State of Louisiana Versus Chad McAvoy

STATE OF LOUISIANA NO. 21-KA-529

VERSUS FIFTH CIRCUIT

CHAD MCAVOY COURT OF APPEAL

STATE OF LOUISIANA

ON APPEAL FROM THE TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF JEFFERSON, STATE OF LOUISIANA
NO. 18-3634, DIVISION "B"
HONORABLE CORNELIUS E. REGAN, JUDGE PRESIDING

November 24, 2021

JUDE G. GRAVOIS
JUDGE

Panel composed of Judges Jude G. Gravois,
Marc E. Johnson, and Hans J. Liljeberg

CONVICTION AND SENTENCE AFFIRMED;
MOTION TO WITHDRAW GRANTED
JGG
MEJ
HJL

COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE,
STATE OF LOUISIANA
Honorable Paul D. Connick, Jr.
Thomas J. Butler
Kellie M. Rish

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT,
CHAD MCAVOY
Bertha M. Hillman

DEFENDANT/APPELLANT,
CHAD MCAVOY
In Proper Person

GRAVOIS, J.

Defendant, Chad McAvoy, appeals his conviction that resulted from a

negotiated guilty plea to manslaughter, a violation of La. R.S. 14:31. On appeal,

under the procedure adopted by this Court in State v. Bradford, 95-929 (La. App. 5

Cir. 6/25/96), 676 So.2d 1108, 1110-11, appointed appellate counsel has filed a

brief asserting that she has thoroughly reviewed the trial court record and cannot

find any non-frivolous issues to raise on appeal. Accordingly, pursuant to Anders

v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967) and State v.

Jyles, 96-2669 (La. 12/12/97), 704 So.2d 241 (per curiam), appointed appellate

counsel requests permission to withdraw as counsel of record for defendant.

Defendant filed a pro se supplemental brief in which he argued two

assignments of error: first, that his counsel rendered ineffective assistance at

sentencing “by not challenging or objecting to Petitioner’s sentence as

constitutionally excessive, while his sentence resulted from a breakdown in the

adversary process that renders the result unbelievable;” and second, that he should

be afforded an errors patent review on appeal.

For the following reasons, we find no merit to defendant’s pro se

assignments of error. We accordingly affirm defendant’s conviction and sentence

and grant appellate counsel’s motion to withdraw as counsel of record for

defendant.

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On June 14, 2018, a Jefferson Parish Grand Jury indicted defendant, Chad

McAvoy,1 with the second degree murder of his mother, Connie McAvoy, in

violation of La. R.S. 14:30.1. Defendant pled not guilty at his arraignment on the

1
It is noted that defendant’s last name is sometimes referred to as “Mcavoy” in the record
on appeal.

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following day. On January 23, 2019, defendant was found competent to proceed to

trial. Defendant filed several pre-trial motions that were never ruled upon.2

On May 6, 2019, based on a negotiated plea, the indictment was amended to

charge defendant with manslaughter in violation of La. R.S. 14:31. Defendant

thereupon pled guilty to the amended charge and was sentenced to forty years’

imprisonment at hard labor. Defendant’s appointed trial counsel was allowed to

withdraw and no appeal was filed.

Defendant filed a pro se Motion for Production of Boykin Transcript and

Sentencing Hearing Transcript on March 16, 2021. On March 23, 2021, the trial

court ordered that defendant be provided a transcription of his guilty plea colloquy

and sentencing. On June 10, 2021, defendant filed a request for an out-of-time

appeal, asking that the court reinstate his constitutional right to an appeal after his

trial counsel failed to file a motion for an appeal on his behalf. Defendant asserted

that he prepared the request on June 2, 2021 and placed it in the prison mailing

system that same day. The trial court granted defendant an out-of-time appeal on

June 16, 2021.3

Because defendant’s conviction resulted from a guilty plea, the facts

underlying the crime of conviction are not fully developed in the record. However,

the State provided a factual basis during the guilty plea colloquy. The State

provided that had it proceeded to trial, it would have proven beyond a reasonable

doubt that on “March 1, 2019,”4 the defendant violated La. R.S. 14:31 in that he

committed the murder of his mother, Connie McAvoy, in Jefferson Parish.

2
A suppression hearing commenced on April 8, 2019, but was continued without
completion.
3
In doing so, the court determined that defendant was within the time limit for seeking an
out-of-time appeal. It is also noted that the State did not oppose defendant’s motion for an out-
of-time appeal.
4
It is noted that the date of the offense as reflected in the indictment and the waiver of
rights form is March 1, 2018.

21-KA-529 2

Additionally, the State explained that the victim came home and had verbal

disagreements with her husband, Stephen McAvoy, and then her son, Chad

McAvoy. Chad pulled out a weapon, and as his mother left his room, he fired a

single bullet into her back causing her death. The police were called and it was

suggested to them that it was a suicide. Based on the physical evidence, however,

the police determined that it was not a suicide and brought Stephen and Chad to the

police station, where Stephen said the victim’s death was caused by Chad. Chad

ultimately admitted that he committed the crime as a result of continued verbal

abuse by his mother and that he was responsible for her death.

ANALYSIS

Anders Brief

Under the procedure adopted by this Court in State v. Bradford, 676 So.2d at

1110-11,5 appointed appellate counsel has filed a brief asserting that she has

thoroughly reviewed the trial court record and cannot find any non-frivolous issues

to raise on appeal. Accordingly, pursuant to Anders v. California, supra, and State

v. Jyles, supra, appointed counsel requests permission to withdraw as counsel of

record for defendant.

In Anders, the United States Supreme Court stated that appointed appellate

counsel may request permission to withdraw if she finds the case to be wholly

frivolous after a conscientious examination of it.6 The request must be

accompanied by “a brief referring to anything in the record that might arguably

support the appeal” so as to provide the reviewing court “with a basis for

determining whether appointed counsel have fully performed their duty to support

5
In Bradford, this Court adopted the procedures outlined in State v. Benjamin, 573 So.2d
528, 530 (La. App. 4 Cir. 1990), which were sanctioned by the Louisiana Supreme Court in State
v. Mouton, 95-981 (La. 4/28/95), 653 So.2d 1176, 1177 (per curiam).
6
The United States Supreme Court reiterated Anders in Smith v. Robbins, 528 U.S. 259,
120 S.Ct. 746, 145 L.Ed.2d 756 (2000).

21-KA-529 3

their clients’ appeals to the best of their ability” and to assist the reviewing court

“in making the critical determination whether the appeal is indeed so frivolous that

counsel should be permitted to withdraw.” McCoy v. Court of Appeals of

Wisconsin, Dist. 1, 486 U.S. 429, 439, 108 S.Ct. 1895, 1902, 100 L.Ed.2d 440

(1988).

In Jyles, 704 So.2d at 241, the Louisiana Supreme Court stated that an

Anders brief need not tediously catalog every meritless pretrial motion or objection

made at trial with a detailed explanation of why the motions or objections lack

merit. The court explained that an Anders brief must demonstrate by full

discussion and analysis that appellate counsel “has cast an advocate’s eye over the

trial record and considered whether any ruling made by the trial court, subject to

the contemporaneous objection rule, had a significant, adverse impact on shaping

the evidence presented to the jury for its consideration.” Id.

When conducting a review for compliance with Anders, an appellate court

must conduct an independent review of the record to determine whether the appeal

is wholly frivolous. Bradford, 676 So.2d at 1110. If, after an independent review,

the reviewing court determines that there are no non-frivolous issues for appeal, it

may grant counsel’s motion to withdraw and affirm the defendant’s conviction and

sentence. However, if the court finds any legal point arguable on the merits, it may

either deny the motion and order the court-appointed attorney to file a brief arguing

the legal point(s) identified by the court, or grant the motion and appoint substitute

appellate counsel. Id.

Defendant’s appellate counsel asserts that after a detailed review of the

record, she could find no non-frivolous issues to raise on appeal and no ruling of

the trial court that arguably supports the appeal. She acknowledges that there is no

constitutional infirmity or any irregularity in the guilty plea that would render it

invalid, noting that the court explained each of the rights necessary to ensure a

21-KA-529 4

knowing and intelligent waiver of rights. She contends that the sentence imposed

was in conformity with the plea agreement. She states that defendant was properly

charged and his presence does not present issues for appeal. She further explains

that there are no rulings on pre-trial motions, and accordingly, no rulings have been

preserved for appeal under State v. Crosby, 338 So.2d 584 (La. 1976). The State

agrees that the case presents no non-frivolous issues for appellate review.

Appellate counsel has filed a motion to withdraw as counsel of record for

defendant in which she states that she has done a conscientious and thorough

review of the record and can find no non-frivolous issues to raise on appeal and no

rulings of the trial court which would arguably support the appeal. She contends

that she notified defendant of the filing and advised him of his right to file a pro se

brief in this matter. Additionally, this Court sent defendant a letter by certified

mail informing him that an Anders brief had been filed on his behalf and that he

had until October 22, 2021 to file a pro se supplemental brief. Defendant filed a

pro se brief on October 18, 2021 which raised assignments of error which are

discussed below.

An independent review of the record supports appellate counsel’s assertion

that there are no non-frivolous issues to be raised on appeal. The indictment

properly charged defendant and plainly and concisely stated the essential facts

constituting the charged offense. It also sufficiently identified defendant and the

crime charged. See generally La. C.Cr.P. arts. 464 and 466.

The record reflects that defendant appeared at each stage of the proceedings

against him, including his guilty plea proceeding and his sentencing. As such,

defendant’s presence does not present any issues that would support an appeal.

Defendant filed pre-trial motions that were not ruled upon by the trial court.

Nonetheless, motions are considered waived when a defendant does not object to

the trial court’s failure to hear or rule on a pre-trial motion prior to pleading guilty.

21-KA-529 5

State v. Ledet, 20-258 (La. App. 5 Cir. 1/27/21), 310 So.3d 810, 818. No rulings

were preserved for appeal under the holding in State v. Crosby, supra. Further,

when a defendant pleads guilty, he normally waives all non-jurisdictional defects

in the proceedings leading up to the guilty plea, and such waiver precludes review

of any such defects either by appeal or post-conviction relief. State v. Wingerter,

05-697 (La. App. 5 Cir. 3/14/06), 926 So.2d 662, 664.

Upon review, we find that the record indicates that defendant was aware he

was pleading guilty to manslaughter. The record reveals no irregularities in

defendant’s guilty plea that would render it invalid. Once a defendant is sentenced,

only those guilty pleas that are constitutionally infirm may be withdrawn by appeal

or post-conviction relief. A guilty plea is constitutionally infirm if it is not entered

freely and voluntarily, if the Boykin7 colloquy is inadequate, or when a defendant is

induced to enter the plea by a plea bargain or what he justifiably believes was a

plea bargain and that bargain is not kept. State v. McCoil, 05-658 (La. App. 5 Cir.

2/27/06), 924 So.2d 1120, 1124.

In the instant matter, defendant executed a waiver of rights form that was

presented to the trial judge at the start of the colloquy. The form reflects that the

plea was for manslaughter, which occurred on March 1, 2018. It reflects that the

maximum sentence that could be imposed was forty years’ imprisonment, with no

minimum. The form reflects the sentence to be imposed was forty years at hard

labor. Defendant initialed the form next to the rights he was waiving, including the

right to trial by jury (or by the court alone), the presumption of innocence, the right

to question witnesses called by the district attorney, the right to testify himself or

choose to remain silent, the right to present witnesses, and the right to appeal any

guilty verdict that may be returned. Defendant indicated that he was satisfied with

7
Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 89 S.Ct. 1709, 23 L.Ed.2d 274 (1969).

21-KA-529 6

how his attorney and the court handled his case and that he was not forced,

coerced, or threatened to plead guilty. He acknowledged that he understood all

possible legal consequences of pleading guilty and wished to plead guilty at that

time. The form includes signatures by defendant and his counsel, as well as the

trial judge, who accepted his guilty plea as knowingly, intelligently, freely, and

voluntarily made.

During the start of the colloquy, the State expressed that it had accepted

defendant’s plea offer. Defense counsel declared that pursuant to a negotiated plea

with the State, defendant was going to enter a plea as charged to manslaughter, and

counsel mentioned the waiver of rights form. Defendant stated that he could read

and write in English, was twenty-two years old, and had completed the twelfth

grade. Defendant was told the maximum sentence that could be imposed was forty

years’ imprisonment at hard labor and that the sentence he would receive would be

forty years’ imprisonment at hard labor. Defendant was advised that by pleading

guilty, he was giving up his rights and was explained his rights. Defendant

indicated that he understood. Defendant was properly advised of his Boykin rights.

Defendant and his counsel agreed that their signatures were placed on the waiver

of rights form. The court accepted the plea as knowingly, intelligently, freely, and

voluntarily made.

By means of the waiver of rights form in the instant case, defendant

acknowledged that he understood all possible legal consequences of pleading

guilty and wished to plead guilty at that time. During the colloquy in this case, the

trial court asked defendant if he was pleading guilty that day to manslaughter

which occurred on March 1, 2018. Defendant indicated that was correct. Upon

review, we find that there are no issues surrounding defendant’s guilty plea to

establish a basis for an appeal in this matter.

21-KA-529 7

Defendant’s sentence was imposed pursuant to, and in conformity with, the

plea agreement. La. C.Cr.P. art. 881.2(A)(2) precludes a defendant from seeking

review of his sentence imposed in conformity with a plea agreement, which was

set forth in the record at the time of the plea. State v. Eiermann, 17-44 (La. App. 5

Cir. 6/29/17), 224 So.3d 1220, 1225, writ denied, 17-1398 (La. 5/18/18), 242 So.3d

570. Defendant’s sentence falls within the sentencing range prescribed by the

statute. See La. R.S. 14:31(B), which provides that whoever commits

manslaughter shall be imprisoned at hard labor for not more than forty years. As

such, defendant’s sentence does not provide a basis for an appeal in this matter.

Because appellate counsel’s brief adequately demonstrates by full discussion

and analysis that she has reviewed the trial court proceedings and cannot identify

any basis for a non-frivolous appeal, and an independent review of the record

supports counsel’s assertion, appellate counsel’s motion to withdraw as counsel of

record for defendant is hereby granted.

FIRST PRO SE ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

Ineffective Assistance of Counsel Claim
Defendant argues in his pro se supplemental brief that a claim of ineffective

assistance of counsel at sentencing is now cognizable on collateral review, citing

State v. Harris, 18-1012 (La. 7/9/20), 2020 WL 3867207. He further contends that

the record is sufficient to decide this matter on appeal. Specifically, he argues that

he is not the worst type of offender and had trial counsel properly investigated the

case, all mitigating factors would have been made a part of the record. In his

argument of ineffective assistance of counsel, defendant claims that it was his

counsel’s responsibility to present mitigating evidence that would have led to a

different result in the “sentencing phase.” He explains that a heated argument

occurred before the alleged incident, and the record contains evidence of physical,

mental, and verbal abuse.

21-KA-529 8

Under the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I,

§ 13 of the Louisiana Constitution, a defendant is entitled to effective assistance of

counsel. State v. Casimer, 12-678 (La. App. 5 Cir. 3/13/13), 113 So.3d 1129,

1141. To prove ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must satisfy the two-

prong test set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80

L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). Id.

Under the Strickland test, the defendant must show: (1) that counsel’s

performance was deficient, that is, that the performance fell below an objective

standard of reasonableness under prevailing professional norms; and (2) that the

deficient performance prejudiced the defense. State v. Casimer, 113 So.3d at 1141.

An error is considered prejudicial if it was so serious as to deprive the defendant of

a fair trial, or “a trial whose result is reliable.” Id. To prove prejudice, the

defendant must demonstrate that, but for counsel’s unprofessional conduct, the

outcome of the trial would have been different. Id. (citing Strickland v.

Washington, supra).

Generally, a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is most appropriately

addressed through an application for post-conviction relief, rather than on direct

appeal, so as to afford the parties an adequate record for review. State v. Casimer,

113 So.3d at 1141. However, when the record contains sufficient evidence to rule

on the merits of the claim and the issue is properly raised by an assignment of error

on appeal, it may be addressed in the interest of judicial economy. Id. Given the

nature of this particular claim, we find that the appellate record is sufficient for this

Court to address the merits of the ineffective assistance of counsel claim made by

defendant in his pro se supplemental brief.

In this case, defendant’s agreed-upon sentence was imposed pursuant to a

plea agreement. La. C.Cr.P. art. 881.2(A)(2) precludes a defendant from seeking

review of his sentence imposed in conformity with a plea agreement, which was

21-KA-529 9

set forth in the record at the time of the plea. Under the circumstances of this case,

counsel was not expected to present mitigating evidence to persuade the judge to

consider a lower sentence or object to the sentence as excessive when the sentence

was agreed upon. See State v. Smith, 17-553 (La. App. 4 Cir. 12/13/17), 316 So.3d

1011, 1020, writ denied, 18-115 (La. 10/29/18), 254 So.3d 701, where the

defendant claimed that his attorney was ineffective for failing to place his poor

health before the court as a mitigating factor which he argued resulted in an

excessive sentence. In that case, the Fourth Circuit noted that a defendant cannot

appeal or seek review of a sentence imposed in conformity with a plea agreement

which was set forth in the record at the time of the plea and found that the

defendant acknowledged in the waiver of rights form that it was an agreed-upon

sentence, waiving his right to appeal the term of the sentence. See also State v.

Perez, 17-119 (La. App. 5 Cir. 8/30/17), 227 So.3d 864, 868 (the defendant was

barred from seeking review of his sentence because it was imposed as part of the

plea agreement and as such “defendant’s counsel was not ineffective by failing to

object to the agreed-upon sentence.”).

Accordingly, this pro se assignment of error is without merit.

SECOND PRO SE ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

Request for Errors Patent Review

As requested by defendant, the record was reviewed for errors patent,

according to La. C.Cr.P. art. 920, State v. Oliveaux, 312 So.2d 337 (La. 1975), and

State v. Weiland, 556 So.2d 175 (La. App. 5 Cir. 1990).8 A review of the appellate

record reveals no errors patent that require corrective action.

8
Appellate records are routinely reviewed for errors patent, whether or not requested by
counsel or the defendant.

21-KA-529 10

DECREE

For the foregoing reasons, we agree with appointed appellate counsel’s

assertion that the record contains no non-frivolous issues that would support an

appeal. Further, defendant’s pro se assignments of error are without merit. Thus,

we affirm defendant’s conviction and sentence. We also grant appointed appellate

counsel’s motion to withdraw as counsel of record for defendant.

CONVICTION AND SENTENCE AFFIRMED;
MOTION TO WITHDRAW GRANTED

21-KA-529 11

SUSAN M. CHEHARDY CURTIS B. PURSELL

CHIEF JUDGE CLERK OF COURT

NANCY F. VEGA
FREDERICKA H. WICKER
CHIEF DEPUTY CLERK
JUDE G. GRAVOIS
MARC E. JOHNSON
ROBERT A. CHAISSON SUSAN S. BUCHHOLZ
STEPHEN J. WINDHORST
FIRST DEPUTY CLERK
HANS J. LILJEBERG
JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR. FIFTH CIRCUIT
MELISSA C. LEDET
JUDGES 101 DERBIGNY STREET (70053)
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL STAFF
POST OFFICE BOX 489
GRETNA, LOUISIANA 70054 (504) 376-1400

(504) 376-1498 FAX
www.fifthcircuit.org

NOTICE OF JUDGMENT AND CERTIFICATE OF DELIVERY
I CERTIFY THAT A COPY OF THE OPINION IN THE BELOW-NUMBERED MATTER HAS BEEN DELIVERED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH UNIFORM RULES - COURT OF APPEAL, RULE 2-16.4 AND 2-16.5 THIS DAY
NOVEMBER 24, 2021 TO THE TRIAL JUDGE, CLERK OF COURT, COUNSEL OF RECORD AND ALL
PARTIES NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL, AS LISTED BELOW:

21-KA-529
E-NOTIFIED
24TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT (CLERK)
HONORABLE CORNELIUS E. REGAN (DISTRICT JUDGE)
THOMAS J. BUTLER (APPELLEE) BERTHA M. HILLMAN (APPELLANT)

MAILED
CHAD MCAVOY #743949 (APPELLANT) HONORABLE PAUL D. CONNICK, JR.
RAYBURN CORRECTIONAL CENTER (APPELLEE)
27268 HIGHWAY 21 DISTRICT ATTORNEY
ANGIE, LA 70426 KELLIE M. RISH (APPELLEE)
ASSISTANT DISTRICT ATTORNEY
TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
200 DERBIGNY STREET
GRETNA, LA 70053