23-CA-449 Nonprecedential Affirmed Processed

Charles Picerni Versus Summit Hotel Properties LLC, D/B/A Marriott Residence Inn, and Abc Insurance Company

Louisiana Court of Appeal, Fifth Circuit · Filed May 15, 2024

Authorities cited

Identified automatically; this list may not be exhaustive.

Opinion text

CHARLES PICERNI NO. 23-CA-449

VERSUS FIFTH CIRCUIT

SUMMIT HOTEL PROPERTIES LLC, D/B/A COURT OF APPEAL
MARRIOTT RESIDENCE INN, AND ABC
INSURANCE COMPANY STATE OF LOUISIANA

ON APPEAL FROM THE TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF JEFFERSON, STATE OF LOUISIANA
NO. 781-296, DIVISION "B"
HONORABLE R. CHRISTOPHER COX, III, JUDGE PRESIDING

May 15, 2024

MARC E. JOHNSON
JUDGE

Panel composed of Judges Susan M. Chehardy,
Jude G. Gravois, and Marc E. Johnson

AFFIRMED
MEJ
SMC
JGG

COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT,
CHARLES PICERNI
Vanessa Motta

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE,
RESIDENCE INN BY MARRIOTT, LLC
Christopher P. Lawler
Roger A. Javier

JOHNSON, J.

Plaintiff/Appellant, Charles Picerni, appeals the trial court’s March 21, 2023

summary judgment in favor of Defendant/Appellee, Residence Inn by Marriott,

LLC (hereinafter referred to as “Marriott”), that dismissed his action filed in the

24th Judicial District Court, Division “B”, for alleged damages sustained during a

fall on Marriott’s property. For the following reasons, we affirm the trial court’s

summary judgment.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

The relevant facts pertaining to this appeal are as follows:

On March 5, 2018, Mr. Picerni filed a petition for damages against Marriott

and its insurer. In his petition, Mr. Picerni asserted that on March 9, 2017, he

visited a friend at the Marriott location at Three Galleria Boulevard in Metairie,

Louisiana. Mr. Picerni claimed that, while he was waiting for his friend to arrive,

he went to sit on a chair1 located in the patio area, and the bottom cushion of the

chair slid out as he sat down, causing him to fall forward. He alleged that Marriott

was liable to him under La. C.C. arts. 2315, 2317.1 and 2322, and, consequently,

he sought damages for the alleged injuries he sustained during that fall. In

opposition, Marriott filed an answer, denying Mr. Picerni’s allegations.

Mr. Picerni filed a motion for partial summary on February 23, 2022,

wherein he sought summary judgment in his favor on the issue of medical

causation. He contended the uncontroverted evidence showed that the injuries he

sustained and the corresponding treatments he underwent were related to the

March 9th accident. Marriott opposed the motion and argued that Mr. Picerni’s

1
In Mr. Picerni’s deposition, he described the piece of furniture as a “couch kind of sectional.”
However, both parties refer to the piece of furniture as a “chair” in their briefs. For continuity, the
opinion will refer to the piece of furniture as a “chair.”

23-CA-449 1

exhibits2 were inadmissible and deficient. It further argued that Mr. Picerni’s

motion was premature because discovery was incomplete at the time the motion

was filed.

On February 25, 2022, Marriott filed its own motion for summary judgment,

asserting Mr. Picerni could not state any set of facts to show the chair had a defect

that presented an unreasonable risk of harm or that it knew or should have known

of the alleged unreasonable risk of harm. It argued that an inspection of the chair

after the accident revealed the chair was not structurally defective, broken, or

damaged before, during, or after the alleged accident; and there was no visible

defect or damage to the chair. Marriott sought dismissal of Mr. Picerni’s action

with prejudice. In response, Mr. Picerni argued that Marriott’s former employee,

Jody Burton, admitted in a video recorded the day of the accident that the chair-at-

issue collapsed frequently, thereby giving Marriott sufficient notice, knowledge,

and liability of the defective chair. He also disputed the admissibility of Marriott’s

exhibits.3 In a reply memorandum, Marriott objected to the admission of the video

of Mr. Burton, arguing that Mr. Picerni failed to show Mr. Burton was unavailable;

no affidavit or deposition to authenticate the video had been presented; and, Mr.

Burton’s statements in the video were mischaracterized.

Mr. Picerni’s and Marriott’s summary judgment motions were heard before

the trial court on March 8, 2023. At the conclusion of the hearings, the trial court

2
Mr. Picerni attached the affidavits of Dr. Eric Lonseth, an expert in the field of pain
management, and Dr. Michelle LeBlanc, an expert in the field of chiropractic care, to his motion for
partial summary judgment. Marriott contested the affidavits on the basis that they were not executed in
the presence of a notary.
3
Among the exhibits attached to Marriott’s motion for summary judgment were Mr. Picerni’s
deposition; Mr. Picerni’s responses to interrogatories and requests for production; an affidavit of Erik
Johnson, an expert in the field of engineering; an affidavit of Martha Bullock, the Manager of the
Residence Inn where the alleged incident occurred; and, an affidavit of Chris A. Van Ee, an expert in the
field of biomechanical engineering. Mr. Johnson’s affidavit attested that the subject chair was not
structurally defective, broken, and/or damaged before, during, or after the alleged accident. Ms.
Bullock’s affidavit attested that the subject chair had never been defective, damaged, or broken, and no
other incidents concerning the chair had been reported. Mr. Picerni contested that the affidavits of Ms.
Bullock and Mr. Johnson and argued they were inadmissible because the statements were unreliable and
were not based upon personal knowledge. Mr. Picerni further argued that Ms. Bullock was not identified
as a witness during discovery.

23-CA-449 2

allowed the admission of the affidavits of Martha Bullock and Erik Johnson, which

were attached to Marriott’s motion for summary judgment. It orally found that Ms.

Bullock’s affidavit was not vague and her reliability was not placed into question

by any evidence introduced. As for Mr. Johnson’s affidavit, the court found that

experts are allowed to formulate opinions through facts or data, and those facts do

not need to be admissible. The trial court excluded Mr. Picerni’s cell phone video

recording of Jody Burton from evidence for summary judgment purposes. The

court reasoned that the video was not properly authenticated by an affidavit or

deposition testimony. It also excluded Mr. Picerni’s supplemental memorandum in

opposition to Marriott’s motion for summary judgment on the basis that the

memorandum was untimely filed.4

After considering the exhibits deemed as admissible evidence,5 the trial court

orally found that Mr. Picerni did not produce factual support sufficient to establish

the existence of a genuine issue of material fact, and there was no evidence

indicating that Mr. Picerni could meet his burden of proving the chair was

defective or that Marriott knew or should have known of any alleged defect. The

court orally reasoned that Mr. Burton’s written statement and Mr. Picerni’s

testimony regarding the chair simply did not create an issue over which reasonable

persons could disagree. The court granted Marriott’s motion for summary

judgment and subsequently denied Mr. Picerni’s motion for partial summary

judgment as moot. Those rulings were subsequently rendered in a written

judgment issued on March 21, 2023. The written judgment dismissed Mr.

Picerni’s petition for damages with prejudice.

Mr. Picerni filed a motion for rehearing and/or new trial on March 27, 2023.

4
Mr. Picerni’s supplemental memorandum had Ms. Bullock’s deposition attached to it.
5
According to the recitation of evidence orally mentioned by the trial court, Ms. Bullock’s
affidavit, Mr. Johnson’s affidavit, Mr. Picerni’s deposition, and Marriott’s discovery responses containing
a written statement from Mr. Burton were considered. Mr. Burton wrote that he spoke with Mr. Picerni
and explained that, in order for the seat to fall, the section of the cushion had to be misplaced or moved.

23-CA-449 3

He asserted that his action was erroneously dismissed in its entirety because the

trial court’s judgment was directed solely to his claims under La. C.C. arts. 2317

and 2317.1. He also asserted that the trial court improperly excluded Mr. Burton’s

videotaped admission that Marriott knew of the chair’s defects, in addition to

Marriott’s negligent inspection of the chairs. The hearing on Mr. Picerni’s motion

was held on June 20, 2023. The trial court denied Mr. Picerni’s motion for

rehearing and/or new trial in a written judgment rendered on July 7, 2023. The

instant appeal followed.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

On appeal, Mr. Picerni alleges the trial court legally erred by granting

Marriott’s motion for summary judgment because it: 1) failed to consider the

admission of Marriott’s employee, Jody Burton, that Marriott had actual

knowledge of the chair’s prior problems; 2) failed to find that Jody Burton’s

statement was an exception to the hearsay rule; 3) and erroneously considered the

affidavits of Martha Bullock and Erik Johnson.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

Jody Burton’s Statement6

Mr. Picerni alleges the trial court legally erred by excluding his videotaped

recording of Jody Burton’s statement as evidence for summary judgment purposes.

He argues that Mr. Burton, an employee of Marriott, admitted in the video that

Marriott was aware of the chair’s defects, which caused his fall and injuries. He

contends that Mr. Burton’s statement is not hearsay, pursuant to La. C.E. art. 801

(D)(2) and (D)(3)(d), because it is an admission of a breach of a duty made by a

representative of Marriott. He further contends that Mr. Burton’s statement

expressing there were problems with the chair squarely contradicts Ms. Bullock’s

6
Mr. Picerni’s assignments of error concerning Mr. Burton’s statement are interrelated and will
be discussed together.

23-CA-449 4

assertion that the chair was never defective, broken, or damaged. Mr. Picerni avers

that Mr. Burton’s statement presented a genuine issue of material fact that Marriott

knew or should have known about the defect or vice in the chair, precluding

summary judgment.

In response, Marriott avers the trial court properly excluded the videotaped

recording of Mr. Burton’s statement because Mr. Picerni never authenticated the

video with an affidavit or deposition of someone who had personal knowledge of

the alleged incident. It further avers the video does not fall within the enumerated

category of admissible evidence under La. C.C.P. art. 966(A)(4).

The summary judgment procedure is designed to secure the just, speedy, and

inexpensive determination of every action and is favored. La. C.C.P. art.

966(A)(2). Appellate courts review summary judgments de novo under the same

criteria that govern the trial court’s consideration of whether summary judgment is

appropriate. Jefferson Par. Sch. Bd. v. TimBrian, LLC, 21-67 (La. App. 5 Cir.

10/20/21), 362 So.3d 691, 693, writ denied, 21-1725 (La. 1/12/22), 330 So.3d 629,

citing Stogner v. Ochsner Clinic Foundation, 18-96 (La. App. 5 Cir. 9/19/18), 254

So.3d 1254, 1257. Summary judgment shall be granted “if the motion,

memorandum, and supporting documents shows that there is no genuine issue as to

material fact and that the mover is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Id. at

694, quoting La. C.C.P. art. 966(A)(3).

A material fact is one that potentially insures or prevents recovery, affects a

litigant’s ultimate success, or determines the outcome of the lawsuit. Populis v.

State Department of Transportation and Development, 16-655 (La. App. 5 Cir.

5/31/17), 222 So.3d 975, 980, writ denied, 17-1106 (La. 10/16/17), 228 So.3d 753,

quoting Pouncy v. Winn-Dixie La., Inc., 15-189 (La. App. 5 Cir. 10/28/15), 178

So.3d 603, 605. An issue is genuine if it is such that reasonable persons could

disagree. If only one conclusion could be reached by reasonable persons, summary

23-CA-449 5

judgment is appropriate as there is no need for trial on that issue. Id. Whether a

particular fact in dispute is material for purposes of summary judgment can only be

determined in light of the substantive law applicable to the case. Stogner, 254

So.3d at 1257, citing Jackson v. City of New Orleans, 12-2742 (La. 1/28/14), 144

So.3d 876, 882, cert. denied, 574 U.S 869, 135 S.Ct. 197, 190 L.Ed.2d 130 (2014).

The party moving for summary judgment bears the burden of proof.

Stogner, supra, citing La. C.C.P. art. 966(D)(1). However, if the mover will not

bear the burden of proof at trial, the moving party must only point out that there is

an absence of factual support for one or more elements essential to the adverse

party’s claims. Id. Thereafter, the burden shifts to the adverse party to produce

factual support sufficient to establish that he will be able to satisfy his evidentiary

burden of proof at trial. Id. If the adverse party fails to meet this burden, there is

no genuine issue of material fact, and the mover is entitled to summary judgment

as a matter of law. Id. Once the motion for summary judgment has been properly

supported by the moving party, the failure of the adverse party to produce evidence

of a material factual dispute mandates the granting of the motion. Id., citing Babin

v. Winn Dixie La., Inc., 00-78 (La. 6/30/00), 764 So.2d 37, 40. The decision as to

the propriety to grant a motion for summary judgment must be made with

reference to the substantive law applicable to the case. Vincent v. Nat’l Gen. Ins.

Co., 21-227 (La. App. 5 Cir. 10/13/21), 330 So.3d 378, 381.

In the lower court, Marriott asserted that Mr. Picerni could not set forth any

facts to show the chair had a defect that presented an unreasonable risk of harm, or

that Marriott knew or should have known of the alleged unreasonable risk of

harm.7 In order to determine whether summary judgment was properly granted in

7
In a premises liability claim, the plaintiff must prove that the thing was in the defendant’s
custody, that the thing contained a defect which presented an unreasonable risk of harm to others, that this
defective condition caused the damage, and that the defendant knew or should have known of the defect.
Mental v. Margavio, 21-739 (La. App. 5 Cir. 11/16/22), 353 So.3d 312, 317.

23-CA-449 6

this matter, we must first determine whether any admissible evidence created a

genuine issue of material fact. The trial court excluded Mr. Picerni’s video from

evidence on the basis that there was no accompanying deposition or affidavit to

authenticate the video.

According to La. C.C.P. art. 966(A)(4), “[t]he only documents that may be

filed or referenced in support of or in opposition to the motion are pleadings,

memoranda, affidavits, depositions, answers to interrogatories, certified medical

records, certified copies of public documents or public records, certified copies of

insurance policies, authentic acts, private acts duly acknowledged, promissory

notes and assignments thereof, written stipulations, and admissions.” The court

may consider only those documents filed in support of or in opposition to the

motion for summary judgment and shall consider any documents to which no

objection is made.8 Id. Documents not included in the exclusive list provided in

La. C.C.P. art. 966(A)(4) are not permitted, unless they are properly authenticated

by an affidavit or the deposition to which they are attached. Dye v. LLOG

Exploration Company, LLC, 20-441 (La. App. 5 Cir. 11/3/21), 330 So.3d 1222,

1225. The trial court is given vast discretion in its evidentiary rulings, and its

decision to admit or exclude evidence will not be reversed on appeal in the absence

of an abuse of that discretion. Larios v. Martinez, 17-514 (La. App. 5 Cir.

2/21/18), 239 So.3d 1041, 1045.

In this matter, Marriott objected to the admission of Mr. Burton’s videotaped

statement, which was attached to Mr. Picerni’s opposition memorandum. As noted

8
This was the version of the Article in effect at the time the motions for summary judgment
hearing were heard. The Article was amended by Act 2023, No. 317 § 1, effective August 1, 2023, and
now states:
The court shall consider only those documents filed or referenced in support of or in
opposition to the motion for summary judgment but shall not consider any document that
is excluded pursuant to a timely filed objection. Any objection to a document shall be
raised in a timely filed opposition or reply memorandum. The court shall consider all
objections prior to rendering judgment. The court shall specifically state on the record or
in writing whether the court sustains or overrules the objections raised.

23-CA-449 7

by Marriott, there was no affidavit or deposition testimony presented by Mr.

Picerni that properly authenticated the video. Consequently, because the video is

not included in La. C.C.P. art. 966(A)(4)’s exclusive list of admissible evidence

and was not authenticated, we find that the trial court properly excluded Mr.

Burton’s videotaped statement.

Separate from the admission of the videotape, Mr. Picerni argues that his

deposition testimony describing his conversation with Mr. Burton is admissible;

thus, his recounted statement of Mr. Burton that Marriott “had issues with it

before” is also admissible. Mr. Picerni avers that Mr. Burton’s statement is not

hearsay, pursuant to La. C.E. art. 801 (D)(2) and (D)(3)(d), because it is an

admission of a breach of a duty made by a representative of Marriott.

Marriott avers that any alleged statement made by Mr. Burton is

inadmissible because it does not constitute an admission against interest, and it is

mischaracterized by Mr. Picerni.9

“Hearsay” is defined as “a statement, other than one made by the declarant

while testifying at the present trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth

of the matter asserted.” Larios, 239 So.3d at 1045, citing La. C.E. 801(C). A

“statement” is defined, in pertinent part, as “[a]n oral or written assertion.” Id.,

citing La. C.E. art. 801(A)(1). La. C.E. art. 801(D)(2) states that a statement is not

hearsay if the statement is offered against a party and is: (a) his own statement, in

either his individual or a representative capacity; (b) a statement of which he has

manifested his adoption or belief in its truth; or (c) a statement by a person

authorized by him to make a statement concerning the subject. La. C.E. art.

801(D)(3)(d) provides that a statement is not hearsay if the statement is offered

9
Marriott also avers Mr. Picerni made no showing that Mr. Burton is unavailable. The trial court
did not address Mr. Burton’s availability in its oral reasons and did not exclude Mr. Burton’s alleged
statement on that basis. Therefore, we will not address whether Mr. Picerni made a showing that Mr.
Burton is unavailable.

23-CA-449 8

against a party in a civil case when

a statement is made by a declarant when a right, title, or interest in any
property or claim asserted by the party against whom it is offered
requires a determination that a right, title, or interest exists or existed
in the declarant during the time that the party now claims the declarant
was the holder of the right, title, or interest, and when the statement
would be admissible if offered against the declarant as a party in an
action involving that right, title, or interest[.]

In his deposition, Mr. Picerni testified to the following discussion with Mr.

Burton,

or -- he was talking about, you know, either -- I don’t know if it’s -- I
can’t say that it happened before, but he knew that it was something --
he said that it was something to the effect of that it should have been
checked or, you know, they’ve had issues with it before, from his
words.

When responding to whether he noticed any visual signs that the chair was not in

the correct position, Mr. Picerni later stated,

No, I didn’t. I didn’t. That’s why I think the employee had
said that they should -- he said these things -- and I can’t remember
were being -- when he said in the video where he said these things
should be checked more often because evidently it happened or it had
a propensity to happen.

Mr. Picerni argues that the above-cited excerpts are the statements of

admission that show Marriott knew or should have known of the alleged

unreasonable risk of harm regarding the use of the chair; ultimately, creating a

genuine issue of material fact. We disagree. While Mr. Burton was an employee

of Marriott at that time, Mr. Picerni’s narrative of Mr. Burton’s alleged statement

does not provide a clear admission that Marriott knew of a defect in the chair.

Accordingly, we find that the trial court properly excluded Mr. Burton’s alleged

statement to Mr. Picerni for summary judgment purposes.

Marriott’s Affidavits

Mr. Picerni alleges the trial court erroneously considered the affidavits of

Martha Bullock and Erik Johnson. He argues that neither affidavit contained

personal knowledge of the chair-at-issue. Specifically, he contends that Ms.

23-CA-449 9

Bullock’s affidavit contained no personal knowledge that the employees routinely

checked the chairs at the hotel for defects and damage, and the affidavit was

devoid of any personal knowledge of which chair caused his fall. He also contends

that Ms. Bullock was never identified as a witness prior to the submission of her

affidavit. In reference to Mr. Johnson’s affidavit, Mr. Picerni argues the affidavit

lacked personal knowledge because it relied upon information provided by Ms.

Bullock, particularly stating that no repairs or changes had been made to the

subject chair before or after the accident. He maintains that there is no possible

way Mr. Johnson could testify with any degree of certainty that the chair inspected

was the chair that caused his fall.

Marriott avers that Mr. Picerni’s objections to the affidavits of Ms. Bullock

and Mr. Johnson are meritless. It maintains Ms. Bullock attested that the subject

chair had been preserved, and a plain reading of Ms. Bullock’s affidavit reflects

that the chair to which she was referring was the subject chair. It further maintains

that Mr. Johnson specifically attested that he observed, inspected, and performed

tests on the chair that is the subject of this lawsuit. Marriott contends that Mr.

Picerni’s assertions—the chair was not routinely inspected or was not preserved—

have no basis in light of the admissible evidence in this matter. Additionally,

Marriott argues that Ms. Bullock was disclosed as a potential witness prior to the

close of discovery, and Mr. Picerni could have deposed her before the discovery

deadline but chose not to do so.

La. C.C.P. art. 1428(1) imposes a continuing affirmative duty on a party to

timely supplement discovery responses related to witnesses and experts. Guidry v.

Savoie, 15-809 (La. App. 5 Cir. 5/26/16), 194 So.3d 1184, 1193, writ denied, 16-

1218 (La. 10/17/16), 207 So.3d 1064, citing Chapman v. Reg’l Transit

Auth./TSMEL, 95-2620 (La. App. 4 Cir. 10/02/96), 681 So.2d 1301, 1305. When a

party discovers a new witness with knowledge of discoverable matters, he is

23-CA-449 10

required to make this information known to the adverse party. Id. This rule is

based on the fact that all parties to the litigation need to know both the identity of

the witnesses and the extent of their knowledge. Id. A party’s failure to uphold

this duty to timely supplement discovery responses may result in sanctions, such as

excluding the testimony from a witness not properly disclosed to the adverse party.

Id. In deciding whether to impose such a sanction, the trial court, as in all matters

of pre-trial discovery, is afforded vast discretion, and its rulings will not be

overturned, absent a clear abuse of that discretion. Id.

In this matter, Marriott attached Ms. Bullock’s affidavit to its motion for

summary judgment, which was filed on February 25, 2022. The discovery

deadline was set for March 3, 2022. Marriott did not identify Ms. Bullock as a

witness in their answers to interrogatories. After hearing Mr. Picerni’s arguments

as to why Ms. Bullock’s affidavit should not be allowed to testify, the trial court

chose not to sanction Marriott and exclude the affidavit. The court inherently

found Marriott’s notice of Ms. Bullock as a witness to be timely and/or that

Marriott should not have been subject to sanctions. After reviewing the record, we

cannot find that the trial court clearly abused its discretion on that evidentiary

ruling.

Ms. Bullock’s affidavit stated that she observed and inspected the chair in

which Mr. Picerni alleged that he fell, and the chair was not and had never been

defective, damaged, or broken. Mr. Johnson’s affidavit similarly stated that he

inspected and performed tests on the subject chair. Contrary to Mr. Picerni’s

assertions, the attestations by Ms. Bullock and Mr. Johnson denote some personal

knowledge of the chair-at-issue. Outside of argument, Mr. Picerni did not present

any admissible evidence to contradict the attestations of personal knowledge by

Ms. Bullock or Mr. Johnson. On the showing made, we cannot find that the trial

court erred in admitting the affidavits of Ms. Bullock and Mr. Johnson into

23-CA-449 11

evidence for summary judgment purposes.

DECREE

Upon de novo review of the admissible evidence and applicable law, we find

that there is no remaining genuine issue of material fact on whether the chair was

defective or whether Marriott knew or should have known of any alleged defect in

the chair. Marriott presented evidence that the subject chair was not defective,

while Mr. Picerni failed to present any admissible evidence sufficient to create a

genuine issue of material fact. We further find that Marriott is entitled to summary

judgment as a matter of law. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s summary

judgment in favor of Marriott and dismissal of Mr. Picerni’s action.

AFFIRMED

23-CA-449 12

SUSAN M. CHEHARDY CURTIS B. PURSELL

CHIEF JUDGE CLERK OF COURT

SUSAN S. BUCHHOLZ
FREDERICKA H. WICKER
CHIEF DEPUTY CLERK
JUDE G. GRAVOIS
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STEPHEN J. WINDHORST LINDA M. WISEMAN
JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR.
FIRST DEPUTY CLERK
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TIMOTHY S. MARCEL FIFTH CIRCUIT
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23-CA-449
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