Cassie Mae Rogers v. City of Bossier City

Judgment rendered January 15, 2025.
Application for rehearing may be filed
within the delay allowed by Art. 2166,
La. C.C.P.

No. 56,117-CA

COURT OF APPEAL
SECOND CIRCUIT
STATE OF LOUISIANA

*****

CASSIE MAE ROGERS Plaintiff-Appellee

versus

CITY OF BOSSIER CITY Defendant-Appellee

*****

Appealed from the
Twenty-Sixth Judicial District Court for the
Parish of Bossier, Louisiana
Trial Court No. 173,849

Honorable Allen Parker Self, Jr., Judge

*****

KOLB LAW FIRM, LLC Counsel for Defendants-
By: Andrew C. Kolb Appellants, David
Montgomery, Don
“Bubba” Williams,
Jeffrey “Jeff” Darby,
Jeff Free, and Vince
Maggio

HARPER LAW FIRM, APLC Counsel for Defendants-
By: Jerald R. Harper Appellees, City of
Anne E. Wilkes Bossier City, Chris
Smith, and Brian
Hammons

LAW OFFICE YVES M. VERRET, III Counsel for Intervenor-
By: Yves M. Verret, III Appellee, Edward
Charles Jacobs

DANNIE P. GARRETT, III Counsel for Plaintiff-
Appellee, Cassie Mae
Rogers

*****

Before STEPHENS, HUNTER, and ELLENDER, JJ.

HUNTER, J.

Defendants, five members of the City Council for the City of Bossier

City, appeal the issuance of a writ of mandamus ordering the Bossier City

Council to call an election on a proposition to amend the City Charter. For

the following reasons, we affirm.

FACTS

On July 8, 2024, Stephanie B. Agee, the Registrar of Voters for

Bossier Parish (“the Registrar”), was presented with a “Petition for a Special

Election for Term Limits for Bossier City Council and Bossier City Mayor.”

The petition requested an election on a proposition to amend the Bossier

City Charter to provide for term limits for the City’s Mayor and members of

the City Council, and it was signed by a number of registered voters residing

in the City of Bossier City (“the City”).1 The proposition also called for the

matter to be placed on the ballot for the November 5, 2024 election.

According to the Bossier City Charter, the petition was required to be

signed “by electors equal in number to thirty-three percent of the votes cast

for all candidates for Mayor at the last preceding contested general election.”

A total of 3,582 names were submitted with the petition for verification, and

based on the number of votes cast in the last preceding Mayoral election, the

petition required at least 2,715 verifiable signatures. Ultimately, the

Registrar accepted and certified 2,982 of the signatures submitted. Thus, the

petition met the requirements provided by the Bossier City Charter for the

calling of an election.

1
The proposed amendments called for a maximum of three terms for the offices
of Mayor and councilmembers, with all terms served prior to January 1, 2024, to be
counted in determining whether an officer had reached the maximum number of terms.

On July 24, 2024, a petition proposing an election to amend the City

Charter was delivered to the City. At a meeting held on August 13, 2024,

the City Attorney advised councilmembers the petition was in the proper

form and contained the requisite number of signatures required by the City

Charter. Nevertheless, the Bossier City Council (“the City Council”)

rejected a resolution calling an election.2

On August 16, 2024, Cassie Mae Rogers, a registered voter in Bossier

Parish and one of the signatories on the petition proposing the amendment,

filed a “Petition for Writ of Mandamus.” Plaintiff requested a writ of

mandamus be issued ordering the City Council to call an election to present

to the voters a proposition to amend the City Charter relative to term limits

for the Mayor and members of the City Council. More specifically, plaintiff

prayed:

Petitioner prays that an Alternative Writ of Mandamus issue,
ordering the City of Bossier City to act on or before August 27,
2024[3] to call an election to be held on December 7, 2024 for
submission of the amendments to the City Charter proposed
through the Petition certified by the Registrar of Voters and
delivered to the City on July 26, 2024, and to take all such
ministerial actions required to facilitate the calling and conduct
of that election, or to appear and show cause why it should not
be ordered to do so.

Subsequently, plaintiff amended the petition to add as defendants the

members of the City Council, David Montgomery, Chris Smith, Brian

Hammons, Jeffrey “Jeff” Darby, Don “Bubba” Williams, Jeff Free, and

Vince Maggio.

2
Two City Councilmembers voted to call the special election; however, the
remaining five Councilmembers, who are the appellants, opposed it.
3
On August 27, 2024, the City Council held another meeting and again rejected
the request for a resolution to call an election.
2

Williams, Darby, Free, Maggio, and Montgomery (“defendants”),

filed an answer, a dilatory exception of prematurity, a peremptory exception

of no cause of action, and affirmative defenses.4 Defendants argued the

petition was premature because a City Council meeting was scheduled for

September 10, 2024, and the matter could be addressed at that time. They

also argued plaintiff’s petition failed to state a valid cause of action because

the proposed amendment to the Charter was invalid on its face, as the

proposed date for the election was incorrect and the amendment, if passed,

would shorten the terms of the current councilmembers.

The City, through its Mayor in his executive and administrative

capacity, filed an answer and a memorandum in support of plaintiff’s

petition in opposition to defendants’ filing. More specifically, the City

supported the issuance of a writ of mandamus and opposed the City

Council’s refusal to call an election as mandated by the City Charter. The

City described the defendants’ actions as “self-interested” and argued the

defendants’ claim that the amendment will shorten the current City

Councilmembers’ terms is “false and unsupportable,” and even if accurate,

would not serve as a basis for refusing to comply with the City Charter.

A hearing was conducted on September 6, 2024, during which the

Registrar testified her office reviewed the petition of electors. She identified

a copy of the proposed amendments which had been submitted to her office

for verification of voters’ signatures, and she testified the propositions were

signed by the requisite number of voters in Bossier City and in accordance

4
The two remaining Councilmembers, Hammons and Smith, filed a separate
answer to the amended petition.

3

with the City Charter. The Registrar further stated she retained a copy of the

submitted proposals and returned the originals to the person who submitted

them. The Registrar unequivocally testified the number of signatures

required were “accepted and certified” by her office.5

On September 9, 2024, the district court issued an “Opinion/Order”

granting mandamus relief and ordering the “City of Bossier City and the

City Council of the City of Bossier City to perform its

nondiscretionary/mandatory duty of calling an election to submit to the

voters the proposed propositions which would serve to amend the City

Charter as proposed in this petition.” The district court also ordered the

“defendants to take all such ministerial actions required to facilitate the

calling and conducting of the required election.”6

Defendants appeal.

DISCUSSION

Defendants contend the district court erred in issuing the writ of

mandamus and ordering the City Council to call an election. Defendants

argue as follows: (1) plaintiff failed to submit the actual petition of electors

into evidence during the rule to show cause; (2) plaintiff failed to prove the

petition of electors containing the proposed ordinance was actually

submitted to the City Council as required by the City Charter; (3) the City

Council has the discretion to “decline to send an invalid ordinance to

election”; (4) the “erroneous date” of the election invalidated the proposed

5
The actual petition of electors with the signatures was not presented during the
Registrar’s testimony to be authenticated in open court, and it was not submitted into
evidence.
6
The district court did not specify when the matter should be placed on a ballot.

4

ordinance; (5) the proposed charter amendments contained in the proposed

ordinance violated La. R.S. 33:3395.6; and (6) the trial court erred in finding

evidence regarding voter turnout for November versus December elections

in Presidential years is irrelevant.

A writ of mandamus may be issued in all cases where the law

provides no relief by ordinary means or where the delay involved in

obtaining ordinary relief may cause injustice. La C.C.P. art. 3862. A writ of

mandamus may be directed to a public officer to compel the performance of

a ministerial duty required by law. La. C.C.P. art. 3863. A ministerial duty

is a duty in which no element of discretion is left to the public officer. It is a

simple, definite duty, arising under conditions admitted or proved to exist,

and imposed by law. Hoag v. State, 04-0857 (La. 12/1/04), 889 So. 2d

1019.

Mandamus is an extraordinary remedy to be applied where the law

provides no relief by ordinary means or where the delay involved in

obtaining ordinary relief may cause injustice. Hoag v. State, supra. A trial

court’s findings of fact in a mandamus proceeding are subject to a manifest

error standard of review. Cooley v. Williams, 22-0564 (La. App. 4 Cir.

1/30/23), 358 So. 3d 127, writ denied, 23-00289 (La. 4/25/23), 359 So. 3d

978. However, where statutory interpretation is at issue in mandamus

proceedings, appellate courts apply a de novo standard of review. Town of

Sterlington v. Greater Ouachita Water Co., 52,482 (La. App. 2 Cir.

4/10/19), 268 So. 3d 1257, writ denied, 19-00913 (La. 9/24/19), 279 So. 3d

386, and writ denied, 19-00717 (La. 9/24/19), 279 So. 3d 931.

5

A home rule charter shall be adopted, amended, or repealed when

approved by a majority of the electors voting thereon at an election held for

that purpose. La. Const. art. VI, § 5(C). Further, La. R.S. 33:1395.4

provides:

A. The method and frequency of amending the charter may be
provided in said charter and the charter may provide a
procedure by which the local governing authority or resident of
the municipality or parish may propose changes in the charter.
Notwithstanding the provisions of R.S. 33:1395(A), in addition,
any parish or municipality may amend an existing home rule
charter either by amendments proposed by the charter
commission or by amendments proposed by the governing
body.

B. The proposed changes in the charter shall be approved by a
majority of the electors of the municipalities or parish as
provided by Article VI, Section 5 of the Louisiana Constitution
of 1974.

Home Rule Charter provisions are interpreted according to rules of

statutory interpretation. Council of City of New Orleans v. Donation, 23-

01106 (La. 3/22/24), 382 So. 3d 27; Montgomery v. St. Tammany Parish

Gov’t, by and through St. Tammany Parish Council, 17-1811 (La. 6/27/18),

319 So. 3d 209. Rules of statutory interpretation require a court to give

words “their generally prevailing meaning,” and, when such meanings

render a law “clear and unambiguous,” “the law should be applied as written

and no further interpretation may be made in search of the intent of the

legislature.” La. C.C. arts. 9, 11.

In the instant case, Chapter 21 of the Bossier City Charter sets forth

the requirements for amendments to the Charter. Pursuant to Section

21.01(b), amendments to the City Charter may be proposed “by petition of

6

electors of the City as outlined in Section 5.01, signed, examined, amended

and certified.”7 Section 21.04 provides:

[I]f any amendment is proposed by petition of electors, the
City Council shall submit the same to the electors of the City
at a special election to be called no less than ninety (90) nor
more than one hundred twenty (120) days after the receipt of
the registrar’s certificate of sufficiency, if authorized by state
law, or if not on the next date so authorized. Any number of
proposed amendments to this Charter may be submitted at any
such general municipal election.

The starting point for the interpretation of any statute is the language

of the statute itself. Auricchio v. Harriston, 20-01167 (La. 10/10/21), 332

So. 3d 660; Dejoie v. Medley, 08-2223 (La. 5/5/09), 9 So. 3d 826. When a

statute is clear and unambiguous and its application does not lead to absurd

consequences, the provision must be applied as written, with no further

interpretation made in search of the legislature’s intent. Id.; La. Civ. Code

art. 9; La. R.S. 1:4.

The clear and unambiguous language of Section 21.04 of the Bossier

City Charter states when an amendment is proposed by petition of electors,

7
Section 5.01 is entitled “Initiating ordinance: Referendum for amendment or
repeal. It provides as follows:

Any proposed ordinance may be submitted to the City Council by
petition signed by electors equal in number to thirty-three (33) percent of
the votes cast for all candidates for Mayor at the last preceding contested
general election. Where the petition contains a request that the ordinance
be submitted to a vote of the people, if not passed without veto by the
City Council, the City Council shall either pass without veto the
ordinance without alteration within thirty (30) days after attachment of
the certificate of the registrar of voters to the petition; or forthwith after
the registrar of voters has attached his/her certificate to the petition, the
City Council shall call an election to be held within ninety (90) days
thereafter. At the special or general City election, the ordinance shall be
submitted without alteration to the vote of the electors of the City. When
voting upon the ordinance, the ballots used shall contain these words:
“For the ordinance” (stating the nature of the proposed ordinance);
“Against the ordinance” (stating the nature of the proposed ordinance).
The ordinance shall become operative if a majority of the votes are in
favor of it. The Mayor shall have no power to veto an ordinance so
passed.

7

the City Council shall submit the same to the electors of the City at a

special election. In Auricchio, supra, the Louisiana Supreme Court stated:

The word ‘shall’ is mandatory. La. R.S. 1:3. Under well-
established rules of interpretation, the word “shall” excludes the
possibility of being “optional” or even subject to “discretion,”
but instead means “imperative, of similar effect and import with
the word ‘must.’ ” Louisiana Fed’n of Tchrs. v. State, 2013-
0120 (La. 5/7/13), 118 So. 3d 1033, 1051.

Id., at 663.

In the instant case, in issuing the writ of mandamus, the trial

court stated:

[W]hen a duly certified proposition is proposed by the electors
which is not invalid the wording of the Charter itself seems to
impose a mandatory duty on the Council by utilizing the word
“shall.”

We agree. Notwithstanding the Charter’s mandate to call an election

“if any amendment is proposed by petition of electors” the City Council

twice refused present the proposal to the voters. 8

Defendants rely on the ruling in Goudeau v. Avoyelles Parish Police

Jury, 23-398 (La. App. 3 Cir. 7/7/23), 368 So. 3d 767, to support their claim

that plaintiff was required to introduce the electors’ petition into evidence at

8
Defendants’ refusal to call an election may be construed as malfeasance in
office. La. R.S. 14:134 provides:

Malfeasance in office is committed when any public officer or public
employee shall:

(1) Intentionally refuse or fail to perform any duty lawfully required of
him, as such officer or employee; or
***
(3) Knowingly permit any other public officer or public employee, under
his authority, to intentionally refuse or fail to perform any duty lawfully
required of him, or to perform any such duty in an unlawful manner.

8

the hearing. In Goudeau, the plaintiff filed a petition for a writ of

mandamus, alleging the police jury failed to call an election after a petition

to elect a home rule charter commission was presented. The Registrar of

Voters verified that the petition submitted contained the requisite number of

signatures. The police jury challenged the validity of the signatures

collected and filed a third-party demand against the Registrar of Voters. The

court of appeal concluded the plaintiff’s failure to introduce the petitions

into the record was fatal to his petition for a writ of mandamus. The court

stated:

[La. R.S. 33:1395] requires that the governing authority must
be presented with a petition for the election of a home rule
charter commission . . . signed by not less than ten percent of
the electors within the boundaries of the affected municipality
or parish as certified by the registrar of voters. The letter of
certification of the Registrar of Voters is insufficient to meet
this burden of proof – the petitions themselves are a necessary
element of proof for [the plaintiff] to show that he is entitled to
the relief he seeks. We find, therefore, that the trial court legally
erred when it made the Writ of Mandamus peremptory.

We find Goudeau is distinguishable from the instant case. Unlike the

defendant in Goudeau, defendants herein have not challenged the validity of

the electors’ signatures or the Registrar of Voters’ certification.

Additionally, during her testimony, the Registrar of Voters identified a copy

of the proposals which were submitted to her office for verification. She

also explained the process her office utilized for verifying and certifying the

voters’ names and qualifications, and she testified the signatures submitted

to her for verification had been certified by her office. The Registrar’s

testimony was uncontroverted.

Further, notwithstanding defendants’ argument that plaintiff failed to

prove the electors’ petition containing the proposed ordinance to the City
9

Council, it was undisputed in the lower court that the propositions were

submitted to the City Council on two separate occasions. Both times, the

propositions were considered and rejected. Had the petition not been

presented, it is unlikely this matter would be before this Court. In well-

reasoned opinion below, the trial court stated:

[T]here exists no dispute that the petitions had been duly
certified, and no issue was raised via answer or by affirmative
defense regarding the validity of any of those signatures so
certified by the Registrar of Voters that would call into question
the petition’s existence, sufficiency or certification. A copy of
the petition which the registrar was requested to certify is
maintained in her office as a public record.

This argument lacks merit.

We decline to address defendants’ remaining arguments. Defendants’

alleged concerns regarding an “erroneous date,” voter turnout numbers, and

disruption of current terms are not valid reasons for the City Council to

refuse to place before the electorate proposed amendments to the City

Charter which have been properly submitted by petition. Pursuant to the

clear language of the City Charter, the propositions must be placed before

voters in an election, and we decline to interfere in the legislative process by

deciding, before adoption, that these proposed amendments would be invalid

if adopted. 9

We find the trial court did not err in granting the writ of mandamus

and ordering the Bossier City Council to call an election as mandated by its

Charter. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

9
Should voters decide to reject the amendments, then the questions regarding
their validity would be moot. Conversely, should the electorate adopt the amendments,
the opponents will have ample opportunity to challenge their validity in the courts before
the amendments become effect.

10

CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s judgment is affirmed.

Costs of the appeal, in the amount of $331.00, are assessed to defendants,

Don “Bubba” Williams, Jeffrey “Jeff” Darby, Jeff Free, Vince Maggio, and

David Montgomery.

AFFIRMED.

11