State of Louisiana Versus Abraham Aguilar

STATE OF LOUISIANA NO. 23-KA-34

VERSUS FIFTH CIRCUIT

ABRAHAM AGUILAR COURT OF APPEAL

STATE OF LOUISIANA

ON APPEAL FROM THE TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF JEFFERSON, STATE OF LOUISIANA
NO. 20-5824, DIVISION "K"
HONORABLE ELLEN SHIRER KOVACH, JUDGE PRESIDING

November 15, 2023

JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR.
JUDGE

Panel composed of Judges Robert A. Chaisson,
John J. Molaison, Jr., and Scott U. Schlegel

CONVICTION AND SENTENCE AFFIRMED
JJM
RAC
SUS

COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE,
STATE OF LOUISIANA
Honorable Paul D. Connick, Jr.
Thomas J. Butler
Anne M. Wallis
Christina Fisher
Molly Love
John Ransone IV

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT,
ABRAHAM AGUILAR
Lieu T. Vo Clark

MOLAISON, J.

In this criminal appeal, the defendant seeks review of his conviction for

sexual battery of a victim under the age of 13. For the reasons that follow, the

defendant’s sentence and conviction are affirmed.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

The record in this matter indicates that on August 17, 2020, 11-year-old G.P.

disclosed to her mother, M.P., that the defendant, Abraham Aguilar, her

grandmother’s live-in boyfriend, had sexually abused G.P. on multiple occasions.

G.P. disclosed to investigating officers that on August 14, 2020, the defendant

walked up behind her while she was in the kitchen of their Jefferson Parish

apartment, touched her breasts over her shirt and inserted his finger into her

vagina. She described another incident in January of 2020, when the defendant had

rubbed her breasts over her clothing while she was standing at the top of the

apartment stairwell. G.P. said that he had grabbed her breasts and digitally

penetrated her vagina on multiple occasions.1 In another incident that happened

when G.P. was eight years old, the defendant unsuccessfully attempted to put his

“private part” into G.P.’s vagina.

Based on the information provided, the defendant was taken into custody by

the Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s Office (“JPSO”) pursuant to an arrest warrant. It was

discovered that the defendant also used an alias, Cristobal Santiago Aguilar

Lucero.2 After being advised of, and waiving his rights, the defendant gave an

interview with JPSO detectives. Initially, the defendant denied that any physical

contact of that type took place between himself and G.P. But then he recounted one

incident when G.P. was 11 years old. He stated that he went downstairs in the

1
The record shows that the majority of these incidents were alleged to have occurred in a New
Orleans residence, and therefore were not charged in the instant bill of information.
2
The JPSO Crime Report, which was entered into evidence, indicates the defendant admitted to
an arrest for burglary of an inhabited dwelling under this name.

23-KA-34 1

family’s apartment to go outside and smoke when he saw G.P. alone in the kitchen.

He stated that he walked up behind her with the intention of “hugging her.” The

defendant then claimed that when he did so, G.P. became “ticklish” and moved in

such a manner that one of his hands touched her breasts. The defendant also stated

that there was a “probability” that in the same incident that his hands went into

G.P.’s pants and that he touched her vagina. The defendant was asked by

detectives how many other similar incidents with G.P. occurred over the 12 years

he lived with her family, which could have been deemed inappropriate, to which he

replied “a couple” of times and several times.

The defendant was charged in a bill of information filed on October 27,

2020, by the Jefferson Parish District Attorney’s Office with one count of

misdemeanor sexual battery of a known juvenile which took place between

January 1, 2020, and August 18, 2020, in violation of La. R.S. 14:43.1.1.3 After

initially pleading not guilty, the defendant proceeded to a judge trial on June 15,

2022, and he was found guilty as charged. On June 30, 2022, the defendant’s

motion for a new trial was denied, and he was then sentenced to six months in

parish prison with credit for time served to run concurrently with any other

sentence he was serving. This timely appeal follows.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

The defendant’s sole assignment of error is that the evidence presented is

insufficient to convict him under La. R.S. 14:43.1.1. Specifically, the defendant

contends that the State failed to prove that he touched G.P.’s breasts or buttocks as

an element of the offense.

3
The defendant was charged in a bill of information filed on October 27, 2020, by the Jefferson
Parish District Attorney’s Office with one count of the sexual battery of a known juvenile that occurred
between January 1, 2020, and August 18, 2020, in violation of La. R.S. 14:43.1. After initially pleading
not guilty, the defendant proceeded to a jury trial on June 15, 2022, and he was found guilty as charged in
a unanimous verdict. His sentence and conviction were affirmed in companion case, 23-KA-33. The
defendant did not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence in that appeal.

23-KA-34 2

LAW AND ANALYSIS

No motion for PVJA filed

The question of sufficiency of evidence is properly raised in the trial court

by a motion for post-verdict judgment of acquittal (“PVJA”) under La. C.Cr.P. art.

821. State v. Bazley, 09-358 (La. App. 5 Cir. 1/11/11), 60 So.3d 7, 18, writ denied,

11-282 (La. 6/17/11), 63 So.3d 1039. Here, the record does not indicate that the

defendant filed such a motion. This Court has previously held, however, that the

failure to file a PVJA does not preclude appellate review of the sufficiency of the

evidence. State v. Thomas, 08-813 (La. App. 5 Cir. 4/28/09), 13 So.3d 603, 606,

writ denied, 09-1294 (La. 4/5/10), 31 So.3d 361 (citing State v. Washington, 421

So.2d 887, 889 (La. 1982)). Accordingly, we will consider the merits of the

defendant’s assignment of error.

Standard of review

The constitutional standard for sufficiency of the evidence is whether, upon

viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier

of fact could find that the State proved all of the essential elements of the crime

beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61

L.Ed.2d 560 (1979); State v. Chinchilla, 20-60 (La. App. 5 Cir. 12/23/20), 307

So.3d 1189, 1195, writ denied, 21-274 (La. 4/27/21), 314 So.3d 838, cert. denied,

––– U.S. ––––, 142 S.Ct. 296, 211 L.Ed.2d 138 (2021). This directive that the

evidence be viewed in the light most favorable to the prosecution requires the

reviewing court to defer to the actual trier of fact's rational credibility calls,

evidence weighing, and inference drawing. State v. Clifton, 17-538 (La. App. 5 Cir.

5/23/18), 248 So.3d 691, 702.

This deference to the fact-finder does not permit a reviewing court to decide

whether it believes a witness or whether the conviction is contrary to the weight of

the evidence. State v. Hayman, 20-323 (La. App. 5 Cir. 4/28/21), 347 So.3d 1030,

23-KA-34 3

1040. Further, a reviewing court errs by substituting its appreciation of the

evidence and the credibility of witnesses for that of the fact-finder and overturning

a verdict on the basis of an exculpatory hypothesis of innocence presented to, and

rationally rejected by, the jury. State v. Lane, 20-181 (La. App. 5 Cir. 1/27/21), 310

So.3d 794, 804. As a result, under the Jackson standard, a review of the record for

sufficiency of the evidence does not require the reviewing court to determine

whether the evidence at trial established guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, but

whether, upon review of the whole record, any rational trier of fact would have

found guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Ordonez, 16-619 (La. App. 5 Cir.

3/15/17), 215 So.3d 473, 477.

The elements of La. R.S. 14:43.1.1

La. R.S. 14:43.1.1 states, in relevant part:

A. Misdemeanor sexual battery is the intentional
touching of the breasts or buttocks of the victim by the offender
using any instrumentality or any part of the body of the
offender, directly or through clothing, or the intentional
touching of the breasts or buttocks of the offender by the victim
using any instrumentality or any part of the body of the victim,
directly or through clothing, when the offender acts without the
consent of the victim.

Thus, similar to its felony counterpart of La. R.S. 14:43.1, to support a conviction

under La. R.S. 14:43.1.1, the State is required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt

that a defendant touched specific parts of the victim’s body without her consent.

The defendant’s argument is based upon his definition of the term “breast”

as used in the statute. The defendant asserts in his brief:

At trial, G.P. testified that Mr. Aguilar had placed his hands under her
shirt and touched her chest. Her testimony was brief concerning this
allegation. G.P. never specified exactly where on her chest Mr.
Aguilar touched. Considering that the breasts are just a portion of a
female's chest and G.P. failed to specifically allege that Mr. Aguilar
touched her breasts, the state has failed to prove that Mr. Aguilar is
guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of misdemeanor sexual battery.

23-KA-34 4

[Record citations omitted.] Notably, the defendant cites no jurisprudence to

support his narrow interpretation of the term “chest.”

The evidence presented at trial

“In cases involving sexual offenses, the testimony of the victim alone may

be sufficient to establish the elements of the offense, even where the State does not

introduce medical, scientific, or physical evidence to prove the commission of the

offense.” State v. Barbain, 15-0404 (La. App. 4 Cir. 11/4/15), 179 So.3d 770, 778.

We first take note of reported cases in which a female victim of sexual abuse

described a defendant as touching her “chest,” and that description was deemed

sufficient from an evidentiary standpoint. In State v. Cavazos, 11-0733 (La. App. 4

Cir. 5/16/12), 94 So.3d 870, 879, writ denied, 12-1372 (La. 10/26/12), 99 So.3d

645, and writ denied sub nom. State ex rel. Cavazos v. State, 12-1438 (La.

10/26/12), 99 So.3d 645, the victim testified that the defendant, “would go into her

room and touch her chest.” In State v. E.J.M., III, 12-774 (La. App. 5 Cir.

5/23/13), 119 So. 3d 648, 661, the victim testified that when she was nine years

old, the defendant took off her clothes and began touching her chest and private

area. In State v. Guidry, 95-254 (La. App. 3 Cir. 11/2/95), 664 So.2d 698, 700, the

Third Circuit upheld a defendant’s conviction for sexual battery based on “the

victim's unequivocal testimony about defendant's touching her chest and vagina.”

With the holdings of these cases in mind, we next turn to the evidence of the

victim’s account of sexual battery by the defendant presented at trial. State’s

Exhibit 13 consisted of a video of a forensic interview conducted with G.P. by

Julia Fisher at the New Orleans Children's Advocacy Center. In her interview,

which was played for the judge and jury, G.P. states that the defendant touched her

in places “where I shouldn’t be touched.” Beginning approximately 21 minutes

into the interview, G.P. is asked to recount a time she remembers most about the

defendant’s sexual abuse of her. She describes an incident that occurred in the

23-KA-34 5

kitchen of the family’s apartment, when the defendant touched her. When asked to

clarify, G.P. gestures in the video toward her left breast. When asked to provide the

name of that body part, she indicates that she does not have or know a name. The

defendant touched G.P. both over and under her clothes. When asked about being

touched over her clothes, G.P. again gestured toward her breast. When asked about

defendant touching her under her clothes, she likewise moved her hand toward her

breast.

At trial, G.P. did not specifically use the word “breast” when describing how

the defendant sexually abused her. Her testimony was as follows:

THE STATE:

And what part of your body did he touch?

G.P.:
My chest.

THE STATE:

Okay. And what part of your body was he using to touch
your chest?

G.P.:

His hands.

. . .

THE STATE:

And when he touched you with his hands on your chest,
was it over your shirt, or under your shirt?

G.P.:
Under.

. . .

THE STATE:

And did that happen once, or more than once, when he
touched you under your shirt, on your chest?

23-KA-34 6

G.P.:

More.

Other evidence presented at trial included State’s Exhibit 8, which is an

affidavit for the defendant’s arrest warrant. The warrant demonstrates that in her

initial interview with police on August 18, 2020, G.P. indicated that during an

incident two weeks prior, the defendant had walked up behind her while she was in

the kitchen and touched her breasts inside and outside of her clothing before he

inserted a finger into her vagina. The court was also aware of State’s Exhibit 1, a

JPSO Crime Report, having previously ruled on its admissibility at trial and in

relation to the defendant’s motion to quash.

Accordingly, we conclude that G.P.’s testimony that defendant touched her

chest was sufficient to convince a rational trier of fact beyond a reasonable doubt

that defendant was guilty of sexual battery. See, State v. Perkins, 11-162 (La. App.

5 Cir. 12/28/11), 83 So.3d 250, 257. In the absence of internal contradiction or

irreconcilable conflicts with physical evidence, the testimony of one witness, if

believed by the trier of fact, is sufficient to support a conviction. State v. Dixon,

07-915 (La. App. 5 Cir. 3/11/08), 982 So.2d 146, 153, writ denied, 08-0987 (La.

1/30/09), 999 So.2d 745. Moreover, the testimony of the victim alone can be

sufficient to establish the elements of a sexual offense, even where the State does

not introduce medical, scientific, or physical evidence to prove the commission of

the offense. State v. Bruce, 14-877 (La. App. 5 Cir. 3/25/15), 169 So.3d 671, 675,

writ denied, 15-833 (La. 3/4/16), 187 So.3d 1007. This assignment of error is

without merit.

ERROR PATENT REVIEW

Generally, an errors patent review is not conducted on misdemeanor

convictions. State v. Clark, 19-522 (La. App. 5 Cir. 6/24/20), 299 So.3d 1228,

1235, writ denied, 21-00062 (La. 3/9/21), 312 So.3d 585. Nevertheless, this Court

23-KA-34 7

in similarly situated matters has conducted an error patent review. See, State v.

Jones, 12-640 (La. App. 5 Cir. 10/30/13), 128 So.3d 436. Accordingly, this Court

conducted an error patent review of all of the convictions before us and found no

errors that require correction.

DECREE

Accordingly, for the foregoing reasons, the defendant’s conviction and

sentence are affirmed.

CONVICTION AND SENTENCE AFFIRMED

23-KA-34 8

SUSAN M. CHEHARDY CURTIS B. PURSELL

CHIEF JUDGE CLERK OF COURT

SUSAN S. BUCHHOLZ
FREDERICKA H. WICKER
CHIEF DEPUTY CLERK
JUDE G. GRAVOIS
MARC E. JOHNSON
ROBERT A. CHAISSON LINDA M. WISEMAN
STEPHEN J. WINDHORST
FIRST DEPUTY CLERK
JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR.
SCOTT U. SCHLEGEL FIFTH CIRCUIT
MELISSA C. LEDET
JUDGES 101 DERBIGNY STREET (70053)
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL STAFF
POST OFFICE BOX 489
GRETNA, LOUISIANA 70054 (504) 376-1400

(504) 376-1498 FAX
www.fifthcircuit.org

NOTICE OF JUDGMENT AND CERTIFICATE OF DELIVERY
I CERTIFY THAT A COPY OF THE OPINION IN THE BELOW-NUMBERED MATTER HAS BEEN DELIVERED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH UNIFORM RULES - COURT OF APPEAL, RULE 2-16.4 AND 2-16.5 THIS DAY
NOVEMBER 15, 2023 TO THE TRIAL JUDGE, CLERK OF COURT, COUNSEL OF RECORD AND ALL
PARTIES NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL, AS LISTED BELOW:

23-KA-34
E-NOTIFIED
24TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT (CLERK)
HONORABLE ELLEN SHIRER KOVACH (DISTRICT JUDGE)
ANNE M. WALLIS (APPELLEE) THOMAS J. BUTLER (APPELLEE) LIEU T. VO CLARK (APPELLANT)

MAILED
CHRISTINA FISHER (APPELLEE)
HONORABLE PAUL D. CONNICK, JR.
(APPELLEE)
JOHN RANSONE IV (APPELLEE)
MOLLY LOVE (APPELLEE)
ASSISTANT DISTRICT ATTORNEYS
TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
200 DERBIGNY STREET
GRETNA, LA 70053