Robert Arcuri Versus Walter Stevens, Jr and Eliana Defrancesch, in Her Capacity as Clerk of Court

ROBERT ARCURI NO. 23-CA-420

VERSUS FIFTH CIRCUIT

WALTER STEVENS, JR AND ELIANA COURT OF APPEAL
DEFRANCESCH, IN HER CAPACITY AS
CLERK OF COURT STATE OF LOUISIANA

ON APPEAL FROM THE FORTIETH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, STATE OF LOUISIANA
NO. 80,315, DIVISION "C"
HONORABLE J. STERLING SNOWDY, JUDGE PRESIDING

August 29, 2023
8:54 am

JUDE G. GRAVOIS
JUDGE

Panel composed of Judges Susan M. Chehardy,
Fredericka Homberg Wicker, Jude G. Gravois, Robert A. Chaisson, and Stephen J.
Windhorst

JUDGMENT REVERSED; CANDIDATE DISQUALIFIED
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SMC
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COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT,
ROBERT ARCURI
Ike Spears
Devin C. Jones

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE,
WALTER STEVENS JR.
Robert T. Garrity, Jr.
Pierre W. Mouledoux

GRAVOIS, J.

In this candidate challenge case, plaintiff Robert Arcuri appeals the trial

court’s judgment which dismissed with prejudice his petition objecting to the

candidacy of defendant, Walter Stevens, Jr., for the office of St. John the Baptist

Parish Council, District 5, in the October 14, 2023 primary election. For the

reasons that follow, we reverse the trial court’s judgment, finding that plaintiff

made a prima facie case that defendant failed to file his state income tax return for

the year 2021, and that defendant failed to rebut plaintiff’s case with competent

evidence that he was not required to file a state tax return for that year. We hold

that Mr. Stevens is disqualified as a candidate for the office of St. John the Baptist

Parish Council, District 5, in the October 14, 2023 primary election.

BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On August 10, 2023, Mr. Stevens filed a Notice of Candidacy seeking to

qualify for the office of St. John the Baptist Parish Council, District 5, in the

October 14, 2023 primary election. On or about August 15, 2023, Mr. Arcuri

propounded a public records request to the Louisiana Department of Revenue

(“LDR”), seeking to obtain Mr. Stevens’ state income tax filing records for the

years 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022. LDR responded on August 15, 2023,

reporting that it had no record of Mr. Stevens having filed a state income tax return

for the years 2021 or 2022.

On August 17, 2023, Mr. Arcuri filed a timely Objection to Candidacy and

Petition to Disqualify Candidate, alleging that Mr. Stevens had falsely certified on

his Notice of Candidacy that he had either filed his state and federal income tax

returns for the past five years or was not required to file either a state or federal

23-CA-420 1

income tax return, or both. See La. R.S. 18:492(A). Mr. Stevens was served with

the petition, and the matter was set for trial on August 21, 2023.1

At trial, plaintiff presented the testimony of a representative of LDR, as well

as his own testimony and the testimony of Mr. Stevens. Mr. Stevens also

presented his own testimony. After considering the testimony as well as

documentary evidence duly admitted, the trial court ruled from the bench that Mr.

Stevens had successfully rebutted the prima facie case presented by plaintiff that

Mr. Stevens should be disqualified from candidacy. Accordingly, the trial court

dismissed with prejudice the petition objecting to Mr. Stevens’ candidacy for

District 5 of the St. John the Baptist Parish Council. A written judgment to this

effect was signed on August 22, 2023. This timely appeal followed.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

The party objecting to the candidacy bears the burden of proof by a

preponderance of the evidence that the candidate is not qualified. Trosclair v.

Joseph, 14-675 (La. App. 5 Cir. 9/9/14), 150 So.3d 315, 317; Russell v. Goldsby,

00-2595 (La. 9/22/00), 780 So.2d 1048, 1051. Once the party bearing the burden

of proof has established a prima facie case, the burden then shifts to the opposing

party to present sufficient evidence to overcome the other party’s prima facie case.

Lumar v. Lawson, 20-251 (La. App. 5 Cir. 8/10/20), 301 So.3d 1243, 1249, writ

denied, 20-994 (La. 8/13/20), 300 So.3d 868; Landiak v. Richmond, 05-0758 (La.

3/24/05), 899 So.2d 535, 542. Any doubt as to the qualifications of a candidate to

run for public office should be resolved in favor of permitting the candidate to run

for public office. Id. at 541.

1
Eliana Defrancesch in her capacity as Clerk of Court for the Parish of St. John the
Baptist, duly charged with qualifying candidates for local elections, was also made a defendant
as a necessary party.

23-CA-420 2

A trial court’s findings of fact are reviewed under the manifest error or

clearly wrong standard. Smith v. Charbonnet, 17-0634 (La. App. 4 Cir. 8/2/17),

224 So.3d 1055, writ denied, 17-1364 (La. 8/7/17), 222 So.3d 722, citing Nixon v.

Hughes, 15-1036 (La. App. 4 Cir. 9/29/15), 176 So.3d 1135, 1137.

Under La. R.S. 18:463(A)(2)(a)(iv), in order to qualify, Mr. Stevens was

required to sign an affidavit verifying the following:

(iv) … that for each of the previous five tax years, he has filed his
federal and state income tax returns, has filed for an extension of time
for filing either his federal or state income tax return or both, or was
not required to file either a federal or state income tax return or both.2

La. R.S. 18:492(A)(7) provides that an action objecting to the candidacy of a

person who qualified as a candidate in the primary election may be based on:

(7) The defendant falsely certified on his notice of candidacy that for
each of the previous five tax years he has filed his federal and state
income tax returns, has filed for an extension of time for filing either
of his federal or state income tax returns or both as provided in R.S.
18:463(A)(2), or was not required to file either a federal or state
income tax return or both.
On appeal, plaintiff argues that the trial court erred in finding that Mr.

Stevens successfully rebutted the prima facie case established by plaintiff’s

evidence that defendant had falsely certified, on his notice of candidacy form, that

he was not required to file a state income tax return for 2021. He argues that: (i)

Mr. Stevens admitted that he did not file any federal or state tax return for the

calendar years 2021 and 2022; (ii) Mr. Stevens admitted that he received income in

excess of $55,000 for each of these years, with the income coming from multiple

sources, some of which are taxable under federal law or state law, and some of

which are not taxable; (iii) Mr. Stevens’ testimony concerning his Louisiana

National Guard retirement income (which plaintiff argues is taxable under both

federal and state law) is internally contradictory; and (iv) Mr. Stevens’ social

2
Mr. Stevens asserts correctly in brief that La. R.S. 47:103(D)(2) provides for an
automatic extension for filing 2022 state income tax returns through November 15, 2023, and
thus the filing of a 2022 state tax return by Mr. Stevens is not an issue in this appeal.

23-CA-420 3

security benefits income is taxable under federal law, and, on the face of the

current record, appears to be in an amount sufficient to require him to pay federal

taxes.

At trial, the parties stipulated to Mr. Stevens’ Notice of Candidacy. Plaintiff

called as a witness a representative of LDR, Stacy Greaud, who testified regarding

the LDR’s fulfillment of plaintiff’s public records request. She testified that LDR

found no record of Mr. Stevens having filed state income tax returns for the years

2021 and 2022. LDR’s written response to the public records request was admitted

into evidence.

On cross-examination, Mr. Stevens showed Ms. Greaud several documents

he said he had received from LDR after his candidacy was challenged. He

identified these documents as containing all of the information found on his 2021

and 2022 W-2 forms. Ms. Greaud stated that she did not have any information

relative to whether LDR received any W-2s for Mr. Stevens for 2021 and 2022,

and could not identify Mr. Stevens’ documents because it was not an area that she

dealt with in her job. He asked her, hypothetically, to opine as to whether he

would owe state income taxes on the amounts listed on these documents as

income. She replied that she did not have the exact filing thresholds for those

years, but stated that those thresholds generally “piggy-back” the federal standard

deduction, and that the amounts reported as income on his W-2 exhibits appeared

below the federal standard deduction.

On redirect, Ms. Greaud acknowledged that not all income is reported to

LDR on W-2s. She testified that income from lottery winnings, and some

retirement or self-employed income, are not reported to LDR on W-2s, as well as

income from many other sources.

After review of the record on appeal, we agree with the trial court’s finding

that plaintiff made a prima facie case to disqualify Mr. Stevens. The testimony

23-CA-420 4

established that LDR had no record of income tax returns for Mr. Stevens for 2021

and 2022. Mr. Stevens also admitted that he did not file these returns. The burden

of proof then shifted to Mr. Stevens to establish that he was not required to file

returns for these years because he did not have taxable income or sufficient taxable

income.

Plaintiff called Mr. Stevens as a witness. He confirmed that he had not filed

state or federal income tax returns for the years 2021 or 2022. He explained that

he was retired, and a 100% disabled veteran of the United States Army, and that he

receives income “from the government.” He explained that he received a

combined total of approximately $55,000.00 per year from the Veterans

Administration (“the VA”) and the Army. He explained that he had been told that

military retirement income was not taxable, and that this information was also

found in an IRS publication, IRS-104, that said military disability payments are not

taxable.3 He explained that he would not receive full retirement benefits until he

reached the age of 60, but that he did receive combat related special compensation

pay, which was 70% of what he would eventually receive as full retirement

benefits at age 60. This amount totaled around $25,000.00 per year. The balance

of the $55,000.00 came from the VA. He acknowledged that he received two

checks, one for his disability and one for his service, which came from different

entities. He also testified that he received social security disability.

Mr. Stevens produced a printout from 2004, entitled “Combat-Related

Special Compensation (CRSC), Section 1413a, Title 10, United States Code, As

Amended Revised Program Guidance January 2004,” that stated that the Armed

Forces Tax Council had determined that all CRSC payments are exempt from

3
Mr. Stevens’ copy of IRS-104 was introduced into evidence.

23-CA-420 5

federal income tax. It further stated that “[m]ilitary disability payments are

nontaxable income pursuant to I.R.C. § 104.”

Counsel for plaintiff then questioned Mr. Stevens about his candidate

financial disclosure form, which was admitted into evidence. On that form, Mr.

Stevens listed his income sources as VA pension, military retirement, and social

security. He agreed that retirement income was taxable, but testified that he

received retirement/disability. He testified that he would not have received the

disability income had he not been retired, and he only received 70% of what he

was eligible for because he was not yet 60. Mr. Stevens denied that any of his

income could be classified as “retirement” as per the IRS code.

Mr. Stevens also testified that he received a small amount of income from

the Bayou Ford auto dealership for delivering cars, which income was reported on

the W-2 exhibits from LDR previously admitted into evidence. He did not recall

whether Bayou Ford sent him a W-2 in the mail, but stated that they probably did;

he did not bring those documents to court.

At one point, Mr. Stevens appeared to claim that he received some

retirement income from the Louisiana National Guard, but later in his testimony,

he stated that he would not receive any retirement income from the Louisiana

National Guard until he turned 60.

Mr. Stevens testified that his daughter, a CPA, prepared his tax returns for

him for all of the years in the LDR disclosure. He testified that he had discussed

with her whether he was required to file tax returns in 2021 and 2022, and she told

him that he did not have to file. He stated that he did not ask her to come to court

with him to testify, because he believed that an LDR representative would be

present and able to testify about his taxable income because “they know what I

have on file over there.” He also claimed to have called the IRS for confirmation

of his filing requirements.

23-CA-420 6

After thorough review of the appellate record, we find that Mr. Stevens

failed to rebut plaintiff’s case that he was not qualified to be a candidate for this

office. Mr. Stevens’ documentary evidence did not establish that he had

insufficient taxable income for 2021 and thus did not need to file a 2021 state

income tax return. Mr. Stevens admitted that he had approximately $55,000.00 in

income in 2021 and 2022. While he claimed that his W-2 documents from LDR,

which purportedly set forth his 2021 and 2022 income from Bayou Ford, showed

insufficient taxable income to file state tax returns, these documents were clearly

hearsay evidence, as the LDR witness was unable to identify them. Further, Mr.

Stevens’ testimony was self-serving and was without evidentiary support. His

documentary evidence fell short of showing by a preponderance of the evidence

the amounts and precise legal income tax treatment of his three alleged 2021

sources of income from the VA, the Army, and Social Security. While it appears

that Mr. Stevens’ alleged disability income was possibly not subject to federal

income taxes, the same clarity was not provided relative to state income tax

treatment regarding his alleged income from disability, retirement, and Social

Security. In sum, Mr. Stevens’ testimony and documentary exhibits were vague,

conclusory, and self-serving, and lacked clarity regarding his various 2021 sources

of income and their taxable status. Mr. Stevens could have called his tax preparer,

his daughter, to testify on his behalf, but he chose not do so, instead relying on

LDR’s representative to support his case, but her testimony was clear that she did

not work with W-2s or income tax. Thus, her testimony was not sufficient to

establish that Mr. Stevens’ income for 2021 was below the taxable level.

On appeal, plaintiff argues that a candidate cannot carry his burden of

overcoming a plaintiff’s prima facie case by simply offering testimony

uncorroborated by documentary evidence. Louisiana Circuit Courts of Appeal

have held that testimony, “without documentary evidence, [is] insufficient to rebut

23-CA-420 7

the plaintiff’s prima facie showing that the challenged candidate was not

qualified.” Labat v. Price-Bedi, 19-404 (La. App. 5 Cir. 8/23/19), 279 So.3d 482,

485, writ not considered, 19-01382 (La. 8/28/19), 277 So.3d 1185, quoting Irvin v.

Brown, 17-614 (La. App. 4 Cir. 7/28/17), ––– So.3d ––––, 2017 WL 3205858. Mr.

Stevens’ proof in this case in attempting to overcome plaintiff’s prima facie case

was simply his own self-serving and conclusory testimony that a large majority of

his 2021 income was not subject to state income taxes, and thus he was not

required to file a 2021 state income tax return. But Mr. Stevens’ testimony in this

regard was not supported by sufficient, specific competent documentary evidence

or expert testimony to this effect. As such, we find that a candidate cannot

overcome a plaintiff’s prima facie case by simply testifying that he believed that

income he received during the subject tax year was not subject to state income

taxes—thus not necessitating that he file a state income tax return for the subject

tax year—without specific competent documentary or expert witness support

therefor.

Accordingly, under the circumstances presented in this case, we find that the

trial court was manifestly erroneous and clearly wrong in finding that Mr. Stevens

bore his burden of proving that he was not required to file a state income tax return

for the year 2021. Accordingly, Mr. Stevens is not qualified to be a candidate for

the office of St. John the Baptist Parish Council, District 5, in the October 14, 2023

primary election.4

CONCLUSION AND DECREE

For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s judgment, which dismissed with

prejudice Mr. Arcuri’s election challenge to Mr. Stevens’ candidacy, is hereby

4
Counsel for Mr. Stevens seeks attorney’s fees and costs under La. C.C.P. art. 863,
asserting that Mr. Arcuri’s appeal was frivolous. Appeals are favored and appellate courts are
reluctant to impose damages for frivolous appeals. Thomas v. Robinson, 15-82 (La. App. 5 Cir.
9/23/15), 176 So.3d 698, 703. Additionally, having found merit to Mr. Arcuri’s appeal, we deny
Mr. Stevens’ request for attorney’s fees and costs for a frivolous appeal.

23-CA-420 8

reversed. Mr. Stevens is disqualified as a candidate for the office of St. John the

Baptist Parish Council, District 5, in the October 14, 2023 primary election.

JUDGMENT REVERSED;
CANDIDATE DISQUALIFIED

23-CA-420 9

SUSAN M. CHEHARDY CURTIS B. PURSELL

CHIEF JUDGE CLERK OF COURT

SUSAN S. BUCHHOLZ
FREDERICKA H. WICKER
CHIEF DEPUTY CLERK
JUDE G. GRAVOIS
MARC E. JOHNSON
ROBERT A. CHAISSON LINDA M. WISEMAN
STEPHEN J. WINDHORST
FIRST DEPUTY CLERK
JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR.
SCOTT U. SCHLEGEL FIFTH CIRCUIT
MELISSA C. LEDET
JUDGES 101 DERBIGNY STREET (70053)
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL STAFF
POST OFFICE BOX 489
GRETNA, LOUISIANA 70054 (504) 376-1400

(504) 376-1498 FAX
www.fifthcircuit.org

NOTICE OF JUDGMENT AND CERTIFICATE OF DELIVERY
I CERTIFY THAT A COPY OF THE OPINION IN THE BELOW-NUMBERED MATTER HAS BEEN DELIVERED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH UNIFORM RULES - COURT OF APPEAL, RULE 2-16.4 AND 2-16.5 THIS DAY
AUGUST 29, 2023 TO THE TRIAL JUDGE, CLERK OF COURT, COUNSEL OF RECORD AND ALL PARTIES
NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL, AS LISTED BELOW:

23-CA-420
E-NOTIFIED
40TH DISTRICT COURT (CLERK)
HONORABLE J. STERLING SNOWDY (DISTRICT JUDGE)
IKE SPEARS (APPELLANT) ROBERT T. GARRITY, JR. (APPELLEE)

MAILED
WALTER STEVENS (APPELLEE) PIERRE W. MOULEDOUX (APPELLEE) DEVIN C. JONES (APPELLANT)
56 RIDGEWOOD DRIVE ATTORNEY AT LAW ATTORNEY AT LAW
LAPLACE, LA 70068 615 HICKORY AVENUE 650 POYDRAS STREET
HARAHAN, LA 70123 SUITE 2760
LEANDRE M. MILLET (APPELLEE) NEW ORLEANS, LA 70112
ASSISTANT DISTRICT ATTORNEY
FORTIETH JUDICIAL DISTRIST
PARISH OF ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST
POST OFFICE BOX 399
1342 HIGHWAY 44 RIVER ROAD
RESERVE, LA 70084