City of Shreveport v. Shreveport Municipal Fire and Police Civil Service Board and Peggy Elzie

Judgment rendered August 14, 2019.
Application for rehearing may be filed
within the delay allowed by Art. 2166,
La. C.C.P.

No. 52,838-CA

COURT OF APPEAL
SECOND CIRCUIT
STATE OF LOUISIANA

*****
CITY OF SHREVEPORT Plaintiff-Appellant

versus

SHREVEPORT MUNICIPAL Defendants-Appellees
FIRE AND POLICE CIVIL
SERVICE BOARD AND PEGGY
ELZIE

*****

Appealed from the
First Judicial District Court for the
Parish of Caddo, Louisiana
Trial Court No. 608942

Honorable Michael A. Pitman, Judge

*****

PETTIETTE, ARMAND, DUNKELMAN, Counsel for Appellant
WOODLEY, BYRD & CROMWELL, L.L.P.
By: Joseph Samuel Woodley
E. Henry Byrd, IV

BILLY RAY CASEY Counsel for Appellee,
Shreveport Municipal
Fire and Police Civil
Service Board

BRAINARD & BRAINARD, L.L.C. Counsel for Appellee,
By: Eron Jay Brainard Peggy Elzie

*****

Before WILLIAMS, MOORE, and McCALLUM, JJ.

McCALLUM, J.

At issue in this appeal is whether the computation of time set forth in

La. C.C.P. art. 5059 applies to the time period in La. R.S. 40:2531(B)(7)

concerning the permitted length of a disciplinary investigation of a law

enforcement officer. Agreeing with the District Court that it does not, we

affirm the judgment upholding the Shreveport Municipal Fire and Police

Civil Service Board’s decision to set aside the Shreveport Police

Department’s discipline of Officer Peggy Elzie.

FACTS

Elzie was involved in a motor vehicle accident on July 4, 2017, when

her vehicle struck the rear of two stopped vehicles. An investigation was

conducted on the date of the accident.

The investigation into the accident was considered by law to be

completed when, on September 5, 2017, Elzie received notice of a

September 11 predisciplinary hearing. At the hearing, Elzie received a

three-day fine and was ordered to attend a defensive driving class. Elzie

appealed the discipline to the Shreveport Municipal Fire and Police Civil

Service Board (“Board”), contending that the discipline was an absolute

nullity because the investigation had not been completed within 60 days as

required by La. R.S. 40:2531(B)(7). Saturday, September 2, was the 60th

day.

The Board found a violation of the 60-day rule and as a consequence,

it nullified Elzie’s discipline. The City of Shreveport (“City”) appealed this

determination to the First Judicial District Court, which upheld the Board’s

decision. The City appeals the District Court’s judgment.

DISCUSSION

La. R.S. 40:2531(B) contains the minimum standards to be followed

when a police employee or law enforcement officer is under investigation

and faces possible disciplinary action, demotion or dismissal. Included

among the minimum standards is a provision pertaining to the permissible

length of an investigation:

When a formal, written complaint is made against any police
employee or law enforcement officer, the superintendent of
state police or the chief of police or his authorized
representative shall initiate an investigation within fourteen
days of the date the complaint is made. Except as otherwise
provided in this Paragraph, each investigation of a police
employee or law enforcement officer which is conducted
under the provisions of this Chapter shall be completed
within sixty days. However, in each municipality which is
subject to a Municipal Fire and Police Civil Service law, the
municipal police department may petition the Municipal Fire
and Police Civil Service Board for an extension of the time
within which to complete the investigation. . . . Nothing
contained in this Paragraph shall be construed to prohibit the
police employee or law enforcement officer under investigation
and the appointing authority from entering into a written
agreement extending the investigation for up to an additional
sixty days. The investigation shall be considered complete
upon notice to the police employee or law enforcement
officer under investigation of a pre-disciplinary hearing or a
determination of an unfounded or unsustained complaint.
Nothing in this Paragraph shall limit any investigation of
alleged criminal activity.

La. R.S. 40:2531(B)(7). Emphasis added.

The penalty for an agency’s failure to comply with these minimum

standards in their entirety is an absolute annulment of the discipline:

There shall be no discipline, demotion, dismissal, or adverse
action of any sort taken against a police employee or law
enforcement officer unless the investigation is conducted in
accordance with the minimum standards provided for in this
Section. Any discipline, demotion, dismissal, or adverse action
of any sort whatsoever taken against a police employee or law
enforcement officer without complete compliance with the
foregoing minimum standards is an absolute nullity.

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La. R.S. 40:2531(C). Emphasis added.

As noted earlier in this opinion, the 60th day from the start of

the investigation was Saturday, September 2, 2017. September 4

happened to be Labor Day in 2017.

The City contends that its notice to Elzie and the completion of

the investigation were timely because, under the provisions of La.

C.C.P. art. 5059, the last day of a period of time allowed or prescribed

by law is not included when computing the period if it is a legal

holiday. Labor Day, Saturdays, and Sundays are considered to be

legal holidays for the purposes of art. 5059. La. R.S. 1:55(E)(3).

Thus, in this instance, the investigative period ended on a legal

holiday, and the next day that was not a legal holiday was the date of

service, Tuesday, September 5.

Before its amendment in 2018, La. C.C.P. art. 5059 provided:

In computing a period of time allowed or prescribed by law or
by order of court, the date of the act, event, or default after
which the period begins to run is not to be included. The last
day of the period is to be included, unless it is a legal holiday,
in which event the period runs until the end of the next day
which is not a legal holiday.
A half-holiday is considered as a legal holiday. A legal holiday
is to be included in the computation of a period of time allowed
or prescribed, except when:
(1) It is expressly excluded;
(2) It would otherwise be the last day of the period; or
(3) The period is less than seven days.

The City argues that art. 5059 applies in this matter because it

involves a period of time prescribed by law, i.e., the 60 days to complete the

investigation. In support of its argument, the City cites Guillory v.

Department of Transp. & Dev., 450 So. 2d 1305 (La. 1984), where the

Louisiana Supreme Court applied art. 5059 to a provision in the Louisiana

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Constitution stating that appellate review of a final decision by the Louisiana

Civil Service Commission was obtained by filing an application with the

Commission within 30 calendar days after its decision became final. The

Supreme Court’s rationale was that the constitutional provision was

undoubtedly a period of time prescribed by law, and that art. 5059 ensured

uniformity in the counting of all time periods prescribed by law.

For the following reasons, we distinguish Guillory and conclude that

art. 5059 is not applicable to the investigative period found in La. R.S.

40:2531(B)(7). First, we note that the statute contains minimum standards,

otherwise known as the Police Officer Bill of Rights, which must be

followed when a police officer faces an administrative investigation which

could result in possible disciplinary action, demotion, or dismissal. See

Kendrick v. Department of Police, 2016-0037 (La. App. 4 Cir. 6/1/16), 193

So. 3d 1277, writ denied, 2016-1435 (La. 11/15/16, 209 So. 3d 779. The

time for completing an investigation is among those minimum standards. In

the absence of total compliance with those minimum standards, the

Shreveport Police Department’s discipline of Elzie was an absolute nullity.

Second, the statute provides a mechanism through which a police

department can seek an extension of the time to complete an investigation.

The Shreveport Police Department could have petitioned the Board for an

extension or it could have obtained a written agreement from Elzie to extend

the investigation. The Shreveport Police Department did not obtain, or even

seek, an extension under either avenue.1

1
We note that the PDC scheduling form stated that a “PDC must be scheduled by
(60 day limit): Date: September 4, 2017.” This indicates some confusion on the part of
the Shreveport Police Department as to when the period actually ended.
4

Finally, the Supreme Court in Guillory reasoned that without the

uniformity afforded by the application of art. 5059, some applicants would

not have 30 days to appeal, but would have only 28 or 29 days, or even 27

days if the last day happened to fall on a three-day weekend. Such concerns

regarding uniformity are absent from this case. This is not a circumstance

where a legal holiday acted as an impediment to the last-day filing of a

complaint or of an appeal. There was nothing inhibiting the Shreveport

Police Department from actually serving notice to Elzie on Saturday,

September 2. At the Board hearing, the Board Chairman commented that in

addition to delivering the notice to Elzie at home, she could have been called

in to work to be served. Her attorney noted that unlike a court of law or a

tribunal, a police department is always open. In fact, Elzie was on duty on

September 2, 3, and 4. Thus, the legal holidays were not the cause of the

Shreveport Police Department’s failure to serve timely notice upon Elzie.

CONCLUSION

The judgment is AFFIRMED. Costs are not assessed. La. C.C.P. art.

1920.2

2
Our records show that the City of Shreveport has prepaid all appellate costs so
there is no need to assess costs in accordance with La. R.S. 13:5112(A).
5