State of Louisiana Versus Sidney Simoneaux

STATE OF LOUISIANA NO. 23-KA-400

VERSUS FIFTH CIRCUIT

SIDNEY SIMONEAUX COURT OF APPEAL

STATE OF LOUISIANA

ON APPEAL FROM THE TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF JEFFERSON, STATE OF LOUISIANA
NO. 21-5977, DIVISION "O"
HONORABLE DANYELLE M. TAYLOR, JUDGE PRESIDING

July 10, 2024

JUDE G. GRAVOIS
JUDGE

Panel composed of Judges Susan M. Chehardy,
Fredericka Homberg Wicker, and Jude G. Gravois

AFFIRMED; REMANDED WITH INSTRUCTIONS
JGG
SMC
FHW

COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE,
STATE OF LOUISIANA
Honorable Paul D. Connick, Jr.
Monique D. Nolan
Thomas J. Butler
Joan Benge
LaShanda Webb

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT,
SIDNEY SIMONEAUX
Bertha M. Hillman

GRAVOIS, J.

Defendant, Sidney Simoneaux, appeals his convictions of two
counts of aggravated rape upon a known juvenile (DOB 10/02/1990)
in violation of La. R.S. 14:421 (counts one and two); one count of
aggravated oral sexual battery upon a known juvenile (DOB
10/02/1990) in violation of La. R.S. 14:43.42 (count three); and one
count of sexual battery upon a known juvenile (DOB 10/02/1990) in
violation of La. R.S. 14:43.1 (count four). On appeal, defendant
argues the trial court erred in denying his pretrial Motion in Limine to
exclude video evidence. Finding no merit to the assignment of error,
we affirm defendant’s convictions and sentences. However, the trial
court failed to advise defendant, at his sentencing, of the mandatory
requirements for registration as a sex offender. We accordingly
remand the matter to the trial court with instructions to the trial judge
to inform defendant of the registration requirements for sex offenders
by sending appropriate written notice to defendant and to file written
proof in the record that defendant received such notice. We also
remand for correction of the Uniform Commitment Order and minute
entry as set forth in our errors patent review.

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On February 10, 2022, a Jefferson Parish Grand Jury indicted
defendant, Sidney Simoneaux, on the aforementioned charges, to
which he pled not guilty at his arraignment on February 22, 2022. In
the indictment, the State alleged the following: in count one
(aggravated rape upon a known juvenile), the offense occurred on or
between October 2, 1995 and October 1, 2002; in count two
(aggravated rape upon a known juvenile), the offense occurred
between August 15, 2001 and October 1, 2002; in count three
(aggravated oral sexual battery upon a known juvenile), the offense

1
La. R.S. 14:42, as amended by La. Acts 2015, No. 184, § 1, effective
August 1, 2015, now classifies aggravated rape as “first degree rape.” Subsection
E of the amended statute provides that “[a]ny act in violation of the provisions of
this Section committed on or after August 1, 2015, shall be referred to as ‘first
degree rape.’” The incidents in this case occurred prior to August 1, 2015.
2
Aggravated oral sexual battery was repealed by Acts 2001, No. 301, § 2.
The crime of female genital mutilation, added by Acts 2012, No. 207, § 1,
currently bears the statutory designation of La. R.S. 14:43.4.

23-KA-400 1

occurred between October 2, 1995 and August 14, 2001; and in count
four (sexual battery upon a known juvenile), the offense occurred
between October 2, 1995 and October 1, 2003. Also, as to count four,
the indictment states that defendant committed sexual battery to wit:
“the intentional touching of the anus or genitals of the victim by the
offender using any instrumentality or any part of the body of the
offender, and/or the touching of the anus or genitals of the offender by
the victim using any instrumentality or any part of the body of the
victim.”

On September 23, 2022, defendant filed a Motion in Limine to
Exclude Video Evidence and Supporting Memorandum.3 The State
filed an opposition to the defense’s Motion in Limine on September
29, 2022. On January 5, 2023, after a hearing was held, the trial court
denied defendant’s Motion in Limine. On March 6, 2023, the case
proceeded to trial before a twelve-person jury, and on March 8, 2023,
the jury found defendant guilty as charged on all counts.

Defendant filed a motion for a new trial on March 15, 2023,
which was denied that same day. On the same day, after a waiver of
delays, the court sentenced defendant to life imprisonment without the
benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence on each of
counts one and two. On count three, the court sentenced defendant to
fifteen years imprisonment in the Department of Corrections, with that
sentence to run concurrently with the other two sentences. On count
four, the court sentenced defendant to ten years imprisonment in the
Department of Corrections, with that sentence to also run concurrently
with all other sentences. Immediately thereafter, the defense made an
oral motion to reconsider sentence, which was denied. Defendant
now appeals, challenging the denial of his Motion in Limine to
exclude video evidence.

3
Other pleadings were filed in this case. Because these filings are not
related to the assigned error, they are not discussed herein.

23-KA-400 2

FACTS ESTABLISHED IN THE TRIAL COURT

This case involves allegations made by B.W.4 against her step-
grandfather, Sidney Simoneaux (defendant). She primarily lived with
him and her grandmother, Ginny Simoneaux, in a duplex on Kingston
Street in Kenner, Louisiana. On the other side of the duplex resided
her father, John Raley, III, and Dawn Raley, her stepmother.

Officer Byron Schilling with the Kenner Police Department
was dispatched to the police station on September 11, 2021 regarding
a complaint of child sexual abuse. The victim, B.W., now an adult,
told Officer Schilling she possessed a video of defendant, her “step-
grandfather,” admitting to “oral sexual conduct as well as fooling
around with her” when she was approximately five or six years old.
B.W. indicated defendant “sexually assaulted her or/and raped her on
multiple occasions.” After viewing the video, Officer Schilling
notified his supervisor and forwarded the case to the detective bureau.

B.W. was born on October 2, 1990. She lived in Kentucky with
her mother and father (John Raley, III),5 and her sister, who was born
there on February 15, 1995. Her mother passed away during her
sister’s birth.6 Afterwards, when B.W. was approximately four or five
years old, her family moved to a duplex on Kingston Street in Kenner,
Louisiana. B.W. regularly stayed on the side of the duplex where her
grandmother, Mrs. Simoneaux, and defendant7 resided, sharing a
bedroom with her sister.8

At trial, B.W. testified defendant sexually violated her on
multiple occasions, beginning when she was approximately five or six

4
In the interest of protecting minor crime victims and victims of sexual
offenses as set forth in La. R.S. 46:1844(W)(3), we will use only initials to
identify the victim and any defendant or witness whose name can lead to the
victim’s identity (i.e., parent, sibling, or relative with the same last name as the
victim). State v. E.J.M., III, 12-774, 12-732 (La. App. 5 Cir. 5/23/13), 119 So.3d
648, 652 n.1.
5
B.W. considered Mr. Raley her biological father, though it appears he is
not.
6
B.W. provided that her sister is handicapped and currently lives in a
home in Ellisville, Mississippi. B.W. also has a half-brother.
7
B.W. identified defendant in open court as her step-grandfather.
8
B.W. explained that she primarily stayed with defendant and her
grandmother because her father worked or would go out to bars.

23-KA-400 3

years old. In the first incident of sexual abuse involving defendant,
which occurred around 1995 or 1996, defendant came into her
bedroom, told her it was time to change for bed, and assisted her with
changing her clothes. Defendant told her he was removing her
underwear because it was wet, and he “accidentally touched [her] and
said ‘oops.’” He touched her on her vagina; her underwear was on at
the time. Afterwards, the State inquired: “Now at some point of
course your underwear’s been removed was there any touching skin to
skin by the defendant to your vagina?” B.W. responded: “Yes.” She
recalled defendant smiled after he touched her. Another incident
involving defendant took place during the day in the living room
when she was around five or six years old. Defendant took off her
underwear and touched her on her vagina with his fingers. He asked
B.W. how she felt. Other times, defendant used other
instrumentalities, such as a toothbrush and a Barbie doll leg, to touch
her “in [her] vagina.”9

Additionally, beginning when she was five or six years old,
there were incidents during which defendant made B.W. touch him
when they were in the living room. While his bottoms were off,
defendant began making her touch his penis with her hand. Defendant
explained to her how to “touch and rub” his penis and that she could
“make it grow.” At the same time, defendant touched her on her
vagina with his hand; she described this as “rubbing and finger
insertion.” He also instructed B.W. to open her mouth and he put his
penis in her mouth. Defendant made her lick his penis and made her
watch him ejaculate. Defendant made her have oral sex with him on
multiple occasions, confirming that these incidents occurred when she
was between the ages of five and eight years old. B.W. verified that
defendant performed oral sex on her on multiple occasions, and it
began when he told her that he wanted to try something on her.

B.W. also testified that defendant showed her pornography.
She remembered the first time this happened. When she was in the

9
On cross-examination, B.W. specified that these events, involving the
toothbrush and Barbie doll, began to progress when she was approximately six or
seven years old.

23-KA-400 4

living room, defendant expressed his desire to show her a movie, and
he played pornography. B.W. described it as a man and a woman
having sex.10 Defendant told her they were going to try to do those
things and they would subsequently re-enact what was done on the
television in the living room. After defendant removed their clothing,
they went upstairs to her bedroom where he placed her on her back on
the bed. Defendant knelt down and began rubbing and touching her
vagina. He then rubbed her vagina with his penis before beginning to
insert it. When B.W. told him it hurt, defendant told her he was sorry
and she was “too small.”11 She denied this incident was the only time
he inserted his penis into her vagina; she explained these acts
happened on more than one occasion. B.W. stated these acts of
penetration began when she was around six or seven years old. These
incidents ceased when she reached puberty, around the age of eleven
or twelve in 2001 or 2002. At that point, defendant then informed
B.W. they could not do anything anymore because “something could
happen.”

B.W. further elaborated that defendant tried to insert his penis
into her vagina multiple times. She could not recall how many times,
but she confirmed it was a “regularly repeating occurrence.” B.W.
confirmed these incidents began when she was between five and
seven years old and continued until she was eleven. Defendant
instructed her to remain silent about the abuse because it would “make
them jealous or upset with [her].” As a child, B.W. did not initially
believe the sexual abuse was wrong because defendant was family and
she trusted him. While taking a “sex ed” class, around the time she
was ten or eleven years old, she realized defendant had been sexually
abusive to her. B.W. remembered informing her aunt, Florence
Daugherty,12 about the sexual abuse when she was around eleven or

10
In addition, B.W. remembered defendant would put on a recording of
him and B.W. She described the recorded act between them involving “touching,
oral.”
11
B.W. indicated on cross-examination she was six or seven years old
when defendant tried to insert his penis inside of her. When questioned about his
ability to do this, she answered, “He began to.”
12
Throughout the transcript, Florence is referred to by other names,
including Florence Eva Daugherty and Eva Daugherty. She will be referred to as
Ms. Daugherty herein.

23-KA-400 5

twelve years old, while Ms. Daugherty was residing at the duplex.
She recalled being informed that her aunt went to the Simoneaux or
Riley residence, confronted them, and asked what had happened.

B.W. recounted the events leading to her living with Ms.
Daugherty in Kentucky. She stated she had a journal in which she
documented the sexual abuse (but did not name the perpetrator),
which she first gave to a friend to read, and then gave to her
stepmother, who read it and called the police. When the police
attempted to speak with her, B.W. denied the sexual abuse described
in the journal, as the police incorrectly assumed it was her father, Mr.
Raley. B.W. said no one in her family believed what had happened to
her, and they called her a “whore,” “hoe,” and “b*tch,” as well as a
liar. Defendant did not speak up and her grandmother did not believe
her, called her names, and slapped her. She was approximately fifteen
or sixteen years old when she told her father about what defendant had
done to her. Her father kicked her out of the residence afterwards.
She then went to Mississippi to live with her Aunt Vicki13 before
going to live at Ms. Daugherty’s residence in Kentucky. At the age of
seventeen, she acquired her own residence and had no contact with
defendant during that period.

In her testimony, B.W. also recounted details of three suicide
attempts she made, as a result of severe depression, the first when she
was eleven years old, the second at fifteen or sixteen, and the final
time at age twenty-five, for which she has received treatment and is in
therapy.

B.W. stated she reconnected with defendant after her Aunt
Vicki passed away around 2012 or 2013. They maintained contact
after she moved back to Louisiana with her husband, spending
holidays with the family in Mississippi where defendant lived at the
time. Following her grandmother’s passing, she assisted defendant in
disposing of belongings before he moved out of state. B.W. and
defendant lost contact until he resumed texting her, having obtained
her address earlier. After Hurricane Ida hit in 2021, defendant texted

13
The record does not reflect Vicki’s last name.

23-KA-400 6

her and checked in on her due to her husband’s deployment.
Approximately one month before defendant arrived at her house, he
started texting her about the past and his sexual activities with her
stepmother, which she found strange. She indicated she no longer had
those text messages.

B.W. testified defendant arrived uninvited at her residence in
September 2021 and stayed for approximately an hour. During their
conversation, he made admissions to her. After he departed, B.W.
contacted both her deployed husband and her father.14 B.W.
confirmed the conversation was recorded in both audio and video
formats by the surveillance system at her home. She explained that
she downloaded the video using the screen record feature on her
phone due to it only downloading five-minute clips. She gave the
video to the police the following day.

Ms. Daugherty, B.W.’s aunt, testified her brother was B.W.’s
father, who had recently passed away. According to Ms. Daugherty,
she met defendant through a coworker, and Ms. Daugherty married
defendant’s son. They were only married for a few months before he
committed suicide. In the aftermath of the suicide, she and defendant
supported each other and shared an apartment to save money for a
duplex they bought together located at 2834 and 2836 Kingston Street
in Kenner, with the arrangement that he would reside in one half
while she occupied the other half. She described defendant as her best
friend, mentioning that he looked after her son, and they did
everything together. After defendant met and fell in love with her
mother, Ms. Daugherty’s relationship with defendant changed.
Eventually, her mother moved in with defendant. She denied
observing any interaction between defendant and B.W. as B.W. was
asked to go to another room whenever Ms. Daugherty visited.

Ms. Daugherty recalled on two occasions, B.W. disclosed
sexual abuse, which involved defendant’s penis, her vagina, her

14
B.W. testified that initially, she thought her father would believe her. It
only occurred to her that the conversation between defendant and herself was
captured on her surveillance camera when she was speaking to her father on the
phone, exclaiming: “[O]h, my God it’s on my camera.”

23-KA-400 7

breasts, her mouth, and his fingers. She confirmed she was the sole
member of her family who believed B.W. Regarding the initial
occasion, when B.W. was approximately eleven or twelve years old,
Ms. Daugherty recalled B.W. disclosing to her that “Papaw Sidney”
was sexually abusing her. B.W. told her that she did not like what he
did to her. After the disclosure, Ms. Daugherty discussed it with her
mom, brother, and defendant. They told her that B.W. was lying,
making things up for attention, and suggested B.W. may have
recreated incidents based on hearing about Ms. Daugherty’s sister
being abused.

Around the time B.W. was fifteen or sixteen years old, Ms.
Daugherty recalled B.W. again disclosing the abuse to her. Ms.
Daugherty remembered B.W. coming to live with her because nobody
wanted B.W. around because they believed she was lying. B.W.
ended up living with her for two to three years. When asked if, at any
point, she learned B.W. accused her father of sexually assaulting her,
Ms. Daugherty answered she could not say whether B.W. did or did
not.

Ms. Daugherty explained her brother believed B.W.’s
allegations against defendant after defendant visited B.W.’s house and
reminisced in front of the video camera. She recalled speaking to her
brother on the phone after “the revelation of the recording.” She
described him as distraught, feeling guilty, and blaming himself for
putting B.W. in the situation. She personally felt disgusted, betrayed,
and responsible for bringing defendant into her family’s life.

Detective Peter Foltz with the Kenner Police Department was
assigned to conduct a follow-up investigation in this case. The
investigation started when B.W. went to the police station to file a
report and provided the video recording from her residence
surveillance system showing her and defendant. He confirmed
viewing the video and identified defendant as the person depicted in
it. During the investigation, he learned the abuse occurred at a duplex
located at 2834 and 2836 Kingston Street in Kenner. After reviewing
the video, he conducted an interview with B.W., during which she
disclosed sexual abuse.

23-KA-400 8

The detective then spoke with Ms. Daugherty, B.W.’s father,
and B.W.’s friend to whom B.W. had given the journal. As a result of
the investigation, an arrest warrant was approved for defendant.15
Defendant was ultimately arrested by the McComb Police Department
and extradited back to Louisiana.16

Detective Foltz obtained a medical waiver from B.W. for her
medical records. During the detective’s conversation with B.W., she
detailed the progression of the sexual acts inflicted upon her by
defendant. She advised him the abuse occurred from the time she was
five or six years old until she was twelve years old and moved to
LaPlace. Detective Foltz identified State’s Exhibit 1 as the disc that
contained the video recording the victim provided to Officer Schilling
on September 11, 2021. State’s Exhibit 1 was admitted into evidence
and published to the jury. Therein, defendant reminisces about “the
whole everything that went on,” offering detailed memories of
specific acts of sexual abuse defendant performed upon B.W. or made
her perform upon him.

The following summary of the video recording is based on this
Court’s review.17

In the video, B.W. and defendant can be seen
conversing at her residence. Defendant mentions he
should have left the house sooner. He expressed many of
the things that “had gone on before are really deep in
[his] head.” He explained to B.W. he quit writing to her
because she was “in his head a whole bunch.” He
described how he used to never remember his dreams,
but he started remembering them. He recalled in his
dreams, he would have sex with Mrs. Raley and then,
instead of her, it would be B.W. Defendant expanded on
how it “was screwed up,” and he ceased writing with her
because it was “really getting inside of [his] head.” He
mentioned he “sat there, remembering everything the
whole everything that went on.” He told B.W., “Yeah, I

15
The detective indicated defendant was charged with three counts of first
degree rape and three counts of sexual battery under the age of thirteen. He
explained he used the current statutes and then learned the crime was called
aggravated rape from 1995 until 2003.
16
Upon defendant’s arrival in Louisiana, Detective Foltz notified
defendant of his rights and defendant elected not to speak with him. He identified
defendant in open court.
17
See State’s Exhibit 1.

23-KA-400 9

molested you when you were young, and where did that
come from, uhhh, it came from Vicki.”

He informed B.W. he was taking care of her at the
time, and as she got ready for bed, he remembered going
upstairs to find her on the pillow with a big smile on her
face. He recalled getting ready for bed and taking B.W.’s
underwear off. He recounted B.W. was wet, and when
he touched her, she went “hmmm.” He remembered
saying, “Wow, she really is,” after which he tasted it. He
told B.W., “Let me tell ya, I’m going to tell you
something, you had the sweetest p***y I had ever tasted
in my life.” Defendant stated, “I’m telling the truth, and
I ended up messing around with you because it was, and
you were the sweetest young thing I had ever tasted in
my life.”
Defendant recalled a day when Mrs. Simoneaux
informed him she was tired and mentioned needing to
take Nicole18 to the doctor the following day. He told
B.W.: “And it’s terrible but when she was doing that,
leaving you home with me, and that’s when I was
messing with you. …” Defendant repeated that he was
“fooling around” with B.W. while Mrs. Simoneaux was
at the hospital. He explained that due to Mrs. Raley’s
presence coinciding with Mrs. Simoneaux’s departure
from the house, he could not “mess around” with B.W.
Defendant further recalled that following B.W.’s family’s
relocation to LaPlace and his own move to Mississippi,
he was sitting at his house when a beautiful young lady
walked past him.19 He told B.W. she “was no longer a
little girl, [she] was a beautiful young lady, a sexy young
lady.”

Defendant laughed, apologized, and stated he did
not mean to harm her, and B.W. expressed she was glad
at his admission. He provided that when she informed
them about him molesting her, the only mistake she made
was mixing up the times it occurred. Defendant
explained to B.W.: “You were a little girl so the times
were not as important to you then as they were later on.”
He told B.W. that he never called her a liar or accused
her of lying during that incident. B.W. replied they
assumed it, to which defendant explained it was due to
the incorrect time frame. He clarified the timing was off
by six months, and it could not have occurred because he
was in the hospital at that time. B.W. told defendant her
grandmother was aware, and she informed her before her
passing. Defendant mentioned discussing it with her

18
Based on the context of the record, it appears Nicole is B.W.’s
biological sister.
19
From the context of his statement, it appears defendant was suggesting
that the “beautiful young lady” was B.W.

23-KA-400 10

before her death. He conveyed his need to tell this to
B.W., which prompted him to stop writing. He expressed
B.W. was “deep inside of his head” at the time, and he
wanted to discuss everything in person, rather than over
the phone. He expressed that sometimes B.W. will catch
him looking at her “really funny because that’s still
inside [his] head,” but he tells himself he cannot “think
on them.” Defendant told B.W., “But it’s still there, and
every once in a while, I’ll look at you and think ‘That
was the sweetest I ever had.’”

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER ONE

Denial of Motion in Limine
In his only assignment of error, defendant contends the trial
judge erred by admitting the recording made by B.W. using her phone
to film surveillance-camera footage displayed on her television. He
asserts B.W. recorded the footage by pointing her phone at the
television while it played, without downloading or storing it in cloud
storage. He contends the recording could not be retrieved after a
single playback. He maintains this recording did not satisfy the
requirements of La. C.E. art. 1002. Further, he argues the video did
not capture the entire conversation and asserts the defense could not
verify its authenticity as they could not inspect the original footage.
Defendant avers the evidence should not have been admitted under
La. C.E. art. 1003 because the State did not establish it was an
accurate duplication of the original recorded video.

The State argues defendant’s claim regarding the video’s
authenticity lacks merit. The State asserts the video clearly captures
defendant’s admission to sexually abusing B.W. The State argues any
additional conversation between the two, whether it occurred before
or after the video recording, does not render the conversation captured
by the video inadmissible. The State posits it established the origin of
the video recording and explained why the original recording was not
available. Additionally, B.W. testified about the circumstances
surrounding the video recording and the challenges in obtaining the
original. The State maintains the trial court sensibly applied the “best
evidence” rule and concluded that the duplicate video recording was
admissible. It concludes there is no merit to defendant’s contention
the trial court abused its discretion in denying the Motion in Limine.

23-KA-400 11

At trial, Detective Foltz identified State’s Exhibit 1 as the video
recording provided by the victim to the police in September 2021,
confirming its origin from B.W.’s home surveillance system. Despite
the defense’s objection based on its Motion in Limine, the trial court
permitted the introduction of the video recording. B.W. testified that
following her conversation with defendant, she discovered it was
recorded on her home surveillance system equipped with audio and
video. She stated her father instructed her to download the video.
She explained she used “screen record” on her phone due to the video
only being able to download in five-minute clips. B.W. surrendered
the video to the police the following day. After acknowledging the
earlier objection from defense counsel, the trial court allowed the
video to be admitted and played at trial.

La. C.E. art. 401 defines relevant evidence as “evidence having
any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence
to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than
it would be without the evidence.” La. C.E. art. 402 provides that
“[a]ll relevant evidence is admissible, except as otherwise provided by
the Constitution of the United States, the Constitution of Louisiana,
this Code of Evidence, or other legislation.” A district court’s ruling
on the admissibility of evidence will not be reversed absent an abuse
of discretion. State v. Ard, 20-221 (La. App. 5 Cir. 4/28/21), 347
So.3d 1046, 1055.

Pursuant to La. C.E. art. 1002, “[t]o prove the content of a
writing, recording, or photograph, the original writing, recording, or
photograph is required, except as otherwise provided by this Code [of
Evidence] or other legislation.” La. C.E. art. 1003 provides an
exception to the general rule, to wit:

A duplicate is admissible to the same extent as an
original unless:
(1) A genuine question is raised as to the authenticity of
the original;

(2) In the circumstances it would be unfair to admit the
duplicate in lieu of the original; or

23-KA-400 12

(3) The original is a testament offered for probate, a
contract on which the claim or defense is based, or is
otherwise closely related to a controlling issue.

Electronic duplicates are addressed in La. C.E. art. 1003.1: “A
duplicate may not be deemed inadmissible or excluded from evidence
solely because it is in electronic form or is a reproduction of
electronically imaged or stored records, documents, data, or other
information.”

Definitions pertinent to this matter are set forth in La. C.E. art.
1001, to wit:

(3) Original. An “original” of a writing or recording is
the writing or recording itself or any counterpart
intended to have the same effect by a person
executing or issuing it. An “original” of a
photograph includes the negative or any print
therefrom. If data are stored in or copied onto a
computer or similar device, including any portable or
hand-held computer or electronic storage device, any
printout or other output readable by sight, shown to
reflect the data accurately, is an “original.”

***

(5) Duplicate. A “duplicate” is a counterpart produced
by the same impression as the original, or from the
same matrix, or by means of photography, including
enlargements and miniatures, or by mechanical or
electronic re-recording, or electronic imaging, or by
chemical reproduction, or by an optical disk imaging
system, or by other equivalent techniques, which
accurately reproduces the original.
“Where the document offered in evidence is a mechanical
reproduction of the original, and is its substantial equivalent, it is
admissible unless it can be shown by the defendant that its content
does not accurately reflect the original.” State v. Vincent, 338 So.2d
1376, 1381 (La. 1976). See also State v. Lewis, 567 So.2d 726, 728
(La. App. 2 Cir. 1990), writ denied, 575 So.2d 364 (La. 1991).

Also, La. C.E. art. 901 relates to the authentication of evidence.
La. C.E. art. 901(A) provides: “The requirement of authentication or
identification as a condition precedent to admissibility is satisfied by
evidence sufficient to support a finding that the matter in question is
what its proponent claims.” Such evidence may come in the form of

23-KA-400 13

testimony by a witness with knowledge that the matter is what it is
asserted to be; indications of the item’s distinctive characteristics,
including its contents, substance, internal patterns, and other
distinctive characteristics; or evidence describing the process or
system used to produce the item and showing that the process or
system produces an accurate result. State v. Vice, 22-512 (La. App. 3
Cir. 4/19/23), 365 So.3d 155, 163, writ denied, 23-669 (La. 11/21/23),
373 So.3d 457 (citing State v. Rice, 14-466 (La. 6/29/17), 222 So.3d
32, 33 (per curiam)). See also La. C.E. art. 901(B)(1), (4), and (9).

No Louisiana cases directly address the exact issue before the
Court. However, the following cases provide us guidance.

In Vincent, supra, a motion was filed to suppress the
defendant’s typewritten, inculpatory statement given by the defendant
after his arrest by the New Mexico police, approximately seven days
after the murder. The statement was objected to because the State was
permitted to introduce uncertified copies, which the defendant
contended are not best evidence, citing La. R.S. 15:436.20 Apparently
following federal practice, the Las Cruces police retained the originals
of written statements for one year only. After that time, and prior to
destroying the originals, the police made microfilm copies of all
statements, retaining only the microfilm. The trial judge permitted the
introduction of a copy of the document made from the microfilm on
the ground that a police officer testified that the copy introduced was
exactly like the original statement made to him by the defendant.
Vincent, 338 So.2d at 1381. The Louisiana Supreme Court found the
ruling was correct, explaining that “[w]here the document offered in
evidence is a mechanical reproduction of the original, and is its
substantial equivalent, it is admissible unless it can be shown by the
defendant that its content does not accurately reflect the original.” Id.

In State v. Spradley, 97-2801 (La. App. 1 Cir. 11/6/98), 722
So.2d 63, writ denied, 99-125 (La. 6/25/99), 745 So.2d 625, the

20
The First Circuit explained in State v. Francis, 597 So.2d 55, 59 (La.
App. 1 Cir. 1992) that the repeal of La. R.S. 15:436 and the adoption of the Code
of Evidence resulted in the “demise” of the broad “best evidence” rule of
exclusion of evidence.

23-KA-400 14

defendant contended the trial court erred in allowing the State to
introduce a copy of the videotapes of the crime. He argued the
explanations regarding the State’s failure to introduce the original
were insufficient and unsatisfactory and no testimony was given to
explain the absence of the original videotapes. The defendant claimed
he was denied a fair trial because copies of the tapes were used. Id. at
70. The detective testified that when making videotapes of
undercover drug buys, the same tape was used the entire night and a
number of transactions were recorded on one tape. Thereafter, each
individual transaction was put on a separate tape. The detective stated
he brought the tapes of the defendant’s transactions to court and
verified the tapes were accurate depictions of the original recordings.
An officer confirmed the detective’s testimony. The appellate court
found the defendant made no showing or claim that the original
videos of the crimes were not accurately depicted in the versions
introduced at trial and found the defendant’s argument was without
merit. Id. at 71.

In State v. Joe, 28,198 (La. App. 2 Cir. 7/26/96), 678 So.2d
586, writ denied, 97-559 (La. 10/31/97), 703 So.2d 16, the defendant
argued the trial court committed manifest error in overruling his
objection to playing a copy of a videotape depicting the crime scene.
Specifically, he argued the original 8 mm tape of the crime scene
made by the investigating deputy should have been played instead.
The State contended the original 8 mm tape could not be played as it
was not compatible with the courtroom equipment available and the
VHS video was an exact duplicate of the original. Id. at 591. There,
the court pointed out the defendant did not raise the issue of the
authenticity of the original 8 mm tape, but merely stated the original is
required from the plain reading of La. C.E. art. 1002. The court
emphasized that the defendant failed to acknowledge the exception
found in Article 1003. Id. at 592. The court provided that neither the
State nor the court was equipped to play the original tape in the 8 mm
format to the jury. The deputy testified he made the original tape of
the crime scene and the original video was used to make the
subsequent VHS video. The deputy further testified he reviewed the

23-KA-400 15

VHS copy and it was an exact duplication of the 8 mm original. The
State offered both the 8 mm and the VHS videos as evidence. Id. The
court found the defendant made no showing or claim that the original
video of the crime scene was not accurately depicted in the VHS
version. The court further found that absent further showing, the
defendant’s argument that the original must be produced in
accordance with La. C.E. art. 1002 fails. The court explained that La.
C.E. art. 1003 “allows a duplicate admissible to the same extent as an
original when there is no question as to the authenticity of the original
and it would not be unfair to admit the duplicate in lieu of the
original.” Therefore, the court held the assignment lacked merit. Id.

In State v. Wise, 2010 WL 1838403 (La. App. 1 Cir. 5/7/10),
writ denied, 10-1324 (La. 1/7/11), 52 So.3d 884, the defendant
contended the trial court erred in overruling the defense objection to
the authenticity of the videotape offered into evidence. Id. at *7. As
background, the State filed a motion to introduce evidence, requesting
the trial court to order an attached “continuous” VHS cassette of the
entire December 21, 2006 statement be placed into evidence as a
substitute for State’s number six. The State contended that the
proposed substitute was the cassette that was introduced at the motion
to suppress hearing and played in its entirety. The audio recording of
the December 21 statement was entered into evidence as State’s
number seven. The motion further contended that after introducing
exhibit six into evidence, the State erroneously placed into evidence
the VHS cassette that only contained the first part of the December 21
statement, instead of the VHS cassette of the entire statement played
during the hearing. The trial court granted the State’s motion to
substitute the VHS cassette. The First Circuit recounted the lieutenant
testified that the videotape in question contained the entire interview
that was originally recorded on two separate videotapes and the copy
accurately depicted the original recordings. The appellate court held
the defendant failed to make a showing that the content of the
purported copy did not accurately reflect that of the originals. Thus,
the court found no error in the admission of the videotape. Id.

23-KA-400 16

In the instant case, during the Motion in Limine hearing, the
State presented an affidavit from B.W. stating she could not download
the full recording from her Vivint Mobile Home Security app on her
phone. Instead, she chose to screen record the conversation between
defendant and herself using her phone screen record feature. She
explained she resorted to this method because she could not access the
video on her computer. Additionally, she stated she did not alter or
add to the recording in any way. During the trial, B.W. provided
testimony indicating her surveillance system possesses both audio and
video capabilities. She briefly clarified she utilized screen recording
to download the video due to the recordings being available in only
five-minute segments.

Upon review, we find no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s
ruling that the recording is an admissible duplicate under La. C.E. art.
1003. As previously mentioned, where the “document” offered in
evidence is a mechanical reproduction of the original and is its
substantial equivalent, it is admissible unless the defendant can show
that its content does not accurately reflect the original. Vincent, 338
So.2d at 1381. The re-recording in question, State’s Exhibit 1, was
created by B.W. when she played the original surveillance video
within the app on her phone and simultaneously recorded it using the
screen recording function on her phone. As pointed out by the trial
court at the hearing on the Motion in Limine, the time stamp on the
video consistently ran without any apparent time jumps. Despite the
defense’s contention that the video could easily be spliced or edited,
defendant did not point to any specific indication of alteration or
tampering of the video. Further, B.W. attested that the copy depicts
the recording and she did not alter or add to the video in any way.
Accordingly, we conclude B.W.’s attestation established the recording
was accurate and defendant failed to make a showing that the content
of the purported copy of the video does not accurately reflect that of
the original. This assignment of error is without merit.

23-KA-400 17

ERROR PATENT REVIEW

The record was reviewed for errors patent, according to La.
C.Cr.P. art. 920; State v. Oliveaux, 312 So.2d 337 (La. 1975); and
State v. Weiland, 556 So.2d 175 (La. App. 5 Cir. 1990).

Sex Offender Registration

The record reflects that the trial court failed to inform defendant
of the sex offender registration requirements in accordance with La.
R.S. 15:540, et seq. Defendant’s convictions of aggravated rape in
violation of La. R.S. 14:42, aggravated oral sexual battery in violation
of La. R.S. 14:43.4, and sexual battery in violation of La. R.S. 14:43.1
are defined as sex offenses under La. R.S. 15:541(24). La. R.S.
15:543(A) requires that the trial court notify a defendant charged with
a sex offense in writing of the registration requirements of La. R.S.
15:542.

The trial court’s failure to provide the notification constitutes a
patent error and warrants a remand for written notification, even
where a life sentence has been imposed. See State v. Doucet, 17-200
(La. App. 5 Cir. 12/27/17), 237 So.3d 598, 609-10, writs denied, 18-
77 (La. 10/8/18), 253 So.3d 789, and 18-196 (La. 11/5/18), 255 So.3d
1052, cert. denied, -- U.S. --, 139 S.Ct. 2676, 204 L.Ed.2d 1079
(2019). Accordingly, we remand this case to the trial court with
instructions to the trial judge to inform defendant of the registration
requirements for sex offenders by sending appropriate written notice
to defendant and to file written proof in the record that defendant
received such notice.

Imposition of Sentences without Benefits as to Counts Three and
Four
The sentencing hearing transcript reflects that the sentences on
counts three and four were imposed without a restriction of benefits.
Likewise, the sentencing minute entry and the State of Louisiana

23-KA-400 18

Uniform Commitment Order (“UCO”) reflect that the sentences on
counts three and four were imposed without a restriction of benefits.21

Under La. R.S. 15:301.1 and State v. Williams, 00-1725 (La.
11/28/01), 800 So.2d 790, a statute’s requirement that a defendant be
sentenced without the benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of
sentence is self-activating. Therefore, as to counts three and four, the
trial court’s failure to impose defendant’s sentence without the benefit
of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence requires no corrective
sentencing action. However, the UCO and the sentencing minute
entry are also devoid of defendant’s restriction of benefits. In State v.
Jones, 22-527 (La. App. 5 Cir. 5/24/23), 366 So.3d 821, 837, this
Court remanded the matter for correction of the minute entry and the
UCO to show that the defendant’s sentences were to be served
without the benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence.
As such, we remand this matter for such correction of the UCO and
the sentencing minute entry.

DECREE

For the foregoing reasons, defendant’s convictions and
sentences are affirmed. The matter is remanded to the trial court with
instructions to the trial judge to inform defendant of the registration
requirements for sex offenders by sending appropriate written notice
to defendant and to file written proof in the record that defendant
received such notice, and also for correction of the UCO and the
sentencing minute entry as set forth above.

AFFIRMED; REMANDED WITH
INSTRUCTIONS

21
More specifically, under the section labeled, “Amount of time to be
served without benefit, if applicable,” the UCO states, “LIFE as to counts 1 and
2.”

23-KA-400 19

SUSAN M. CHEHARDY CURTIS B. PURSELL

CHIEF JUDGE CLERK OF COURT

SUSAN S. BUCHHOLZ
FREDERICKA H. WICKER
CHIEF DEPUTY CLERK
JUDE G. GRAVOIS
MARC E. JOHNSON
STEPHEN J. WINDHORST LINDA M. WISEMAN
JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR.
FIRST DEPUTY CLERK
SCOTT U. SCHLEGEL
TIMOTHY S. MARCEL FIFTH CIRCUIT
MELISSA C. LEDET
JUDGES 101 DERBIGNY STREET (70053)
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL STAFF
POST OFFICE BOX 489
GRETNA, LOUISIANA 70054 (504) 376-1400

(504) 376-1498 FAX
www.fifthcircuit.org

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23-KA-400
E-NOTIFIED
24TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT (CLERK)
HONORABLE DANYELLE M. TAYLOR (DISTRICT JUDGE)
MONIQUE D. NOLAN (APPELLEE) THOMAS J. BUTLER (APPELLEE) BERTHA M. HILLMAN (APPELLANT)

MAILED
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(APPELLEE)
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