Leah Angelique Alexander Versus Thaddeus R Victor

LEAH ANGELIQUE ALEXANDER NO. 23-CA-173

VERSUS FIFTH CIRCUIT

THADDEUS R. VICTOR COURT OF APPEAL

STATE OF LOUISIANA

ON APPEAL FROM THE TWENTY-NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF ST. CHARLES, STATE OF LOUISIANA
NO. 91,425, DIVISION "D"
HONORABLE M. LAUREN LEMMON, JUDGE PRESIDING

October 31, 2023

JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR.
JUDGE

Panel composed of Judges Fredericka Homberg Wicker,
John J. Molaison, Jr., and Scott U. Schlegel

AFFIRMED; REMANDED
JJM
SUS

DISSENTS WITH REASONS
FHW

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT,
THADDEUS R. VICTOR
Orrin A. Marino

MOLAISON, J.

In this matter pertaining to the issuance of a domestic abuse protection order,

the appellant challenges the sufficiency of evidence presented at trial by the

appellee. The appellant also contends that the trial court erred in listing his minor

child as one of the persons protected under the order. For the reasons that follow,

we affirm the judgment in part, and remand for clarification.

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

A verified petition for protection from abuse was filed by Leah Alexander

pursuant to La. R.S. 46:2131, et. seq on November 21, 2022, at the Twenty-Ninth

Judicial District Court for the Parish of St. Charles, listing herself and her minor

child, R.V.1 as protected persons from the appellant, Thaddeus Victor. Mr. Victor

was identified as R.V.’s father and Ms. Alexander’s former fiancée. On that same

date, the trial court issued a temporary restraining order which found that the

allegations presented an immediate and present danger to the physical safety of the

protected persons, and that the allegations presented also constituted stalking and

sexual assault. The temporary restraining order, which remained in effect until the

hearing date of December 12, 2022, provided that Mr. Victor could not go within

100 yards of Ms. Alexander and R.V., and he was also ordered not to interfere with

the physical custody of R.V. On December 12, 2022, a hearing on Ms.

Alexander’s petition was held. The trial court granted relief on that date and

extended the protective order through June 12, 2024.2 This timely appeal follows.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR ONE

The evidence presented during the protective order hearing was insufficient

1
This opinion will use the initials of the minor child, rather than the full name, to protect
and maintain the privacy of the minor child involved in this proceeding. Burds v. Skidmore, 19-
0263 (La. App. 4 Cir. 3/22/19), 267 So.3d 192, 193; D.M.S. v. I.D.S., 14-0364 (La. App. 4 Cir.
3/4/15), 225 So.3d 1127, 1130.
2
The original order provided an expiration date of June 12, 2023. On December 13,
2022, an amended order was issued to provide the correct date of the expiration as June 12, 2024.

23-CA-173 1

to establish by preponderance of the evidence that a protective order should have

been granted by the court. Ms. Alexander failed to prove the that allegations meet

the legal definition of domestic abuse by a preponderance of the evidence.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

The petition

The petition for protection from abuse filed by Ms. Alexander on November

21, 2022, alleged various acts against her by Mr. Victor over the previous year,

which included being punched, choked, shoved, stalked, threatened and sexually

abused. Ms. Alexander also alleged that Mr. Victor had abused her while she was

pregnant, had abused their minor child, and threatened or attempted suicide. The

petition stated that the most recent incident occurred on November 20, 2022. Ms.

Alexander indicated that, on that date, she went to pick up R.V. from the

defendant, when he engaged her in a verbal altercation as she was securing R.V. in

her the vehicle. Mr. Victor then grabbed her by the neck and punched her in the

side. As the defendant pulled R.V. from the vehicle, the child struck his head. She

thereafter contacted police. The petition stated that the first incident of violence

occurred when Mr. Victor learned that Ms. Alexander was pregnant. She also

indicated that she was fearful for her own and R.V.’s safety.

The December 12, 2022 hearing

Ms. Alexander testified at the December 12, 2022 hearing and provided an

overview of her relationship with Mr. Victor, which had reportedly become

volatile in recent years. Generally, Mr. Victor was constantly suspicious that Ms.

Alexander was engaged in affairs, which she denied. Also, Mr. Victor had been

caught having affairs on multiple occasions. Ms. Alexander stated that Mr. Victor

had started becoming abusive toward her after she became pregnant. She recounted

that on January 1, 2021, the couple was staying at the Westin Hotel in New

Orleans. That day, Mr. Victor began questioning her about a man who followed

23-CA-173 2

her on social media. When Ms. Alexander tried to leave the room, Mr. Victor

threw her on the bed and choked her. She gave him back the engagement ring at

that time. After the incident, the couple reconciled and, in May of 2021, they

moved in with her parents.

Ms. Alexander described a second incident of abuse that occurred on August

15, 2022. On that date, she confronted Mr. Victor with suspicions that he was

cheating on her. At the time, he said he wanted to borrow her car and leave to go

visit a friend. Ms. Alexander testified that Mr. Victor grabbed her cell phone while

she was holding R.V., and she tried to get the phone back while standing next to

their bed. Mr. Victor allegedly grabbed R.V. from her hands, shoved her to the bed

and began choking her.

Ms. Alexander moved in with Mr. Victor’s parents on November 20, 2021.

On February 15, 2022, the defendant accused her of infidelity. When she tried to

leave, he physically stopped her from exiting the house, took her cell phone, and

blocked her from the doors. Ultimately, after she got out of the house, Mr. Victor

jumped onto her car from prevent her from leaving the driveway. She called her

parents during the incident to help her get away from Mr. Victor.

Ms. Alexander recounted that Mr. Victor stalked her repeatedly, even

showing up at her work. On one occasion, he tried to fraudulently obtain her cell

phone, which she had left at a repair store. Mr. Victor constantly texted her to see

where she was, and also went to her mother’s house in the middle of the night with

R.V. in the car to see if she was there.

On November 20, 2022, Ms. Alexander went to pick up R.V. at the home of

Mr. Victor’s parents. At that time, he came outside of the house without R.V. and

said that he wanted to talk to her. Ms. Alexander testified that she refused and said

she wanted to get R.V. When she tried to go inside, Mr. Victor pushed her back

repeatedly. Mr. Victor’s mother was watching from the porch while holding the

23-CA-173 3

R.V. and appeared to be confused. Ultimately, Mr. Victor agreed to put R.V. in the

car seat, and his mother asked Ms. Alexander not to call the police. As Ms.

Alexander tried to buckle R.V. into his car seat, Mr. Victor pushed her to the side,

grabbed R.V. went back toward the house. Ms. Alexander alleged that R.V. hit his

head in the process. Ultimately, both Ms. Alexander and Mr. Victor called the

police. After the police arrived and interviewed both parties, they allowed Mr.

Victor to maintain custody of R.V. at that time, and Ms. Alexander left.

On cross examination, Ms. Alexander clarified that she never reported the

incidents of August and November 2022 to police, and police never questioned her

about those events. She also never alerted hotel security about the incident at the

Westin hotel. Ms. Alexander also indicated that there is no formal custody

agreement between her and Mr. Victor. She explained that her allegations of child

abuse against Mr. Victor stemmed from R.V. hitting his head Mr. Victor pulled

him from the car and also for not having R.V. appropriately dressed for the cold

weather that evening. After the incident in August of 2022, she told Mr. Victor’s

mother, who asked her not to call police.

Erica Tate, Ms. Alexander’s mother, was called as a witness. She described

that the transfer of R.V. back and forth between the parties was problematic, and

she suggested to Ms. Alexander that she bring one of her sisters along as a witness.

Mrs. Tate also suggested that the parties meet at a neutral location. Mrs. Tate

indicated that she never saw any violence between Ms. Alexander and Mr. Victor

when they lived at her home, but she did witness them argue in the driveway once.

She was aware of physical incidents between Ms. Alexander and Mr. Victor that

occurred at the home of Mr. Victor’s parents.

Mr. Victor testified at the hearing. On direct examination, he denied that he

had ever committed any acts of physical violence against Ms. Alexander, although

he alleged that she had acted violently toward him on occasion. He also denied

23-CA-173 4

threatening or stalking Ms. Alexander, or threatening to kill himself. In connection

with his testimony about the November 20, 2022 incident, he introduced video

evidence taken from an alarm system camera that showed the driveway of his

parents’ home. He denied hitting Ms. Alexander or causing R.V. to hit his head at

that time.

Mr. Victor admitted showing Ms. Alexander a video that depicted a man

killing his children and himself, but denied telling her that he related to the video’s

contents. He admitted that he had driven Ms. Alexander on one occasion to a

home she had secretly been looking into buying, but he said that going to the

particular house was just a coincidence and that he had not been tracking her

movements. Mr. Victor denied that he had tried to obtain Ms. Alexander’s phone

from a repair shop, and contended that he was there merely to pay for the phone’s

repair. While admitting that he believed Ms. Alexander had been unfaithful to him

during the relationship, he denied tracking her phone or accusing her of giving him

a sexually transmitted disease.

Mr. Victor’s mother, Reanda, also testified. She said that she had never

witnessed physical violence between her son and Ms. Alexander, although she had

heard Ms. Alexander threaten her son with violence. She admitted that Ms.

Alexander told her that Mr. Victor had tried to strangle her. Mrs. Victor denied

seeing any physical contact between her son and Ms. Alexander on November 20,

2022, and did not see R.V. hit his head on that date. Mrs. Victor claimed that her

son was simply asserting his parental rights. Mrs. Victor described an incident that

occurred in September of 2020 at her home, when she heard the couple arguing

and went outside and saw Ms. Alexander holding a hammer in her hand. She did

not see Ms. Alexander strike her son with the hammer.

23-CA-173 5

In rebuttal, Ms. Alexander claimed that she retrieved the hammer from her

car in self-defense after Mr. Victor dragged her on the ground by her hair. She did

not report the September 2020 incident to police.

At the conclusion of the hearing, the Court verbally granted the protective

order as to Ms. Alexander only, and facilitated a shared custody schedule between

the parties by consent.

The Domestic Abuse Assistance Law

La. R.S. 46:2135 provides, in part:

A. Upon good cause shown in an ex parte proceeding, the court
may enter a temporary restraining order, without bond, as it deems
necessary to protect from abuse the petitioner, any minor children, or
any person alleged to be an incompetent. Any person who shows
immediate and present danger of abuse shall constitute good cause for
purposes of this Subsection. The court shall consider any and all past
history of abuse, or threats thereof, in determining the existence of an
immediate and present danger of abuse. There is no requirement that
the abuse itself be recent, immediate, or present. The order may
include but is not limited to the following:

(1) Directing the defendant to refrain from abusing, harassing,
or interfering with the person or employment or going near the
residence or place of employment of the petitioner, the minor
children, or any person alleged to be incompetent, on whose behalf a
petition was filed under this Part.

Domestic abuse is not limited to physical or sexual abuse, but includes any offense

against the person, physical or non-physical, as defined in the Louisiana Criminal

Code, except negligent injury and defamation, committed by one family member,

household member, or dating partner, against another. La. R.S. 46:2132(A)(3).

Under the Domestic Abuse Assistance law, the trial court may grant a

protective order directing the defendant from “abusing, harassing, or interfering

with” the petitioning party. La. R.S. 46:2135(A)(1); La. R.S. 46:2136(A)(1). To

obtain a protective order under this law, the petitioner must prove the allegations of

abuse by a preponderance of the evidence. La. R.S. 46:2135(B). Proof by

preponderance of the evidence is when the entirety of the evidence shows that the

23-CA-173 6

fact sought to be proved is more probable than not. Shaw v. Young, 15-974 (La.

App. 4 Cir. 8/17/16); 199 So.3d 1180, 1183. In cases decided pursuant to the

Domestic Abuse Assistance statute, a trial court's order is reversible only upon a

showing of an abuse of discretion. Ruiz v. Ruiz, 05-175 (La. App. 5 Cir. 7/26/05),

910 So.2d 443, 445, citing Rouyea v. Rouyea, 00-2613 (La. App. 1 Cir. 3/28/01),

808 So.2d 558, 561.

In this assignment of error, Mr. Victor essentially challenges the credibility

of Ms. Alexander as a witness, claiming that her testimony was inconsistent,

contradictory and untruthful. The trial court sitting as the trier of fact is in the best

position to evaluate the demeanor of the witnesses and its credibility

determinations will not be disturbed by this Court absent manifest error. Ruiz,

supra. To reverse a fact-finder's determination, the appellate court must find from

the record that a reasonable factual basis does not exist for the finding of the trial

court, and that the record establishes that the finding is clearly wrong. Rabalais v.

Nash, 06–999 (La. 3/9/07); 952 So.2d 653, 657. Where the fact-finder's findings

are reasonable in light of the record reviewed in its entirety, the court of appeal

may not reverse even if convinced that it would have weighed the evidence

differently and reached a different result. Id.

In order to reverse a protective order, the appellate court must review the

record in its entirety and conclude that a reasonable factual basis does not exist for

the finding and the factfinder is clearly wrong or manifestly erroneous. State in the

Interest of C.D., 18-834 (La. App. 4 Cir. 12/19/18), 262 So.3d 929, writ denied,

19-120 (La. 3/6/19), 266 So.3d 903. At the hearing in this matter, the trial court

indicated that it was granting the protective order based on the testimony

presented. After a review of the record, we find that the trial court's credibility

determinations with respect to both parties are reasonably supported. Accordingly,

we see no clear error in the trial court’s ruling that Ms. Alexander demonstrated

23-CA-173 7

she was the victim of domestic abuse, which resulted in the granting of the

protective order at issue.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR TWO

The trial court abused its discretion by including the minor child, R.V. as a

protected person in the Protective Order that was granted after hearing.

ANALYSIS

In this assignment, Mr. Victor contends that the evidence presented during

the protective order hearing was insufficient to establish by preponderance of the

evidence that a protective order in favor of R.V. should have been granted by the

court. As discussed above, R.V. was named as a protected person in the petition

filed on November 21, 2022. In addition, there was testimony at trial regarding Ms.

Alexander’s allegation that Mr. Victor had injured R.V. while removing him from

Ms. Alexander’s car. There was no other evidence of an injury to R.V. produced at

the December 12, 2022 hearing.

Mr. Victor is correct that the trial judge specifically indicated at the

conclusion of the hearing that the protective order only applied to Ms. Alexander.3

However, the order itself indicates that a “child” is among the protected persons,

even though no finding of abuse was made under the Louisiana Children’s Code.

In addition, the trial court implemented weekend visitation for Mr. Victor with

R.V., which would be appear to be inconsistent with the terms of the November

12, 2022 protective order, which expired. When all of these factors are taken

together, it would appear that R.V.’s inclusion in the December protective order

was in error. Accordingly, out of an abundance of caution, we remand the

judgment to the trial court to clarify who the protected persons in its order are.

3
We note that the trial court made no reference to the protection of R.V. from abuse in its
Reasons For Judgment.

23-CA-173 8

DECREE

For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed in part,

and the judgment is remanded for clarification.

AFFIRMED; REMANDED

23-CA-173 9

LEAH ANGELIQUE ALEXANDER NO. 23-CA-173

VERSUS FIFTH CIRCUIT

THADDEUS R VICTOR COURT OF APPEAL

STATE OF LOUISIANA

WICKER, J., DISSENTS WITH REASONS

I have considered the position of the majority, and I respectfully disagree.

A petitioner seeking a protective order has the burden of proving allegations of

abuse by a preponderance of the evidence. La. R.S. 46:2135(B). In my view,

the testimony and evidence presented at trial was insufficient to establish by a

preponderance of the evidence that Ms. Alexander was entitled to a protective

order against Mr. Victor.

The Domestic Abuse Assistance Act, La. R.S. 46:2131, et seq., provides

protection in the form of temporary restraining orders and protective orders for

persons subject to domestic abuse. S.M. v. T.M., 19-369 (La. App. 5 Cir.

12/26/19), 289 So.3d 141, 143; Lepine v. Lepine, 17-45 (La. App. 5 Cir.

6/15/17), 223 So.3d 666, 674. Domestic abuse “includes but is not limited to

physical or sexual abuse and any offense against the person, physical or non-

physical, as defined in the Criminal Code of Louisiana, except negligent injury

and defamation, committed by one family member, household member, or dating

partner against another.” La. R.S. 46:2132(3). The courts of this state have

determined that the definition of domestic abuse does not include nonphysical

acts, such as general harassment or family arguments, if those acts do not rise to

the level of physical abuse, or otherwise constitute an offense against the person

as defined in the Louisiana Criminal Code. S.M., 289 So.3d at 144; Ariatti v.

Plaisance, 18-84 (La. App. 5 Cir. 9/13/18), 255 So.3d 1239, 1248.

23-CA-173 10

The purpose of the Domestic Abuse Assistance Act is to provide relief to

victims of domestic violence by establishing a civil remedy which affords

immediate and easily accessible protection. Aguillard v. Aguillard, 19-757 (La.

App. 3 Cir. 7/8/20), 304 So.3d 473, 486; D.M.S. v. I.D.S., 14-364 (La. App 4 Cir.

3/4/15), 225 So.3d 1127, 1137, writ denied, 15-897 (La. 6/19/15), 172 So.3d

654. While I fully support the purpose of the Domestic Abuse Assistance Act,

it is important to understand that having a protective order issued against a

person is a serious matter and such order should not be granted unless the

petitioner meets her burden of proof.

In accordance with La. R.S. 46:2135 and 46:2136, the petitioner must

show “good cause” for the issuance of protective order.4 Pursuant to La. R.S.

46:2135, “good cause shown” is an immediate and present danger of abuse

against the petitioner. Carrie v. Jones, 21-0659 (La. App. 4 Cir. 1/21/22), 334

So. 3d 834, 842.

In the present case, I do not believe that Ms. Alexander established that

there was an immediate and present danger of abuse. The only evidence

supporting Ms. Alexander’s allegations of abuse was her own testimony. While

the testimony of one witness can be sufficient in domestic abuse cases, Ms.

Alexander’s testimony was full of inconsistencies and contradicted by other

evidence. Under these circumstances, a protective order should not have been

issued.

In her petition for protection from abuse filed on November 21, 2022, Ms.

Alexander alleged that the most recent incident of abuse, which caused her to file

the petition, occurred on November 20, 2022. She claimed that she went to pick

4
The jurisprudence provides that the good cause requirement applicable to temporary
restraining orders also applies to actions seeking protective orders. S.L.B. v. C.E.B., 17-978, 17-
979, 17-980 (La. App. 4 Cir. 7/27/18), 252 So.3d 950, 956, writ denied, 18-1442 (La. 11/20/18),
256 So.3d 992.

23-CA-173 11

up their 17-month-old son, R.V., from Mr. Victor’s house, but he refused to allow

her to take him and a verbal altercation ensued. In her petition, Ms. Alexander

alleged:

As petitioner was securing the child into her vehicle,
defendant grabbed her by the neck, punched her in the
side, and grabbed the child from the vehicle. The child
struck his head on the vehicle as defendant pulled him
from the vehicle and ran into the residence while pushing petitioner
away.

At trial, Ms. Alexander testified that when she went to pick up R.V. from

Mr. Victor on November 20, 2022, they got into an argument and he would not

allow her to take R.V. She stated that Mr. Victor’s mother was holding R.V.

outside, but Mr. Victor kept pushing her back and blocking her so that she could

not get to him. According to Ms. Alexander, at some point, Mr. Victor agreed to

put R.V. in the car. However, when she went to strap him in and buckle his

seatbelt, Mr. Victor grabbed her from the back of the neck, and punched and

shoved her to the side. He then took R.V. out of the car seat and ran towards the

house. Ms. Alexander testified that she followed behind, but R.V. was “being

flung every which way” and she could not get him, so she called the police.

Mr. Victor testified that when he was bringing R.V. to her car, Ms.

Alexander was hurling threats and clapping her hands aggressively. He did not

think Ms. Alexander was in “the right state of mind,” so he went back into the

house with R.V. According to Mr. Victor, Ms. Alexander followed them into the

house and started punching him and putting her hand on his neck in order to get to

R.V. A short time later, Mr. Victor agreed to bring R.V. back to her car. He

testified that after he put R.V. in the car and strapped him in, Ms. Alexander told

him that he would never see his son again, so he took the child out of the car and

went back inside the house. Mr. Victor testified that he did not grab Ms.

Alexander by the neck or punch her.

23-CA-173 12

The security system video from the driveway of Mr. Victor’s house does not

show that Mr. Victor physically abused or harmed Ms. Alexander on November

20, 2022.5 Rather, it shows that Mr. Victor was carrying R.V. and walked down

the driveway, along with his mother and Ms. Alexander. There was a discussion

taking place, and when Ms. Alexander opened the car door, Mr. Victor turned

around and walked back toward the house with R.V. A short time later, the video

shows that Ms. Alexander marched down the driveway toward the car, with Mr.

Victor, his mother, and R.V. following. Both parties appeared to be upset, with

Ms. Alexander flailing her arms, and pointing her finger at Mr. Victor. Mr. Victor

put R.V. in the car, and he and his mother turned around and started back up the

driveway.6 The parties appear to have continued arguing and Mr. Victor returned

to the car, took R.V. out, and started walking back toward the house. Mr. Victor

and his mother both testified that Mr. Victor became upset, because Ms. Alexander

told him he would not see R.V. Ms. Alexander initially followed but then returned

to her car and appeared to make a phone call.

In addition, according to the police reportto the police report from

November 20, 2022, Ms. Alexander reported that she went to pick up R.V. from

Mr. Victor, and they began arguing. She informed the police that Mr. Victor

grabbed her and pushed her away from R.V. The report does not indicate she

informed the police that Mr. Victor grabbed her by the neck and punched her in the

side, as alleged in the petition for protection from abuse. The police report

indicates that the responding officer “did not observe any signs of any physical

violence.” The officer allowed R.V. to remain with Mr. Victor and advised the

parties to seek civil counsel regarding custody.

5
Although Ms. Alexander’s car was at the top of the video screen and it is difficult to
closely see every movement when Mr. Victor took R.V. out of the car, the video does not suggest
that Mr. Victor punched Ms. Alexander or that his actions rose to the level of physical abuse.
6
Mr. Victor’s mother appeared to be pulling him away from Ms. Alexander’s car. She
testified that she did this because Ms. Alexander would call the police when she got angry and
she “just wanted peace.”

23-CA-173 13

The police report also indicates that Ms. Alexander informed the police that

there was a pending custody case and that she had primary custody of R.V.

However, no custody proceeding was pending and no formal custody arrangement

was in place at that time. Ms. Alexander denied that she made these assertions to

the police.

In her petition, Ms. Alexander included R.V. as a “protected person,”

claiming he was abused by Mr. Victor. At trial, she testified that the abuse

allegations pertaining to R.V. consisted of Mr. Victor hitting R.V.’s head when

taking him out of the car and improperly dressing him for the cold weather outside

on November 20, 2022. She also alleged that R.V. was crying and reaching his

arms out to Ms. Alexander, and was “being flung every which way.” Mr. Victor,

on the other hand, testified that R.V. did not hit his head or cry, and he did not

have any bruises or marks on him.

The video reflects that R.V. was wearing a jacket and that Mr. Victor pulled

the hood over R.V.’s head at some point. It does not show he was improperly

dressed for cold weather. Further, in the video, R.V. does not appear to be in any

distress, crying, or reaching for his mother. It is unclear on the video as to whether

R.V. hit his head when being taken out of his car seat, but there is nothing to

suggest Mr. Victor abused his son.

Considering the testimony of both parties, along with the video and police

reports, I do not believe that Ms. Alexander proved by a preponderance of the

evidence that Mr. Victor abused her or R.V. on November 20, 2022.

When considering whether to grant a protective order for good cause shown,

the trial court must consider “any and all past history of abuse, or threats thereof, in

determining the existence of an immediate and present danger of abuse.” La. R.S.

46:2135(A); Milam v. Hughes, 22-407 (La. App. 1 Cir. 12/29/22), 360 So.3d 852,

858. Although Ms. Alexander testified regarding prior incidents of abuse,

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allegedly occurring more than a year before the petition was filed, this testimony

also contained inconsistencies.

At trial, Ms. Alexander testified that she and Mr. Victor found out she was

pregnant in November of 2020 and that “the first incident of actual physical abuse”

occurred on January 1, 2021 at the Westin hotel in New Orleans. She stated that

they got into an argument and when she tried to leave the hotel room, he pushed

her on the bed and choked her. Ms. Alexander testified that she did not report the

January 2021 incident to hotel security, because Mr. Victor apologized. She also

stated that she did not seek medical attention or report the incident to anyone,

including her family. Mr. Victor testified that he remembered staying at the

Westin hotel on January 1, 2021, but he did not recall any physical altercation and

did not push her on the bed or choke her.

Ms. Alexander testified that the second incident of abuse occurred on

August 15, 2021,7 when they argued and Mr. Victor grabbed R.V. from her hands,

pushed her on the bed, and started choking her. She admitted that she did not call

the police on this occasion, and there was no testimony or evidence to corroborate

her claims. Mr. Victor admitted that they had a verbal altercation on that date, but

he denied having a physical altercation.

The record shows that almost a year later, on August 3, 2022, the police

responded to Mr. Victor’s house in reference to a female being held against her

will and not being allowed to leave the residence. When the police arrived, Ms.

Alexander was no longer at the scene. According to the police report, Mr. Victor

explained that he did not believe Ms. Alexander was in “the right state of mind,” so

he would not let her leave with their son. According to the police report, Ms.

Alexander arrived back at the scene while the police were speaking to Mr. Victor,

7
Ms. Alexander stated that this second incident of abuse occurred on August 15, 2022,
right before Hurricane Ida. However, considering Hurricane Ida was in 2021, it appears this is
the correct date.

23-CA-173 15

and she reported, consistent with Mr. Victor’s report, that Mr. Victor would not

allow her to leave with their son. The report does not indicate that Ms. Alexander

made any allegations of violence or physical abuse. The officer advised the parties

that the issue was a civil matter, noting that no court ordered documentation

regarding custody was in place, and Ms. Alexander left. Ms. Alexander testified

that she lived with Mr. Victor and his parents after this incident from August 2022

until October 3, 2022.

During Mr. Victor’s case, his mother testified about an alleged incident in

September 2020. She stated that Ms. Alexander came to their driveway with a

hammer due to “some disagreement they had,” and Mr. Victor was able to take the

hammer away from her. Thereafter, when Ms. Alexander presented her rebuttal

testimony, she addressed the September 2020 incident and stated that she keeps the

hammer in her car for self-defense. She also testified that on that occasion, Mr.

Victor grabbed her out of her car, dragged her to the ground, pulled her ponytail

out, and wrestled her on the ground.

Defense counsel asked Ms. Alexander why she was now claiming this

physical altercation occurred in September 2020, when she had previously testified

that the first incident of physical violence occurred in January 2021. Ms.

Alexander responded that she had previously testified that the January 2021

incident was first time Mr. Victor choked her, not the first time he was physically

violent. However, the record reflects that during presentation of her case, Ms.

Alexander stated that the January 2021 incident at the Westin was “the first

incident of actual physical abuse” in their relationship. She also stated that prior to

that incident, she “did not see or witness any kind of violence or aggressive

behavior” from Mr. Victor, and “it had never got to a point where it became violent

or aggressive.”

23-CA-173 16

Considering the inconsistencies in Ms. Alexander’s testimony and the

discrepancies between her testimony and both the police report and video, some

corroborative evidence of Ms. Alexander’s claims would have certainly benefitted

her case. However, Ms. Alexander did not present any photographs, or even

allegations, that she suffered any injuries, scratches, or bruises as a result of Mr.

Victor’s alleged abuse. Further, there was no evidence that anyone witnessed Mr.

Victor abuse or threaten to abuse Ms. Alexander.

Ms. Alexander’s mother testified that the parties lived with her for three or

four months before R.V. was born. She witnessed arguments between them, but

she did not see anything physical or hear Mr. Victor make any threats. Mr.

Victor’s mother testified that Ms. Alexander had lived with them on and off since

November of 2020. She stated that she witnessed arguments between the parties

but never saw Mr. Victor become physically violent. However, she had seen Ms.

Alexander “come at” Mr. Victor physically. Mr. Victor’s mother also testified that

she was present during the entire November 20, 2022 incident, and Mr. Victor did

not grab Ms. Alexander by the neck, punch her, or hit R.V.’s head.

Allegations of domestic abuse are always serious and should not be taken

lightly. However, I do not believe that Ms. Alexander’s allegations, without any

support, are sufficient to meet her burden of proving that she is entitled to a

protective order. Rather, I think the issues between the parties should be litigated

in a domestic proceeding pertaining to custody and visitation.

The parties are the parents of a young child, and there is often animosity

between parents when custody exchanges occur. It is clear that Mr. Victor wants

to be in his son’s life and to spend more time with him. Ms. Alexander testified

that after the November 20, 2022 incident, Mr. Victor sent her a text message later

that night saying that it was not okay to keep their son away from either parent.

While a protective order is a valuable tool to prevent domestic abuse, I do not

23-CA-173 17

believe it should be used as a tool to obtain leverage in child custody proceedings

or to retaliate against each other without sufficient proof.

In Culp v. Culp, 42,239 (La. App. 2 Cir. 6/20/07), 960 So. 2d 1279, 1283,

writ not considered, 07-1836 (La. 10/5/07), 964 So. 2d 378, the Second Circuit

stated:

We are mindful that the courts could quickly be
overwhelmed if every unpleasant child custody exchange
or contentious relationship between former spouses
warranted a TRO or protective order….La. R.S. 46:2131 emphasizes
that the purpose of the statute is to equalize
the treatment of crimes between family members and
those between strangers. It further emphasizes the need
to protect victims from violent behavior. Those purposes
reflect that the [Domestic Abuse Assistance Law] has a
limited reach.

Based on the record before us, I do not believe Ms. Alexander presented

sufficient evidence to prove her allegations of abuse, or that she was in immediate

danger of abuse, by a preponderance of the evidence. Accordingly, I believe the

trial court abused its discretion by issuing a protective order against Mr. Victor.

For these reasons, I would reverse and vacate the protective order issued in this

matter, not only as to R.V. but also as to Ms. Alexander.

23-CA-173 18

SUSAN M. CHEHARDY CURTIS B. PURSELL

CHIEF JUDGE CLERK OF COURT

SUSAN S. BUCHHOLZ
FREDERICKA H. WICKER
CHIEF DEPUTY CLERK
JUDE G. GRAVOIS
MARC E. JOHNSON
ROBERT A. CHAISSON LINDA M. WISEMAN
STEPHEN J. WINDHORST
FIRST DEPUTY CLERK
JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR.
SCOTT U. SCHLEGEL FIFTH CIRCUIT
MELISSA C. LEDET
JUDGES 101 DERBIGNY STREET (70053)
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL STAFF
POST OFFICE BOX 489
GRETNA, LOUISIANA 70054 (504) 376-1400

(504) 376-1498 FAX
www.fifthcircuit.org

NOTICE OF JUDGMENT AND CERTIFICATE OF DELIVERY
I CERTIFY THAT A COPY OF THE OPINION IN THE BELOW-NUMBERED MATTER HAS BEEN DELIVERED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH UNIFORM RULES - COURT OF APPEAL, RULE 2-16.4 AND 2-16.5 THIS DAY
OCTOBER 31, 2023 TO THE TRIAL JUDGE, CLERK OF COURT, COUNSEL OF RECORD AND ALL PARTIES
NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL, AS LISTED BELOW:

23-CA-173
E-NOTIFIED
29TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT (CLERK)
HONORABLE M. LAUREN LEMMON (DISTRICT JUDGE)
ORRIN A. MARINO (APPELLANT)

MAILED
LEAH ANGELIQUE ALEXANDER
(APPELLEE)
105 NANA GIN COURT
MONTZ, LA 70068