E. "Ben" Zahn, III Versus Kenner Municipal Fire and Police Civil Service Board

E. "BEN" ZAHN, III NO. 23-CA-156

VERSUS FIFTH CIRCUIT

KENNER MUNICIPAL FIRE AND POLICE COURT OF APPEAL
CIVIL SERVICE BOARD
STATE OF LOUISIANA

ON APPEAL FROM THE TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF JEFFERSON, STATE OF LOUISIANA
NO. 824-402, DIVISION "K"
HONORABLE ELLEN SHIRER KOVACH, JUDGE PRESIDING

December 13, 2023

MARC E. JOHNSON
JUDGE

Panel composed of Judges Susan M. Chehardy,
Fredericka Homberg Wicker, and Marc E. Johnson

AFFIRMED
MEJ
SMC
FHW

COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE,
E. "BEN" ZAHN, III
Amanda Plaiscia
Craig R. Watson

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT,
JOSEPH SUNSERI
Laura C. Rodrigue
Blake J. Arcuri

JOHNSON, J.

Appellant, Joseph Sunseri, appeals the 24th Judicial District Court’s

February 6, 2023 judgment reinstating the City of Kenner’s (“Kenner”) rejection of

his appointment as Assistant Fire Chief. For the following reasons, we affirm the

district court’s decision.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Mr. Sunseri began his working test period for the promotional position of

Assistant Chief of the City of Kenner Fire Department on September 29, 2018. La.

R.S. 33:2495(B)(1) provides that the period of the working test shall commence

upon appointment and continue for a period of not less than six months nor more

than one year. On an internal Personnel Action Form dated September 25, 2019

(which Mr. Sunseri advises Kenner never provided to him), Kenner wrote,

“Employee failed his working test period as he was unable and unwilling to

perform satisfactorily the duties of the position to which he had been appointed.”

(caps omitted). Kenner submitted an additional Personnel Action Form to the

Kenner Municipal Fire and Police Civil Service Board (“the Board”), notifying the

Board of its actions, which was received by the Board on September 26, 2019.

That same day, Mr. Sunseri contacted his direct supervisor, Ryan Bergeron,

via text message, requesting an explanation for Kenner’s finding that he failed to

perform satisfactorily during his working test period and its resulting failure to

confirm his promotion to the position of Assistant Fire Chief. Mr. Bergeron

advised Mr. Sunseri to request a meeting with Fire Chief Terence Morris, the third

fire chief Mr. Sunseri had worked with during the working test period, via Kenner

Fire Department (“KFD”) Form 103. Mr. Sunseri responded, “Ok I’ll do it. But I

don’t need a meeting. I need an explanation. Is there some sort of paperwork that

states why I’m being demoted or why I failed my working test period?” to which

Mr. Bergeron replied, “OK”.

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Mr. Sunseri subsequently filed an appeal with the Board on October 3, 2019,

alleging in his Request for Hearing of Appeal that Kenner failed “to confirm

probational employee in accordance with state and local law”. Mr. Sunseri’s appeal

was heard on December 16, 2021. The hearing was not transcribed, as neither Mr.

Sunseri nor Kenner opted to have it transcribed, and the Board advised that it

would not be responsible for producing a transcript. The minutes indicate that the

following items were introduced as evidence:

APPOINTING AUTHORITY EXHIBITS:
KFD1 Written Reprimand issued to Joseph Sunseri, III dated
January 21, 2019 in reference to the vase incident; written
statements from subordinates concerning the incident; incident
date - 01/15/2019
KFD2 Written Reprimand issued to Joseph Sunseri, III dated
March 29, 2019 in reference to an email sent to Ryan Bergeron,
Terence Morris, Charles Hudson, and Heather Hilliard,
Assistant Director of Emergency Management, subject: health
& welfare checks; copy of the email; incident date -
02/28/2019; Louisiana Revised Statute 33:2495 - Working
Tests

APPELLANT EXHIBITS:
JS1 Personnel Action Forms (city and state) dated September
25, 2019 - September 27, 2019 issued to Joseph Sunseri, III;
Rejection from working test period
JS2 Printout of a text message exchange between Joseph
Sunseri, III and Ryan Bergeron
JS3 KFD 103 Form dated September 26, 2019 from Joseph
Sunseri, III to the Fire Chief requesting a meeting and
explanation for the rejection from working test period.

Also, the following witnesses provided testimony at the hearing:

Terence Morris, Fire Chief
Ryan Bergeron, Chief of Administration
Charles Hudson, Chief of Administration
Keith Crimen, Jr., Chief of Fire Prevention
Joseph Sunseri, III, Fire Driver, Appellant
Jennifer Driscoll, Board Secretary

After a brief executive session to discuss the character and professional

competence of Mr. Sunseri pursuant to Louisiana Revised Statute 42:17, by a vote

of 4 to 1, the Board found that Mr. Sunseri was not given a fair opportunity to

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prove his ability in the position of Assistant Fire Chief and granted his appeal. The

Board’s written Findings of Fact were as follows:

• On September 29, 2018 Joseph Sunseri, III was appointed to
Assistant Fire Chief in a probationary working test period.

• Per Louisiana R. S. 33:2495, a working test period shall
continue for a period of no less than six (6) months and no more
than one (1) year.

• On September 29, 2018 the Fire Chief, Ryan Bergeron, was
the direct supervisor of Joseph Sunseri, III as an Assistant Fire
Chief.

• On December 10, 2018 the positions of Chief of
Administration over administrative personnel and Chief of
Administration over suppression personnel were added to the
Kenner Fire Department. The Chief of Administration over
suppression personnel became the direct supervisor of the
Assistant Fire Chiefs. Terence Morris was appointed to Chief of
Administration over suppression personnel. Charles Hudson
was appointed to the Chief of Administration over
administrative personnel. Keith Crimen, Jr. was appointed to
Chief of Fire Prevention.

• Joseph Sunseri, III received a written reprimand on January
30, 2019 from an incident occurring on January 15, 2019.
Specifically for violation of Kenner Fire Department Standard
Operating Guideline 140.02 Administrative Section - Rules of
Conduct: Article 52 - Instruction from an Authoritative Source,
Article 59 - Cooperation, and Article 84 – Report
Requirements; False or Inaccurate Reports. (Exhibit KFD1)

• Joseph Sunseri, III received a written reprimand on March 29,
2019 from an incident occurring on February 28, 2019.
Specifically for violation of Kenner Fire Department Standard
Operating Guideline 140.02 Administrative Section - Rules of
Conduct: Article 50.2 Conduct Unbecoming an Officer (Exhibit
KFD2)

• On April 14, 2019 Ryan Bergeron resigned as Fire Chief and
was appointed to Chief of Administration over suppression
personnel. Terence Morris was appointed interim Fire Chief.

• On June 15, 2019 Keith Crimen, Jr. was appointed to Fire
Chief. Terence Morris was appointed to Chief of
Administration over suppression personnel. Ryan Bergeron was
appointed to the position of Chief of Administration over
administrative personnel. Charles Hudson was appointed to the
position of Chief of Fire Prevention.

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• Joseph Sunseri, III received no further written reprimands or
other disciplinary actions contained in a personnel action form
for the remainder of the working test period.

• On September 25, 2019 Joseph Sunseri, III received a
telephone call from both Ryan Bergeron, then Chief of
Administration over administrative personnel, and Keith
Crimen, Jr., then Fire Chief, advising him that he would not be
confirmed in the position of Assistant Fire Chief.

• A civil service personnel action form was completed on
September 25, 2019, with an effective date of September 27,
2019, reflecting a rejection from working test period for Joseph
Sunseri, III. (Exhibit JS1)

• On September 25, 2019 Keith Crimen, Jr. resigned as Fire
Chief and was appointed Chief of Fire Prevention. Terence
Morris was appointed Fire Chief. Ryan Bergeron was appointed
Chief of Administration over suppression personnel. Charles
Hudson was appointed to Chief of Administration over
administrative personnel.

• The civil service personnel action form was received by
Jennifer Driscoll, Board Secretary, in the fire and police civil
service department on September 26, 2019. (Exhibit JS1)

• Joseph Sunseri, III contacted Ryan Bergeron via text message
on September 26, 2019 to request an explanation of the
rejection from working test period. Ryan Bergeron advised in
response via text message that he should request a meeting with
then Fire Chief, Terence Morris, on a KFD103 Form. (Exhibit
JS2)

• Joseph Sunseri, III submitted a complete KFD103 Form to his
superior officer requesting a meeting with the Fire Chief in
reference to the rejection from working test period. (Exhibit
JS3)

• On the morning of September 27, 2019 Joseph Sunseri, III
contacted Jennifer Driscoll via telephone call to request a copy
of any paperwork received reflecting a rejection from working
test period. A copy of the personnel action form was provided
to Joseph Sunseri, III on the afternoon of September 27, 2019
by Jennifer Driscoll. (Exhibit JS1)

• On October 3, 2019 Jennifer Driscoll received a letter from
Laura Cannizzaro Rodrigue containing a notice of legal
representation for Joseph Sunseri, III, as well as a request for
hearing of appeal relative to the rejection from working test
period.

• On October 14, 2019 the Kenner Municipal Fire and Police
Civil Service Board held a regular meeting. At this meeting the

23-CA-156 4

Civil Service Board reviewed Joseph Sunseri, III’s request for
hearing of appeal. This request was approved and added to the
docket as case number 2019_AH_FIR_014.

• After many delays caused by COVID-19 and Hurricane Ida,
an appeal hearing was set for December 16, 2021.

The Board then listed the witnesses and exhibits that were offered at the hearing,

described the temporary adjournment to executive session, and then rendered the

Decision of the Board, stating that Kenner did not give Mr. Sunseri “a fair

opportunity to prove his ability in the position of Assistant Fire Chief and,

therefore, the appeal of Joseph Sunseri is granted.”

On Kenner’s behalf, former Mayor and Appointing Authority, E. “Ben”

Zahn, III, appealed the Board’s decision to the 24th Judicial District Court. Kenner

asserted that, during Mr. Sunseri’s working test period as a probational Assistant

Chief, Mr. Sunseri received written reprimands on January 21, 2019 and March 29,

2019. The first reprimand was issued because he submitted “vague and then

inappropriate documentation” from several of his subordinate firefighters in

response to an investigation of property damage that a citizen sustained while the

department was responding to a call, in violation of several of the Department’s

Rules of Conduct.1 The second reprimand Mr. Sunseri received was for a violation

of Rule of Conduct Article 50.2 – Conduct Unbecoming an Officer – after Mr.

Sunseri questioned a request to perform welfare checks on Department members

out on sick leave due to surgery and stated, “This is getting absurd.” in a February

28, 2019 email addressed to Chief Ryan Bergeron, Chief of Administration

Terence Morris, and Chief of Administration Charles Hudson, with a carbon copy

1
Kenner alleged Mr. Sunseri violated the following City of Kenner Fire Department Standard
Operating Guidelines (“SOG”) 140.02 Administrative Section – Rules of Conduct:
(1) Article 50.2 – Conduct Unbecoming of an Officer;
(2) Article 52 – Instructions from an Authoritative Source;
(3) Article 53 – Neglect of Duty;
(4) Article 54 – Disobedience of Orders;
(5) Article 59 – Cooperation;
(6) Article 84 – Report Requirements;
(7) False or Inaccurate Reports

23-CA-156 5

to Assistant Director of Emergency Management Heather Hilliard. Kenner asserted

in its brief that all three Fire Chiefs under whom Mr. Sunseri served during his test

period concurred in the decision to reinstate Mr. Sunseri to the position of District

Fire Chief, as he “failed his working test period as he was unable and unwilling to

perform satisfactorily the duties of the position of Assistant Chief to which he was

appointed.” Kenner argued that the Board “erroneously” reversed its decision

despite the fact that “three Fire Chiefs had the opportunity to directly observe Mr.

Sunseri’s job performance as Assistant Chief on separate occasions during his

nearly one-year working test period” and “all three did not believe that Sunseri

adequately performed” his duties. (Emphasis in original). Kenner also argued that

the Board committed manifest error and its decision was not made in good faith, as

there was no rational basis to conclude that Mr. Sunseri did not receive a fair

opportunity to prove his ability to perform as Assistant Chief. Kenner asked the

district court to reverse the Board’s decision and reinstate its decision to reject Mr.

Sunseri’s probational employment as Assistant Chief.

The matter was submitted on briefs. The district court found that Mr. Sunseri

had no basis to appeal Kenner’s failure to provide him with a signed statement

containing reasons for his working test period rejection as required by La. R.S.

33:2495. On February 6, 2023, the court issued judgment in favor of Kenner and

reversed the Board’s decision granting Mr. Sunseri’s appeal, thereby reinstating

Kenner’s rejection of Mr. Sunseri’s appointment as Assistant Chief. Mr. Sunseri’s

timely appeal followed.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

1. The District Court committed an error of law when it
disregarded the requirements of La. R.S. 33:2495 that a signed
statement containing the reasons for rejection be provided to an
employee.

2. The District Court committed an error of law when it found
that the only basis for appeal allowed under La. R.S.

23-CA-156 6

33:2495(B)(2)(c) is not being given a fair opportunity to prove
one’s ability in the position.

Mr. Sunseri argues that the district court erred when it found that he could

not appeal Kenner’s decision on procedural grounds, but instead could only

challenge his rejection if, under La. R.S. 33:2495(B)(2)(c), he was not given a fair

opportunity to prove his ability in the position. He also argues that the district court

committed legal error when it did not consider the failure of Kenner to provide him

with written reasons regarding his rejection to La. R.S. 33:2495(C). Kenner did not

furnish a signed statement to Mr. Sunseri indicating its refusal to confirm him as

Assistant Chief and the reasons therefor upon completion of his working test

period. Mr. Sunseri contends that Kenner’s “failure to provide the signed statement

to Sunseri deprived him of the due process he is owed under La. R.S. 33:2495 and

his opportunity to even grasp what specifically he could or could not appeal.” Mr.

Sunseri concludes that he is legally entitled to confirmation, pursuant to La. R.S.

33:2495(C), because Kenner did not complete the process of refusing his

confirmation, specifically Kenner did not provide him with a signed statement that

offered reasons for his rejection and if “the appointing authority is free to disregard

all procedural mandates within the statute itself, [it] would lead to absurd results.”

LAW AND DISCUSSION

If made in good faith and statutory cause, a decision of the civil
service board cannot be disturbed on judicial review. Good faith does
not occur if the appointing authority acted arbitrarily or capriciously,
or as the result of prejudice or political expediency. Arbitrary or
capricious means the lack of a rational basis for the action taken. The
district court should accord deference to a civil service board’s factual
conclusions and must not overturn them unless they are manifestly
erroneous. Likewise, the intermediate appellate court and our review
of a civil service board's findings of fact are limited. Those findings
are entitled to the same weight as findings of fact made by a trial court
and are not to be overturned in the absence of manifest error.

Moore v. Ware, 01-3341 (La. 2/25/03), 839 So.2d 940, 945-46 (internal citations

omitted).

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La. R.S. 33:2495 provides, in pertinent part:

B. (1) Except as provided in R.S. 33:2495.1, the period of the
working test shall commence immediately upon appointment and shall
continue for a period of not less than six months nor more than one
year.
(2)(a) Any probational employee in the classified fire service,
except an entry level fireman and an entry level radio, fire alarm, or
signal system operator, who has served less than six months of his
working test for any given position may be removed therefrom only
with the prior approval of the board, and only upon one of the
following grounds:
(i) He is unable or unwilling to perform satisfactorily the duties
of the position to which he has been appointed.
(ii) His habits and dependability do not merit his continuance
therein.
(b) Any such probational employee in the classified fire service
may appear before the board and present his case before he is
removed.
(c) Any such probational employee in the classified fire service
who is rejected after having served a working test of six months but
not more than one year may appeal to the board only upon the
grounds that he has not been given a fair opportunity to prove his
ability in the position.
C. Upon any employee completing his working test, the
appointing authority shall so advise the board and furnish a signed
statement to the respective employee of its confirmation and
acceptance of the employee as a regular and permanent employee in
the respective position or of its refusal to confirm the employee and
the reasons therefor. If, at the expiration of an employee's working test
period, the appointing authority fails to confirm or reject the
employee, such failure to act shall constitute a confirmation.

Mr. Sunseri urges that La. R.S. 33:2495(B)(2)(c) mandates that his

appointment be confirmed in this instance where Kenner did not provide him with

a written statement advising him of its refusal to confirm him in the position of

Assistant Fire Chief.

Mr. Sunseri contends that Kenner reversed its obligations under La. R.S.

33:2495 and advised him via telephone of the rejection from his working test

period, but provided the Board with a signed statement regarding its decision. In

support of his position, Mr. Sunseri cites to Powell v. City of Winnfield Fire &

Police Civ. Serv. Bd., 370 So.2d 109 (La. App. 2nd Cir. 1979), in which the

Second Circuit found, “the statutory requirement [under La. R.S. 33:2560(D)] of

23-CA-156 8

specificity in written reasons for discharge, [had] not been fulfilled under the

circumstances shown by [the] record.” In that case, a police officer was discharged

after many infractions, but only the Aldermen were sent a report regarding his

dismissal. The Second Circuit, citing R.S. 33:2560(D),2 found that “the Board

erred in determining that his discharge, on the broad ground of neglect, was made

in good faith for cause”, and reversed the Board’s decision. Id. at 110.

Mr. Sunseri urges that, because Kenner refused to comply with the letter of

the law, he should have been confirmed as Assistant Chief. However, the record in

Powell did not show that the employee had been given detailed reasons for his

dismissal “in writing or otherwise” and that the court could not presume to know

the contents of the report the police chief submitted to the Alderman. Id. at 112.

To contrast, in the case sub judice, the record shows that Mr. Sunseri timely

received two reprimands, which were entered into evidence at the hearing. Kenner

had valid grounds to reject his appointment before the six-month mark of his test

period had passed pursuant to La. R.S. 33:2495(B)(2)(a) or (b). Therefore, we

must reject Mr. Sunseri’s assertion that Kenner’s apparent failure to follow the

letter of the law pursuant to La. R.S. 33:2495(C) should result in his confirmation.

Although deference should be given to the factual conclusions of a civil

service board, upon review of the record, we find that the district court did not err

when it found that the Board’s decision “was arbitrary and capricious and not made

in good faith for cause.” See Moore, 839 So.2d at 945-46; Voltolina v. City of

Kenner, 20-151 (La. App. 5 Cir. 12/2/20), 306 So.3d 640, 644, writ denied, 20-

1498 (La. 3/9/21), 312 So.3d 583, citing Mathieu v. New Orleans Public Library,

09-2746 (La. 10/19/10), 50 So.3d 1259, 1262. “The appellate court’s review of the

2
La. R.S. 33:2560(D) states: In every case of corrective or disciplinary action taken against a regular
employee of the classified service, the appointing authority shall furnish the employee and the board a
statement in writing of the action and the complete reasons therefor.

23-CA-156 9

findings of fact is governed by the manifest error or clearly erroneous standard in a

Civil Service case.” Banks v. New Orleans Police Dep't, 01-859 (La. App. 4 Cir.

9/25/02); 829 So.2d 511, 513-14, writ denied, 02-2620 (La. 12/13/02); 831 So.2d

990. Under the manifest error/clearly wrong standard of review, the issue to be

resolved by a reviewing court is not whether the trier of fact was right or wrong,

but whether the fact finders’ conclusions were reasonable. See Stobart v. State

through Dep’t of Transp. & Dev., 617 So.2d 880, 882 (La. 1993). When the civil

service board has committed a reversible legal error, the reviewing court should

make its own review of the record and render a judgment on the merits, if possible.

Voltolina, supra.

In Mr. Sunseri’s case, the Civil Service Board did not make any factual

findings, or reach any conclusions. The Board’s report does not contain factual

deductions or inferences drawn from the evidence provided by the parties.3 Instead,

the “Findings of Fact” are merely a recitation of the timeline of events that

transpired during his working test period, which the parties do not dispute. The

Board’s findings do not provide a rational basis for the Board’s conclusory finding

that Kenner did not provide Mr. Sunseri a fair opportunity to prove his ability in

the position of Assistant Chief. It is not clear from the report what inferences the

Board made, or which facts it determined Mr. Sunseri proved in support of his

appeal (other than Kenner’s failure to timely provide written notice of his rejection

pursuant to La. R.S. 33:2495(C)). The lack of evidence to support the Board’s

decision left the district court no choice but to conclude that the Board’s decision

was arbitrary and capricious, and not made in good faith and for statutory cause.

See Moore, 839 So.2d at 945-46; City of Kenner v. Kenner Mun. Fire & Police

3
See CONCLUSION OF FACT, Black's Law Dictionary (11th ed. 2019) (conclusion of fact (18c) A
factual deduction drawn from observed or proven facts without resort to rules of law; an evidentiary
inference.)

23-CA-156 10

Civil Serv. Bd., 09-465 (La. App. 5 Cir. 1/12/10), 31 So.3d 473, 481-482, writ

denied, 10-324 (La. 6/4/10), 38 So.3d 301.

In turn, our review is limited to a determination of whether the district court

committed manifest error. Id. at 481, citing Shields v. City of Shreveport, 565

So.2d 473, 480 (La. App. 2nd Cir.1990), aff’d, 579 So.2d 961 (La. 1991). The

Board made the correct inquiry, but the record before us contains no factual

findings made by the Board which would constitute a rational basis for its

determination that Mr. Sunseri was not given a fair opportunity to prove his ability

in the position of Assistant Fire Chief. Therefore, we find that the district court’s

determination that the Board committed manifest error, and its judgment reversing

the ruling of the Board that granted Mr. Sunseri’s appeal, were correct. Last,

without evidence to support allegations that he did not have a fair opportunity to

prove his ability in the position, pursuant to La. R.S. 33:2495(B)(2)(c), we find that

Mr. Sunseri had no other basis to appeal Kenner’s refusal to confirm his

appointment as Assistant Fire Chief after the completion of his working test period.

DECREE

Considering the foregoing, the judgment of the district court is affirmed.

AFFIRMED

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SUSAN M. CHEHARDY CURTIS B. PURSELL

CHIEF JUDGE CLERK OF COURT

SUSAN S. BUCHHOLZ
FREDERICKA H. WICKER
CHIEF DEPUTY CLERK
JUDE G. GRAVOIS
MARC E. JOHNSON
ROBERT A. CHAISSON LINDA M. WISEMAN
STEPHEN J. WINDHORST
FIRST DEPUTY CLERK
JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR.
SCOTT U. SCHLEGEL FIFTH CIRCUIT
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JUDGES 101 DERBIGNY STREET (70053)
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL STAFF
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GRETNA, LOUISIANA 70054 (504) 376-1400

(504) 376-1498 FAX
www.fifthcircuit.org

NOTICE OF JUDGMENT AND CERTIFICATE OF DELIVERY
I CERTIFY THAT A COPY OF THE OPINION IN THE BELOW-NUMBERED MATTER HAS BEEN DELIVERED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH UNIFORM RULES - COURT OF APPEAL, RULE 2-16.4 AND 2-16.5 THIS DAY
DECEMBER 13, 2023 TO THE TRIAL JUDGE, CLERK OF COURT, COUNSEL OF RECORD AND ALL PARTIES
NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL, AS LISTED BELOW:

23-CA-156
E-NOTIFIED
24TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT (CLERK)
HONORABLE ELLEN SHIRER KOVACH (DISTRICT JUDGE)
AMANDA PLAISCIA (APPELLEE) CRAIG R. WATSON (APPELLEE) BLAKE J. ARCURI (APPELLANT)
LAURA C. RODRIGUE (APPELLANT) RYAN C. HIGGINS (APPELLEE)

MAILED
DAVID J. PATIN, JR. (APPELLEE)
ATTORNEY AT LAW
401 WHITNEY AVENUE
SUITE 500
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