esplanade Properties Corp.’s failure to pay the ad

valorem taxes on May 26, 1993, and the property was adjudicated to the Parish.2

On December 8, 1994, the Bankruptcy Court confirmed a Second Amended Joint

Plan of Reorganization.3

In 1995, JPSO filed suit against Esplanade Properties Corp. to proceed with

the tax sale against immovable property. On February 27, 1998, Jefferson Parish

issued a “Corrected or Duplicate Property Tax Notice” to Esplanade Properties

1
Macy Inc. filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Relief on January 27, 1992.
2
The Tax Sale Deed was not recorded until July 10, 1997.
3
The joint plan discharged all claims against debtors and enjoined all entities from asserting discharged
claims, but administrative claims of governmental units for taxes were maintained as a debt.

21-CA-554 1

Corp. for the 1992 ad valorem taxes4 allegedly still due for the Macy’s Parcel.5 On

July 11, 2000, the Property Tax Division of JPSO sent a notice that Esplanade

Properties Corp. had not redeemed the 1993 tax sale within the three-year

redemption period from the recordation of the tax sale deed, and any action to

annul the tax sale must be taken within six months of the receipt of the notice.

After Counsel for Federated Department Stores, Inc., representing Macy’s

and its subsidiaries, informed JPSO that their letter regarding the tax sale violated

the Bankruptcy Code and Bankruptcy Court’s Orders regarding pre-petition

liabilities, a Certificate of Cancellation of Property Tax Sale was issued by JPSO

on August 22, 2000. The Sheriff did not proceed further against Esplanade

Properties Corp. in the 1995 suit.

The appellant, Esplanade Mall Realty Holding, LLC, purchased the Macy’s

Parcel, and neighboring tracts, without warranties, on June 5, 2018, from

Esplanade Realty, LP for $9,250,000.6 The appellant agreed to be responsible for

the payment of taxes for the year 2018 and prorated for 2017, with Esplanade

Realty, LP, stating that tax records showed that taxes were paid for the years 2015-

2017. On December 4, 2018, the appellant received a Parish of Jefferson

Duplicate Notice or Corrected Notice concerning their tax assessment and previous

bills due for the Macy’s Parcel.7 The appellant’s title insurance company

requested that the 1992 taxes be deleted from the notice. JPSO stated that although

the tax sale was canceled, the taxes were not forgiven, and there is “no expiration

4
The amount due was listed as $234,910.81, including $130,914.38 of principal, $116,064.96 in interest,
and other charges.
5
On April 21, 1998, tax counsel for Federated Department Stores, Inc., advised the tax collector that any
liability for property taxes assessed on or before January 31, 1992 may only be paid pursuant to proof of
claim properly filed in the bankruptcy proceedings.
6
On December 13, 2017, Esplanade Realty, LP, acquired the parcel by special warranty deed, waiving
the production of tax researches, from Macy’s Retail Holdings, Inc. who acquired it after mergers and
transfers within the Macy’s corporate structure for $1,800,000.
7
The notice asserted that $458,210.83 was due for “previous bills.”

21-CA-554 2

date on due taxes.” On May 15, 2019, the appellant sent a letter to JPSO Property

Tax Division asserting that the appellant, and the Macy’s Parcel in rem, were not

legally responsible for the 1992 taxes.

The appellant failed to pay the 2019 ad valorem taxes by the deadline of

December 31, 2019. On May 26, 2020, a tax certificate was prepared by the

appellee listing the status of taxes and payments for 2016-2019 without mention of

1992 taxes. The Macy’s Parcel was adjudicated to the Parish of Jefferson at a tax

sale conducted on August 26, 2020.

Procedural History

The appellant, Esplanade Mall Realty Holding, LLC, filed a Petition for

Declaratory Judgment on July 9, 2019, before the tax sale, seeking a judicial

determination and declaration that the appellant had no personal liability for ad

valorem taxes allegedly due for 1992 for the Macy’s Parcel and that Jefferson

Parish cannot conduct a tax sale or assert any liens, privileges, or other security

interest against the Macy’s Parcel. The appellee answered the petition on August

22, 2019, and stated an exception of failure to state a cause of action because the

appellant did not pay the disputed taxes under protest as required by La. R.S.

47:2134.

An opposition was filed stating that the appellee had a right to conduct the

tax sale to collect the 2019 taxes, but not to include the taxes due in 1992 in the

purchase price. In a second supplemental and amended petition8 of October 8,

2020, after the 2020 tax sale, the appellant added another request for declaration

that the Sheriff, in calculating the amount required to redeem the Macy’s Parcel

from its adjudication to Jefferson Parish, may include only the principal amount of

2019 taxes, together with accrued interest and costs, not the 1992 taxes.

8
An amended petition of June 19, 2020, was also filed stating that the running of the prescriptive period
had not been suspended until the appellant had acquired the property.

21-CA-554 3

After a hearing on February 8, 2021, the trial court granted the motion for

exception of no cause of action due to the sale already taking place. The trial court

dismissed the plaintiff’s action and demands, assessing all costs in a written

judgment of May 18, 2021, and thereafter, this timely devolutive appeal followed.

The appellant raises four assignments of error:

1) The district court erred in sustaining the Sheriff’s Exception of No Cause of

Action to the extent it may have found that the Sheriff could include a tax

liability from 1992, more than three years old, as a statutory imposition that

could be collected through a tax sale for 2019 taxes.

2) The district court erred in sustaining the Sheriff’s Exception of No Cause of

Action to the extent it may have found that Esplanade Mall’s claims failed to

present a justiciable controversy.

3) The district court erred in sustaining the Sheriff’s Exception of No Cause of

Action to the extent it may have found that Esplanade Mall was required to

pay under protest the alleged statutory imposition of 1992 tax liability, and

to name as defendants the Jefferson Parish Assessor and the Louisiana Tax

Commission, as prerequisites to asserting its claims against the Sheriff.

4) The district court erred in sustaining the Sheriff’s Exception of No Cause of

Action to the extent it may have found that Esplanade Mall’s claims against

the Sheriff are barred unless they meet one of the permissible grounds for

complete tax sale nullity under the tax sale statutes.

Discussion

La. C.C.P. Art. 927 provides for the peremptory exception of no cause of

action. The standard of review for an appellate court examining a trial court's

granting of an exception of no cause of action is de novo as the lower court’s

decision is based solely on the legal sufficiency of the petition to determine

whether the plaintiff is afforded a remedy in law based on facts alleged in the

21-CA-554 4

pleading. Foti v. Holliday, 09-0093 (La. 10/30/09), 27 So.3d 813, 817. On review,

the pertinent question is whether, in the light most favorable to plaintiff and with

every doubt resolved in plaintiff’s behalf, the petition states any valid cause of

action for relief. Ramey v. DeCaire, 03–1299 (La. 3/19/04), 869 So.2d 114, 119.

In reviewing an exception of no cause of action, we accept the plaintiff's well-

pleaded allegations as true. Khoobehi Properties, LLC v. Baronne Dev. No. 2,

L.L.C., 16-506 (La. App. 5 Cir. 3/29/17), 216 So.3d 287, 297.

On December 22, 2020, the appellee filed an exception of no cause of action

to the Second Supplemental and Amended Petition on peremptory grounds that it

failed to state a cause of action. The exception alleged that the appellant lost the

right to challenge the legality of the sheriff’s sale by not paying 2019 ad valorem

property taxes under protest. Furthermore, the petition did not include the

Assessor of Jefferson Parish and the Louisiana Tax Commission as parties. They

also allege that since the unpaid 1992 ad valorem taxes were already collected, as a

“statutory imposition” component of the total price from the August 26, 2020 tax

sale, there is no justiciable controversy to support the issuance of a declaratory

judgment. They further argue that the facts alleged in the petition do not satisfy

the prerequisites for a post-tax sale action to nullify the tax sale, and the law does

not provide a remedy of partial nullification of an ad valorem tax sale to challenge

the price charged for a property adjudicated at a tax sale.

The Louisiana Constitution provides that taxes shall prescribe in three years

after the thirty-first day of December in the year in which they are due, except real

property taxes. La. Const. art. VII, § 16. A tax collector to satisfy due taxes may

conduct tax sales of a portion of delinquent property owner’s property. La. Const.

Art. 7 § 25(A)(1). The property sold shall be redeemable for three years after the

recordation of the tax sale, by paying the price given, including costs, five percent

penalty thereon, and interest. La. Const. Art. 7 § 25(B)(1). Louisiana law favors

21-CA-554 5

the redemption of property sold for taxes. Becnel v. Woodland, 628 So.2d 89, 91

(La. App. 5 Cir. 1993), writ denied, 634 So.2d 374 (La. 1994).

Application of Statutory Prerequisites for Legality Challenge

The appellant’s third assignment of error alleges that the district court erred

in sustaining the appellee’s Exception of No Cause of Action to the extent it may

have found that it was required to pay under protest the alleged statutory

imposition of 1992 tax liability, and to name as defendants the Jefferson Parish

Assessor and the Louisiana Tax Commission, as prerequisites to asserting its

claims against the appellee.

La. R.S. 47:2134 sets forth the requirements for a suit to challenge taxes and

recover taxes paid under protest. La. R.S. 47:2134(D) states that “this Section

shall afford a legal remedy and right of action. . .for a full and complete

adjudication of all questions arising in connection with a correctness challenge or

the enforcement of the rights respecting the legality of any tax accrued or accruing

or the method of enforcement thereof.”

The appellant asserts that it is not challenging the correctness or legality of

the 2019 taxes, but to the statutory impositions. A correctness challenge under La.

R.S. 47:2134(B) relates to the assessed valuation of the properties (under La. R.S.

47:1856 & 57)9. A legality challenge under La. R.S. 47:2134(C)(1) is defined as:

A person resisting the payment of an amount of ad valorem tax due or
the enforcement of a provision of the ad valorem tax law and thereby
intending to maintain a legality challenge shall timely pay the
disputed amount under protest to the [tax collector] and shall give
such officer or officers, notice at the time of payment of his intention
to file suit for the recovery of the protested tax. (Emphasis added).

9
La R.S. 47:1988 is also referred to in the statute; it dealt with equalization of property values by the tax
commission and was repealed by Acts 1972.

21-CA-554 6

As the appellant’s petition raises a challenge to the legality of collecting the

1992 taxes as a statutory imposition, the appellant takes issue with the enforcement

of a provision of the ad valorem tax law. The ad valorem tax law is found under

Title 47, Subtitle III “Provisions Relating to AD Valorem Taxes” which includes

statutory impositions.10 La R.S. 47:2122(14) defines “statutory imposition” as “ad

valorem taxes and any imposition in addition to ad valorem taxes that are included

on the tax bill sent to the tax debtor.”

Additionally, La. R.S. 47:2153(A) provides that when a tax debtor has not

paid “all the statutory impositions which have been assessed on immovable

property” within twenty days after the tax collector sends written notice, the tax

sale title to the property will be sold according to law. A sufficient notice under

the statute will set out the “total assessed value tax distributions, millages,

homestead exemption, taxes and other statutory impositions due, assessment

information, interest, and costs.” La. R.S. 47:2153(A)(2)(b). Further, La. R.S.

47:2128 provides, “[a]ll statutory impositions including ad valorem taxes shall be

paid along with the taxes. Failure to pay the statutory impositions in addition to

the ad valorem taxes shall cause the immovable property to be subject to the same

10
La R.S. 47:2121 states: The purpose of this Chapter [Chapter 5 titled “Payment and Collection
Procedure; Tax Sales; Adjudicated Property, falling under Title 47, Subtitle III “Provisions Relating to
AD Valorem Taxes”] is to amend and restate the law governing the payment and collection of property
taxes, tax sales, and redemptions to:
(1) Reorganize the prior law into a single comprehensive Chapter, using consistent terminology.
(2) Encourage the payment and efficient collection of property taxes.
(3) Satisfy the requirements of due process.
(4) Provide a fair process and statutory price for the redemption of tax sale and adjudicated properties.
(5) Encourage the return to commerce of tax sale and adjudicated properties, without unnecessary public
expense, through clear procedures that allow interested persons to carry out the title search and
notification procedures considered necessary under contemporary standards of due process to acquire
merchantable title to those properties.
(6) Avoid the imposition on the public of extensive title search and notification expenses for properties
that are redeemed or that fail to attract any party willing to bear the expenses of establishing merchantable
title.
(7) Retain, to the extent not inconsistent with the preceding purposes, the traditional procedures governing
tax sales, adjudications, and redemptions in this state.

21-CA-554 7

provisions of law that govern tax sales of immovable property.” Therefore, any

dispute over the legality of a statutory imposition is a legality challenge.

The Louisiana Supreme Court stated that plaintiffs must follow the payment-

under-protest provisions requiring them to timely submit payment under protest of

the contested penalties and collection fees, even when the legality of the

underlying ad valorem tax is not contested. Jackson v. City of New Orleans, 12-

2742 (La. 1/28/14), 144 So.3d 876, 895. In Side by Side Redevelopment, Inc. v.

Marshall, 09-1430 (La. App. 4 Cir. 6/30/10), 43 So.3d 1059, 1061, the Fourth

Circuit found “only the timely payment of the contested tax preserves the right to

litigate the validity of the tax in court.” Cited in New Orleans Riverwalk

Marketplace, LLC v. Louisiana Tax Comm'n, 17-0968 (La. App. 4 Cir. 4/30/18),

243 So.3d 1070, 1077-78, writ denied, 18-0889 (La. 9/28/18), 252 So.3d 925.

Therefore, La. R.S. 47:2134 provides the proper remedy for the appellant’s

legality challenge to the appellee’s enforcement of the tax law. To state a cause of

action under this provision, the appellant would have to allege that they paid the

disputed amounts under protest and filed suit within thirty days therefrom.11

Duncan v. City of Baton Rouge, 21-0311 (La. App. 1 Cir. 4/26/21), reh'g

denied (6/3/21), writ denied, 2021-00833 (La. 11/3/21), 326 So.3d 890. While

payment under protest may seem harsh, the Supreme Court has approved the

imposition of various procedural requirements on actions for post-deprivation

relief, including the requirement that only taxpayers paying under protest will be

entitled to relief, when a refund is provided to a successful taxpayer. Jackson, 144

So.3d at 895.12 La. R.S. 47:2134(C)(4) allows a prevailing taxpayer to receive a

refund with interest.

11
La R.S. 47:2134 (C)(2) and (3) sets out the requirements for a legality challenge suit, including time
and service requirements.
12
The Supreme Court reflected on the legislative history to the Tax Injunction Act, which required that
state remedies offer a “plain, speedy and efficient remedy,” and Congress’s knowledge of “state tax
systems commonly provided for payment of taxes under protest with subsequent refund as their exclusive

21-CA-554 8

Therefore, we find the appellant failed to follow the appropriate procedure to

preserve the right to litigate the validity of an ad valorem tax law.

Justiciable Controversy After the Tax Sale

In its second assignment of error, the appellant argues that because it has

three years to redeem the property after a tax sale, the question of whether the

statutory imposition of past due taxes can be included in the redemption price is

still a justiciable controversy. A party seeking declaratory judgment needs a

legally protectable and tangible interest at stake in a dispute of sufficient

immediacy, not a hypothetical question. Comeaux v. Louisiana Tax Commission,

20-1037 (La. 5/20/21), 320 So.3d 1083, 1091.

While the appellant initially sought a declaratory judgment seeking a judicial

determination and declaration that Jefferson Parish cannot conduct a tax sale or

assert any liens, privileges, or other security interest against the Macy’s Parcel,

courts may not “render any decision that has the effect of impeding the collection

of an ad valorem tax imposed by any political subdivision, under authority granted

to it by the legislature or by the constitution.” La. R.S. 47:2134(A). Therefore, the

appellant did not seek an injunction to prevent the tax sale from occurring during

the pendency of its action. It does not appear from the record that the appellant

urged the trial court to make a determination before the sale was held. Once the

tax sale had occurred, the court’s determination of whether the appellant could

conduct the tax sale, including the past due taxes as a statutory imposition, was

moot.

remedy.” The Court cited to Senate Report No.1035, 75th Cong., 1st Sess., 1 (1937), stating “these
statutes generally provide that taxpayers may contest their taxes only in refund actions after payment
under protest. This type of State legislation makes it possible for the States and their various agencies to
survive while long-drawn-out tax litigation is in progress.” Rosewell v. LaSalle Nat. Bank, 450 U.S. 503,
523 (1981).

21-CA-554 9

Although the appellant claims that its action is seeking to determine the

correct redemption amount, and it raised the question of redemption in its second

supplemental and amended petition, an action for redemption “is merely a return of

property to the tax debtor-owner on demand upon payment of the amount of back

taxes due.” Harris, 532 So.2d at 1368. Furthermore, the law regarding

redemption actions does not provide a procedure for contesting the amount due or

the correctness of any statutory impositions by declaratory relief through an

ordinary proceeding after a tax sale.13 As discussed previously, under the third

assignment of error, there is a procedure for contesting the legality of the taxes

under La. R.S. 47:2134 before a tax sale. La. Constitution VII, § 25(B) provides

that sold property can be redeemed “by paying the price given, including costs, [a]

five percent penalty thereon, and interest at the rate of one percent per month until

redemption.” La. R.S. 47:2243 requires payment of “all statutory impositions

accruing before the date of payment with [a] five percent penalty and simple

interest accruing at one percent per month, as well as all other sums required to be

paid pursuant to this Subpart.” Since redemption requires the debtor to pay the

“price given” and “all statutory impositions,” there is no authorization or

jurisprudential support for a post-tax sale determination of the amount of ad

valorem tax due or the enforcement of a provision of the ad valorem tax law.14

13
When a remedy for contesting and challenging a tax is provided, an action for declaratory judgment is
inappropriate. Giraud v. City of New Orleans, 359 So.2d 294, 296–97 (La. App. 4 Cir. 1978), writ
denied, 362 So.2d 579 (La. 1978)(“it is the court’s duty to withhold such relief when, as in the present
case, it appears that the state legislature has provided that on payment of any challenged tax to the
appropriate state officer, the taxpayer may maintain a suit to recover it back.”).
14
The price at a tax sale is “the amount of statutory impositions due on the property, costs, and interest.”
La. R.S. 47:2154. La. R.S. 47:2154(C) provides that the tax collector may not omit any statutory
impositions from the price, clearly contemplating that the tax purchaser will receive a tax certificate that
is free and clear of all statutory impositions of the taxing authority and of all other persons with interests
in the property that are duly notified. 2 La. Prac. Real Est. §14:40 (2d ed.). The tax sale purchaser would
be required to pay for impositions due, and if the debtor were to be able to pay a different redemption
price, it would be contrary to the long-standing public policy in this State to protect the public interest in
the identity and marketability of the title to immovable property. See Harris v. Estate of Fuller, 532
So.2d 1367, 1370 (La.1988).

21-CA-554 10

Inclusion of Past Due Taxes as a Statutory Imposition

The validity of the appellee’s action in including past due taxes as a statutory

imposition was raised as an issue in the appellant’s petition for a declaratory relief.

The appellant argued that La. R.S. 47:2131 does not allow a tax sale to be

conducted with regard to taxes “three years after December thirty-first of the year

in which ad valorem taxes are due have passed.” La. R.S. 47:2131.

As the appellant failed to preserve its right to litigate this issue, it was not

ruled upon by the trial court in granting the appellee’s peremptory exception. As it

goes to the merits of the legality of the statutory impositions with no bearing on the

procedural prerequisites for bringing an action on the legality of these impositions,

we find no merit in this assignment of error. See Jackson, 144 So.3d at 896.

While we note the apparent conflict of La. R.S. 47:2131 with the Louisiana

Constitution, neither party raised a constitutional challenge to the statute.15

No Basis for Nullification of Tax Sale

The appellant alleges that the district court erred in sustaining the exception

to the extent it may have found that its claims are barred unless they meet one of

the permissible grounds for complete tax sale nullity under the tax sale statutes.

While the appellee argued that the appellant was seeking a “partial nullification,” it

does not appear that the trial court found that the appellant was seeking to nullify

15
Furthermore, it would be a res novae issue for this Court, possibly even for the State as the Louisiana
Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal has only raised the issue in dicta. See Bilbe v. Foster, 15-0302 (La. App.
4th Cir. 9/9/15), 176 So. 2d 542, 547-548, writ denied, 15-1849 (La. 11/16/15), 184 So. 3d 29 (noting that
although the property would not have been eligible for the 2011 tax sale based solely on 2007 unpaid
taxes, the obligation to pay those taxes would not have been extinguished just because three years had
lapsed). See also, Eclectic Inv. Partners, LP v. City of New Orleans, 19-0895 (La. App. 4 Cir.
4/8/20)(dissent, p. 5-6), writ denied, 20-00789 (La. 10/14/20), 302 So.3d 1124(“it is clear that a taxing
authority’s failure to timely institute a tax sale results in the legal consequence that taxes more than three
years delinquent cannot not be included in the tax sale. . .Its failure to do so should not result in a third
party's bearing the adverse consequences of its neglect. To hold otherwise would allow a taxing authority,
careless in timely instituting tax sales (or realizing that a repeatedly delinquent taxpayer will not pay
taxes) to wait indefinitely to provoke a tax sale, and then recoup all of the outstanding taxes from a tax
sale purchaser. This could lead to the absurd consequence of a tax sale purchaser paying many years,
perhaps decades or more, of delinquent taxes.”)

21-CA-554 11

the tax sale. The petition did not seek to nullify the tax sale, and La. R.S. 47:3386

only provides relief based on payment nullity, redemption nullity, and nullity under

La. R.S. § 47:2162 for purchase by tax collectors and assessors, which are not

alleged. While we agree with the appellant’s assertion, this assignment of error

provides no relief.

Conclusion

Accordingly, we affirm the decision of the trial court in finding no cause of

action because the appellant cannot prevail in a suit to dispute the legality of a

provision of the ad valorem tax law brought under La. R.S. 47:2134(C), given that

it failed to allege that the appellant had timely paid the disputed amount due under

protest and gave the tax collector notice of its intent to file suit for the recovery of

the protested tax.

AFFIRMED

21-CA-554 12

SUSAN M. CHEHARDY CURTIS B. PURSELL

CHIEF JUDGE CLERK OF COURT

NANCY F. VEGA
FREDERICKA H. WICKER
CHIEF DEPUTY CLERK
JUDE G. GRAVOIS
MARC E. JOHNSON
ROBERT A. CHAISSON SUSAN S. BUCHHOLZ
STEPHEN J. WINDHORST
FIRST DEPUTY CLERK
HANS J. LILJEBERG
JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR. FIFTH CIRCUIT
MELISSA C. LEDET
JUDGES 101 DERBIGNY STREET (70053)
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL STAFF
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IN ACCORDANCE WITH UNIFORM RULES - COURT OF APPEAL, RULE 2-16.4 AND 2-16.5 THIS DAY
APRIL 27, 2022 TO THE TRIAL JUDGE, CLERK OF COURT, COUNSEL OF RECORD AND ALL PARTIES NOT
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21-CA-554
E-NOTIFIED
24TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT (CLERK)
HONORABLE DONALD A. ROWAN, JR. (DISTRICT JUDGE)
CHARLES L. STERN, JR. (APPELLANT) ELWOOD F. CAHILL, JR. (APPELLANT) JAMES M. GARNER (APPELLANT)
JOHN T. BALHOFF, II (APPELLANT) KENNETH C. FONTE (APPELLEE)

MAILED
ALEX E. HOTARD (APPELLANT)
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