Shirley Green v. Brookshire Grocery Company D/B/A Super One Foods

Judgment rendered September 25, 2019.
Application for rehearing may be filed
within the delay allowed by Art. 2166,
La. C.C.P.

No. 53,066-CA

COURT OF APPEAL
SECOND CIRCUIT
STATE OF LOUISIANA

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SHIRLEY GREEN Appellant

versus

BROOKSHIRE GROCERY COMPANY Appellee
D/B/A SUPER ONE FOODS

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Appealed from the
First Judicial District Court for the
Parish of Caddo, Louisiana
Trial Court No. 605,225

Honorable Ramon Lafitte, Judge

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RONALD J. MICIOTTO Counsel for Appellant
JUSTIN SMITH

BARHAM & WARNER, L.L.C. Counsel for Appellee
By: Elizabeth P. Grozinger

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Before GARRETT, STONE, and COX, JJ.

COX, J.

This personal injury appeal arises out of the First JDC, Caddo Parish,

Louisiana. Shirley Green brought suit against Brookshire Grocery Company

D/B/A Super One Foods (“Brookshire”) after she slipped and fell in the

store. Ms. Green seeks review of the trial court’s decision granting

Brookshire’s motion for summary judgment. For the following reasons, we

respectfully reverse.

FACTS

Ms. Green was shopping at Super One Foods in Shreveport,

Louisiana, on July 17, 2017. While walking down a main aisle, she slipped

on a red liquid and fell. Ms. Green injured her left knee, left leg, pelvis,

neck, and back. After falling, she was treated at Willis Knighton Urgent

Care, University Health, and Chiro Care.

An affidavit from the store manager of Super One, Kenneth Cole,

appears in the record. His affidavit stated that at the time of Ms. Green’s fall

there was a liquid substance on the floor with a reddish tint. He stated that

upon being advised of the spill, he immediately placed two bright yellow

“wet floor caution” cones in the spill area, with one placed right beside the

liquid. He stated that an employee was also told to stand by the liquid and

warn customers of the substance until it could be properly cleaned up. Mr.

Cole stated that while he retrieved cleaning supplies, Ms. Green walked

through the area and fell.

Ms. Green’s affidavit stated that she did not see the liquid or warning

cone prior to her fall. She stated that no employee warned her of the spill or

attempted to stop her from proceeding through the spill.

Surveillance video of the store showed the following:

 13:34:03- A woman in a striped dress is pushing her cart down the
aisle when her drink falls over and spills onto the floor. The drink
continues to spill as she pushes her cart, leaving a trail, until the
woman notices and picks up the drink. The woman proceeds past two
aisles. She goes down the third aisle and then comes back to the main
aisle.

 13:34:44- The woman talks to a Super One employee and points to the
spill.

 13:34:58- The employee sees the spill and walks off camera.

 13:36:25- Super One’s employees return to the aisle. An employee
places a yellow cone on the far side of the spill several aisles away.

 13:36:44- Another yellow cone is placed by an employee. This cone
appears to be placed in the middle of the spill, next to a display pallet.
One employee stands two aisles away from the spill site.

 13:37:05- Ms. Green pushes her cart between the store employee and
the display pallet in the middle of the aisle. The cone is positioned on
the opposite side of the pallet from Ms. Green. Ms. Green then walks
through the trail of liquid and falls.

 13:37:08- An employee appears with paper towels to clean up the
spill.

 13:39:12- Ms. Green is helped onto an electric cart.

 13:39:34- A store patron moves another cone into the spill area.

 13:41:23- The employees finish cleaning up the spill with paper
towels.

 Seven store patrons walk through the same area where Ms. Green fell
between the time of the spill and Ms. Green falling.

Ms. Green filed a petition for damages on December 4, 2017. She

alleged that she was walking in an ordinary and prudent manner at the time

of the fall. She further alleged that Brookshire was negligent for the

following: failure to use reasonable and ordinary care in order to protect

patrons from a dangerous condition; failure to properly inspect the premises;

failure to properly maintain the premises; failure to warn patrons of the

presence of a dangerous condition; res ipsa loquitor was specifically pled;

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and, any other acts of negligence which may be shown at trial. She stated

that Brookshire knew or should have known that there was a foreign

substance on the floor and should have taken the necessary steps to alert

patrons of the substance.

Ms. Green requested general damages for her pain, suffering,

inconvenience, and mental anguish. She also requested special damages

consisting of the following: past, present, and future medical expenses; past,

present, and future pain, suffering, mental anguish, distress, and loss of

social functions; past, present, and future loss of wages and loss of earning

capacity; and, past, present, and future loss of the ability to engage in her

normal and usual social, recreational, and family activity.

In the alternative, Ms. Green argued that if the court found her to be

negligent, Brookshire should be apportioned its percentage of negligence

under the comparative negligence laws of Louisiana.

Brookshire filed its answer to Ms. Green’s petition on January 18,

2018. Brookshire claimed Ms. Green’s injuries were the result of her own

fault and negligence because she failed to see what she should have seen;

failed to avoid what could have been avoided; failed to take reasonable steps

to watch for her own safety; and, other reasons which may be shown at trial.

It also argued that her injuries were the result of a third party’s negligence,

over which it had no control.

Brookshire filed a motion for summary judgment on August 10, 2018.

It argued that Ms. Green did not and cannot make a positive showing that the

substance on the floor presented an unreasonable risk of harm or that

Brookshire failed to exercise reasonable care as required by La. R.S.

9:2800.6.
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Ms. Green filed a motion for summary judgment and opposition to

Brookshire’s motion for summary judgment. She stated that there were no

genuine issues of material fact. She argued that Brookshire had actual

knowledge of a hazardous condition that created an unreasonable risk of

harm, which caused her damage, and Brookshire failed to exercise

reasonable care in cleaning up the liquid and warning patrons of its presence.

A hearing on the motions for summary judgment was held on October

29, 2018. On January 28, 2019, the district court granted Brookshire’s

motion for summary judgment, denied Ms. Green’s motion, and dismissed

her claims with prejudice. The district court found that Brookshire exercised

reasonable care by placing the cone within a couple of minutes after the spill

took place. Based off its viewing of the surveillance video, the district court

stated, “The cone in my opinion was very visible from all directions[.]”

Ms. Green now appeals the district court’s ruling.

DISCUSSION

Ms. Green seeks review of the district court’s ruling regarding the

motion for summary judgment. She argues the district court erred in

granting Brookshire’s motion for summary judgment.

Ms. Green claims that the spill was 7 to 10 feet long. She argues that

Brookshire failed to timely clean up the spill, violated its written policies

and procedures, failed to secure the hazardous area, and failed to warn

patrons of the hazardous conditions. She argues that while the store

manager’s affidavit states an employee was placed near the spill to verbally

warn customers, the video does not indicate the employee warned anyone of

the spill. Additionally, Ms. Green argues that the single warning cone was

not adequate to properly warn the patrons of the store and protect the
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shoppers from risk of injury.1 Finally, Ms. Green argues that Brookshire

failed to exercise reasonable care by failing to immediately clean up the area

in accordance with its accident prevention policy. She asserts that had the

employee simply used paper towels to absorb the liquid, the accident would

not have occurred. While Ms. Green acknowledges that the time delay in

cleaning up was not long, she argues the time delay was crucial for this case

because had the employee acted immediately, the event could have been

avoided.

Brookshire argues that there is no genuine issue of material fact. It

points out that the district court stated that the tall yellow warning cone was

a “pretty tall cone, not the regular little cone we normally see, plainly visible

from any direction[.]” Brookshire also argues the video shows that two

cones were placed before paper towels were retrieved. Brookshire asserts

that this Court has previously found that the placement of a single warning

cone is in the exercise of reasonable care.

A de novo standard of review is required when an appellate court

considers rulings on motions for summary judgment, and the appellate court

uses the same criteria that governed the district court’s determination of

whether summary judgment was appropriate. Sepulvado v. Travelers Ins. -

Charter Oak Fire Ins. Co., 52,415 (La. App. 2 Cir. 11/8/18), 261 So. 3d 980.

A court must grant a motion for summary judgment if the motion,

memorandum, and supporting documents show that there is no genuine issue

1
Although the video indicates the manager initially places a cone several aisles
away, Ms. Green’s arguments revolve around the cone placed beside the pallet in the area
in which she fell.
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as to a material fact and that the mover is entitled to judgment as a matter of

law. La. C.C.P. art. 966.

A fact is material if it potentially ensures or precludes recovery,

affects a litigant’s ultimate success, or determines the outcome of the legal

dispute. A genuine issue of material fact is one as to which reasonable

persons could disagree; if reasonable persons could reach only one

conclusion, there is no need for trial on that issue and summary judgment is

appropriate. Jackson v. City of New Orleans, 12-2742 (La. 1/28/14), 144 So.

3d 876, cert. denied, U.S., 135 S. Ct. 197, 190 L. Ed. 2d 130 (2014);

Marioneaux v. Marioneaux, 52,212 (La. App. 2 Cir. 8/15/18), 254

So. 3d 13. In determining whether an issue is genuine, a court should not

consider the merits, make credibility determinations, evaluate testimony, or

weigh evidence. Marioneaux, supra; Chanler v. Jamestown Ins. Co., 51,320

(La. App. 2 Cir. 5/17/17), 223 So. 3d 614, writ denied, 17-01251 (La.

10/27/17), 228 So. 3d 1230.

The burden of proof rests with the mover. Nevertheless, if the mover

will not bear the burden of proof at trial on the issue that is before the court

on the motion for summary judgment, the mover’s burden on the motion

does not require him to negate all essential elements of the adverse party’s

claim, action, or defense, but rather to point out to the court the absence of

factual support for one or more elements essential to the adverse party’s

claim, action, or defense. The burden is on the adverse party to produce

factual support sufficient to establish the existence of a genuine issue of

material fact or that the mover is not entitled to judgment as a matter of law.

La. C.C.P. art. 966(D)(1).

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Ms. Green’s claim is based on La. R.S. 9:2800.6, which provides, in

pertinent part:

A. A merchant owes a duty to persons who use his premises to
exercise reasonable care to keep his aisles, passageways, and
floors in a reasonably safe condition. This duty includes a
reasonable effort to keep the premises free of any hazardous
conditions which reasonably might give rise to damage.

B. In a negligence claim brought against a merchant by a person
lawfully on the merchant’s premises for damages as a result of
an injury, death, or loss sustained because of a fall due to a
condition existing in or on a merchant’s premises, the claimant
shall have the burden of proving, in addition to all other
elements of his cause of action, all of the following:

(1) The condition presented an unreasonable risk of harm to the
claimant and that risk of harm was reasonably foreseeable.

(2) The merchant either created or had actual or constructive
notice of the condition which caused the damage, prior to the
occurrence.

(3) The merchant failed to exercise reasonable care. In
determining reasonable care, the absence of a written or verbal
uniform cleanup or safety procedure is insufficient, alone, to
prove failure to exercise reasonable care.

It is undisputed that Brookshire had actual knowledge of the spill

prior to Ms. Green falling and that the spill created an unreasonable risk of

harm that was reasonably foreseeable. Ms. Green is arguing the granting of

the motion for summary judgment was improper because Brookshire failed

to exercise reasonable care.

Ms. Green and Brookshire both cite Myles v. Brookshire, 29,100 (La.

App. 2 Cir. 1/22/97), 687 So. 2d 668. In Myles, a store patron slipped on a

water spill located near a support pole between checkout registers. The spill

had been left on the ground for around 15 minutes before being cleaned.

During those 15 minutes, the store employees placed a wet floor sign on the

outside edge of the wet area, which was about one foot from the pole and

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across from the bread aisle. This Court found that the defendant was liable

for damages to the plaintiff because the warning cone was not observable.

This Court reasoned that the pole and display racks obscured the plaintiff’s

view of the sign. We find the conditions in Myles to be similar to the case

before us.

In this case, we have the benefit of a video of the entire incident. We

have carefully reviewed the video and affidavit of the Brookshire’s manager.

The video shows that a Brookshire’s employee placed a warning cone near

two pallets. As Ms. Green was walking through the store aisle, it is arguable

that she was looking up at products at the end of the aisle. Further, it is

arguable that the cone’s visibility could have been obstructed by the pallets.

The other warning cone was placed several aisles away from the initial spill

site. Given the distance between the cones and the placement of the single

cone near the initial spill site, there is a genuine issue of material fact as to

whether these cones were sufficient to properly warn the store patrons of the

spill. Furthermore, it is arguable that the store employee failed to properly

warn Ms. Green of the wet floor. There is a genuine issue as to whether

Brookshire exercised reasonable care.

Brookshire also cites Rowell v. Hollywood Casino Shreveport, 43,306

(La. App. 2 Cir. 9/24/08), 996 So. 2d 476. In Rowell, the plaintiff slipped

and fell in the women’s bathroom on the Hollywood Casino gaming level.

The plaintiff testified that the first two stalls were occupied and the third

stall door had a wet floor sign in the stall behind a closed stall door.

According to the plaintiff, she did not notice the wet floor until after she fell.

There, the court held that the plaintiff failed to show a genuine issue of

material fact. This Court reasoned that there was no genuine issue of
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material fact because the plaintiff acknowledged that she saw the warning

cone. Brookshire argues that Rowell indicates that a warning cone is an

exercise of reasonable care. However, Rowell is distinguishable from the

case before this Court. In Rowell, the plaintiff admitted that she saw the

warning cone. Here, Ms. Green has stated that she did not see the warning

cone. Thus, there is a genuine issue of material fact in this case that did not

exist in Rowell.

The video evidence provided by the parties indicates that the warning

cone placed by Brookshire may have been obscured by two pallets. Ms.

Green may not have seen the warning cone and the Brookshire’s employee

may not have warned Ms. Green of the spill. The trial court discounted Ms.

Green’s testimony in her affidavit even though it could arguably be

corroborated by the video evidence. After viewing the video evidence and

reading the affidavits, and pursuant to our de novo review, we find that

reasonable persons could disagree as to whether Brookshire exercised

reasonable care responding to the spill. As such, we agree with Ms. Green

that summary judgment was improperly granted in favor of Brookshire and

that genuine issues of material fact exist.

Ms. Green also argued that the trial court improperly denied her

motion for summary judgment. As stated above, we have found that

genuine issues of material fact exist. As such, the granting of Ms. Green’s

motion for summary judgment would be improper.

CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, we respectfully reverse the judgment of the

district court granting summary judgment in favor of Brookshire Food

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Company. We remand the case to the district court for further proceedings.

Costs of this appeal are assessed to the appellee, Brookshire.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

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