Royce Bufkin, Jr. Versus Kishore "Mike" Motwani, Quarter Holdings, LLC, Orleans Parish Sheriff Marlin Gusman, and Certain Unidentified Employees of the Orleans Parish Sheriff's Office

ROYCE BUFKIN, JR. NO. 24-CA-272

VERSUS FIFTH CIRCUIT

KISHORE "MIKE" MOTWANI, QUARTER COURT OF APPEAL
HOLDINGS, LLC, ORLEANS PARISH
SHERIFF MARLIN GUSMAN, AND CERTAIN STATE OF LOUISIANA
UNIDENTIFIED EMPLOYEES OF THE
ORLEANS PARISH SHERIFF'S OFFICE

ON APPEAL FROM THE TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF JEFFERSON, STATE OF LOUISIANA
NO. 787-537, DIVISION "H"
HONORABLE DONALD L. FORET, JUDGE PRESIDING

February 19, 2025

JUDE G. GRAVOIS
JUDGE

Panel composed of Judges Jude G. Gravois,
Marc E. Johnson, and Scott U. Schlegel

AFFIRMED AS AMENDED
JGG
MEJ
SUS

COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT,
ROYCE BUFKIN, JR.
Dominic N. Varrecchio

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE,
KISHORE "MIKE" MOTWANI AND QUARTER HOLDINGS, LLC
Thomas J. Barbera

COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE,
THE ORLEANS PARISH SHERIFF'S OFFICE
Christopher H. King

GRAVOIS, J.

Plaintiff/appellant, Royce Bufkin, Jr., appeals the trial court’s judgment that

granted the motion to dismiss on grounds of abandonment pursuant to La. C.C.P.

art. 561 filed by defendants Kishore “Mike” Motwani and Quarter Holdings, LLC,

and dismissed Mr. Bufkin’s suit with prejudice. We affirm the judgment of

dismissal, but amend the judgment to dismiss the suit without prejudice.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On September 12, 2018, Mr. Bufkin filed a “Petition for Damages and

Dissolution of Lease due to Breach of Contract, Breach of Promise and Non-

Payment of Rents” against Mr. Motwani and his company, Quarter Holdings, LLC

(collectively “Motwani” or “defendants”), and Orleans Parish Sheriff Marlin

Gusman, wherein Mr. Bufkin was represented by his current appellate counsel, Mr.

Dominic Varrecchio.1 Sheriff Gusman answered the suit on January 31, 2019 with

general denials and defenses. On February 7, 2019, Motwani filed exceptions of

res judicata and lis pendens, based on a suit filed by Quarter Holdings, LLC

against Mr. Bufkin in Orleans Parish regarding the same leased premises.2 The

exceptions were set for a hearing on April 15, 2019, but the record does not

indicate that a hearing was ever conducted on the exceptions, or that they were

ever otherwise ruled upon.

On March 8, 2022, new counsel for Mr. Bufkin (Justin Schmidt) filed a

“Notice of Enrollment of Counsel of Record,” but the record does not indicate that

an Order was granted enrolling Mr. Schmidt as counsel of record for Mr. Bufkin.

On October 21, 2022, Mr. Bufkin’s former counsel (and current appellate counsel),

Mr. Varrecchio, filed a “Former, Terminated Counsel’s Ex Parte’ Motion to

Plaintiff also named “XXX Insurance Company(s)” and “Certain Unidentified
1

Employees of the Orleans Parish Sheriff’s Office” as additional defendants.
2
Alternative exceptions of no cause of action and no right of action against Mr. Motwani
individually were included in this filing.

24-CA-272 1

Withdraw as Counsel of Record, with Incorporated Memorandum.” This motion

was granted on October 26, 2022. However, on January 3, 2023, Mr. Varrecchio

filed a “Counsel’s Ex Parte’ Motion to Re-enroll as Counsel of Record with

Incorporated Memorandum.” This motion was granted on January 6, 2023.

On July 5, 2023, counsel for Motwani filed an “Ex Parte Motion to Dismiss

on Grounds of Abandonment,” alleging that no party to the suit had taken a step in

its prosecution or defense for a period in excess of three years beginning on or

about February 7, 2019 (when Motwani filed exceptions to the suit), and thus the

matter should be considered as abandoned as of February 7, 2022, and dismissed

per La. C.C.P. art. 561. The ex parte motion to dismiss on grounds of

abandonment was accompanied by counsel’s affidavit in support of the motion, as

required by La. C.C.P. art. 561(A)(2), stating that no step was timely taken in the

prosecution or defense of the action for a period in excess of three years beginning

on or about February 7, 2019.

Despite its compliance with the requirements of Article 561, the ex parte

motion was set for a contradictory hearing on August 9, 2023. However, the

matter was not heard on that date. Counsel for Mr. Bufkin filed a memorandum in

opposition to the ex parte motion and order to dismiss on October 10, 2023,

alleging that he had sent an email/letter with a discovery request to counsel for

Motwani on or about July 19, 2021, which interrupted the three-year abandonment

period. A copy of the email/letter was attached to the memorandum in opposition.

The motion to dismiss and opposition came for a hearing on October 19,

2023. After considering arguments of counsel, the trial court granted the motion to

dismiss from the bench. An Order dismissing the suit with prejudice was signed

on December 19, 2023. This appeal followed.

On appeal, Mr. Bufkin argues that the trial court’s Order dismissing his case

as abandoned was manifestly erroneous, because his counsel sent a “written

24-CA-272 2

request for production of documents” to defense counsel within the three-year

abandonment period.

ANALYSIS

“An action is abandoned when the parties fail to take any step in its

prosecution or defense in the trial court for a period of three years, unless it is a

succession proceeding[.]” La. C.C.P. art. 561(A)(1). Abandonment takes place by

operation of law, is self-executing, and is effective without court order. It occurs

automatically upon the passing of three years without a step being taken by a party.

Cassilli v. Summerfield Apartments, LLC, 21-261 (La. App. 5 Cir. 1/26/22), 336

So.3d 554, 556, citing First Bank & Tr. v. Proctor’s Cove II, LLC, 19-299 (La.

App. 5 Cir. 12/30/19), 287 So.3d 888, 895. A “step” is a formal action before the

court intended to hasten the suit towards judgment or is the taking of formal

discovery. Williams v. Montgomery, 20-1120 (La. 5/13/21), 320 So.3d 1036, 1041,

citing James v. Formosa Plastics Corp. of La., 01-2056 (La. 4/3/02), 813 So.2d

335, 338. Sufficient action by either the plaintiff or the defendant will be deemed a

step. Id.

Article 561 “shall be operative without formal order, but, on ex parte motion

of any party or other interested person by affidavit that states that no step has been

timely taken in the prosecution or defense of the action, the trial court shall enter a

formal order of dismissal as of the date of its abandonment.” La. C.C.P. art.

561(A)(2).

The interpretation of Article 561 was at issue in Clark v. State Farm Mut.

Auto. Ins. Co., 00-3010 (La. 5/15/01), 785 So.2d 779. There, the Louisiana

Supreme Court explained as follows:

Article 561 has been construed as imposing three requirements
on plaintiffs. First, plaintiffs must take some “step” towards
prosecution of their lawsuit. In this context, a “step” is defined as
taking formal action before the court which is intended to hasten the
suit toward judgment, or the taking of a deposition with or without

24-CA-272 3

formal notice. Second, the step must be taken in the proceeding and,
with the exception of formal discovery, must appear in the record of
the suit. Third, the step must be taken within the legislatively
prescribed time period of the last step taken by either party; sufficient
action by either plaintiff or defendant will be deemed a step.
Id. at 784 (emphasis in original, footnotes omitted).

“Whether a step in the prosecution or defense of a case has been taken in the

trial court for a period of three years is a question of fact subject to manifest error

analysis; by contrast, whether a particular act, if proven, [interrupts] abandonment

is a question of law that is examined by ascertaining whether the trial court's

conclusion is legally correct.” Williams, 320 So.3d at 1042, citing Martin v. Nat'l

City Mortg. Co., 52,371 (La. App. 2 Cir. 11/14/18), 261 So.3d 144, 147, writ

denied, 18-2046 (La. 2/11/19), 263 So.3d 435.

Mover Motwani’s counsel filed the ex parte motion and order to dismiss,

accompanied by the affidavit required by La. C.C.P. art. 561(A)(2). This Article

and associated jurisprudence are clear that upon the proper filing of the motion and

order and required affidavit, the judge shall enter a formal order dismissing the suit

as abandoned. Inexplicably, the matter was instead set for a contradictory hearing

that ultimately took place on October 19, 2023.3

At the hearing, the judge acknowledged defendants’ compliance with the

requirements of Article 561 as noted previously. In opposition to the motion to

dismiss, Mr. Bufkin argued that the email/letter his counsel sent to Motwani’s

counsel (Mr. Barbera) in July of 2021, which was attached to his memorandum in

opposition and which requested “all insurance coverage” information on the leased

property, as well as which appeared to discuss other litigation the parties were

involved in (with no specific reference to this suit or this suit number), constituted

3
It is improper for the trial court to set a motion to dismiss on the basis of abandonment
for contradictory hearing instead of signing an order of dismissal ex parte as required by La.
C.C.P. art. 561(A)(3). Cassilli, 336 So.3d at 557, citing Hancock Bank of Louisiana v. Robinson,
20-791 (La. App. 1 Cir. 3/11/21), 322 So.3d 307, 311. See also McNealy v. Englade, 19-573
(La. App. 1 Cir. 2/21/20), 298 So.3d 182, 189-190.

24-CA-272 4

formal discovery.4 In response, Motwani’s counsel argued that the request was

informal, nonspecific to the instant case, and was not “served” on Motwani within

the meaning of Article 561. After considering the applicable law and arguments,

the trial court ruled that the email/letter sent from Mr. Varrecchio to Mr. Barbera

did not fulfill the requirements necessary to interrupt the elapsed period of

abandonment, as it was not formal discovery nor served.

Upon review of the record in this matter, it is clear that Mr. Bufkin did not

introduce the July 19, 2021 email/letter to Mr. Barbera into evidence at the hearing

on the motion to dismiss based on abandonment. Evidence not properly and

officially offered and introduced cannot be considered on appeal, even if the

evidence is physically placed in the record. Jackson v. United Services Auto. Ass’n

Cas. Ins. Co., 08-333 (La. App. 5 Cir. 10/28/08), 1 So.3d 512, 515, citing Ray

Brandt Nissan v. Gurvich, 98-634 (La. App. 5 Cir. 1/26/99), 726 So.2d 474, 476.

Documents attached to memoranda do not constitute evidence and cannot be

considered as such on appeal. Id. Appellate courts are courts of record and may

not review evidence that is not in the appellate record, or receive new evidence.

La. C.C.P. art. 2164.

Thus, since plaintiff’s evidence in opposition to the motion to dismiss, the

email/letter to opposing counsel, was not introduced or admitted into evidence, it

should not have been considered by the trial judge. Nevertheless, the result, the

dismissal, is unchanged, as defendants’ compliance with the requirements of

Article 561 entitled them to an ex parte judgment dismissing the case as

abandoned. Since no evidence was introduced into the record by plaintiff to show

that a step in the prosecution was taken within the three-year abandonment period

4
The email/letter noted that Mr. Varrecchio represented Mr. Bufkin in several litigations,
and did not reference this particular suit, either in discussion of the facts or with a suit number in
the email/letter.

24-CA-272 5

under Article 561, we find that the trial court properly dismissed plaintiff’s suit as

abandoned.5

We note that the trial court’s Order dismissing plaintiff’s suit due to

abandonment was “with prejudice.” However, a dismissal of an action on the

grounds of abandonment may only be made “without prejudice.” Burgess, 233

So.3d at 62, n.1, citing Argence, L.L.C. v. Box Opportunities, Inc., 11-1732 (La.

App. 4 Cir. 5/23/12), 95 So.3d 539, 541. See also Davis v. Naquin, 23-57 (La.

App. 1 Cir. 9/15/23), 375 So.3d 968. Therefore, the dismissal of plaintiff’s suit

pursuant to Article 561 should have been “without prejudice.” Accordingly, we

amend the Order dismissing plaintiff’s suit to replace the words “with prejudice”

with “without prejudice.”

DECREE

The Order dismissing plaintiff’s suit as abandoned is amended to dismiss the

suit without prejudice, and as amended, is affirmed.

AFFIRMED AS AMENDED

5
In any event, were plaintiff’s evidence properly before the district court and this Court,
plaintiff’s arguments would nevertheless fail on the merits. Similar facts were presented in Miles
v. Suzanne’s Café and Catering, Inc., 11-907 (La. App. 5 Cir. 3/27/12), 91 So.3d 1107. In that
case, this Court held that informal discussions about possible settlement, suggestions about
scheduling future depositions, and informal requests for documents were not considered steps for
the purpose of interrupting the abandonment period. Id. at 1110-11. Likewise, Burgess, Inc. v.
Parish of St. Tammany, 17-153 (La. App. 1 Cir. 10/25/17), 233 So.3d 58, 63, writ denied, 17-2179
(La. 2/23/18), 237 So.3d 515, held that “extrajudicial efforts, such as informal correspondence
between the parties, have uniformly been considered insufficient to constitute a step for purposes
of interrupting or waiving abandonment.”

24-CA-272 6

SUSAN M. CHEHARDY CURTIS B. PURSELL

CHIEF JUDGE CLERK OF COURT

SUSAN S. BUCHHOLZ
FREDERICKA H. WICKER
CHIEF DEPUTY CLERK
JUDE G. GRAVOIS
MARC E. JOHNSON
STEPHEN J. WINDHORST LINDA M. WISEMAN
JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR.
FIRST DEPUTY CLERK
SCOTT U. SCHLEGEL
TIMOTHY S. MARCEL FIFTH CIRCUIT
MELISSA C. LEDET
JUDGES 101 DERBIGNY STREET (70053)
DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL STAFF
POST OFFICE BOX 489
GRETNA, LOUISIANA 70054 (504) 376-1400

(504) 376-1498 FAX
www.fifthcircuit.org

NOTICE OF JUDGMENT AND CERTIFICATE OF DELIVERY
I CERTIFY THAT A COPY OF THE OPINION IN THE BELOW-NUMBERED MATTER HAS BEEN DELIVERED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH UNIFORM RULES - COURT OF APPEAL, RULE 2-16.4 AND 2-16.5 THIS DAY
FEBRUARY 19, 2025 TO THE TRIAL JUDGE, CLERK OF COURT, COUNSEL OF RECORD AND ALL PARTIES
NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL, AS LISTED BELOW:

24-CA-272
E-NOTIFIED
24TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT (CLERK)
HONORABLE DONALD L. FORET (DISTRICT JUDGE)
CHRISTOPHER H. KING (APPELLEE)

MAILED
DOMINIC N. VARRECCHIO (APPELLANT) BLAKE J. ARCURI (APPELLEE) FREEMAN R. MATTHEWS (APPELLEE)
ATTORNEY AT LAW LAURA C. RODRIGUE (APPELLEE) ATTORNEY AT LAW
1539 JACKSON AVENUE ATTORNEYS AT LAW 2800 PERDIDO STREET
SUITE 100 1615 POYDRAS STREET NEW ORLEANS, LA 70119
NEW ORLEANS, LA 70130 SUITE 1250
NEW ORLEANS, LA 70112
THOMAS J. BARBERA (APPELLEE)
ATTORNEY AT LAW
4645 CARTHAGE STREET
METAIRIE, LA 70002