Gerard Simon and Monica Simon v. Francois Lacoste

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

05-550

GERARD SIMON AND MONICA SIMON

VERSUS

FRANCOIS LACOSTE, ET AL.

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APPEAL FROM THE
FIFTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF LAFAYETTE, NO. 20015906
HONORABLE MARILYN CARR CASTLE, DISTRICT JUDGE

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MARC T. AMY
JUDGE

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Court composed of Jimmie C. Peters, Marc T. Amy, and Elizabeth A. Pickett, Judges.

AFFIRMED AS AMENDED.

John W. Penny, Jr.
Post Office Box 2187
Lafayette, LA 70502
(337) 231-1955
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANTS/APPELLEES:
Allstate Insurance Company
Francois Lacoste
Abdon Callais Offshore, LLC

Carl J. Castille
Post Office Box 92404
Lafayette, LA 70509-2404
(337) 896-9656
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFFS/APPELLANTS:
Gerard Simon
Monica Simon

AMY, Judge.

The plaintiffs filed suit, seeking damages for injuries resulting from an

automobile accident. After the defendants’ liability for the accident was established,

the issue of damages proceeded to trial. A jury awarded only a portion of the medical

expenses claimed and damages for past, present, and future mental anguish, pain and

suffering. The jury did not award any damages for the separate claim for loss of

enjoyment of life or for the loss of consortium claim. The plaintiffs appeal. For the

following reasons, we affirm as amended.

Factual and Procedural Background

Gerard Simon alleges injuries as a result of a July 2, 2001 automobile accident.

He contends that he was traveling on Interstate 10 when his Jeep Cherokee was struck

by the Ford F-150 truck operated by Francois Lacoste, an employee of Abdon Callais

Offshore. Mr. Simon contends that the accident occurred after Mr. Lacoste fell asleep

at the wheel.

Mr. Simon did not feel that he was injured on the day of the accident. He

explained, however, that he telephoned his family physician a few days later, after he

began to experience pain. He described the pain as lower pelvic pain, back pain, neck

pain, and left arm numbness. Mr. Simon stated that, after the medication prescribed

by the physician was unsuccessful, he began treatment with a chiropractor, Dr.

Tiffany Pratt. He explained that he saw Dr. Pratt for approximately a month before

relocating to Houston, Texas.

After his move to Houston, Mr. Simon began treating with another

chiropractor, Dr. Herbert Shapiro. After a period of time, Mr. Simon was referred to

Dr. Jeffrey Jackson, a neurologist. Dr. Jackson first examined Mr. Simon in October

2001 and ultimately diagnosed thoracic outlet syndrome. Dr. Jackson prescribed

physical therapy. By April 2002, Dr. Jackson reported that Mr. Simon was slowly

making progress. Mr. Simon saw Dr. Jackson for two final visits in May 2003 and

June 2004.

Mr. Simon and his wife, Monica Simon, filed suit in November 2001, naming

Mr. Lacoste, Abdon Callas Offshore, LLC, and Allstate Insurance Company as

defendants. The defendants’ liability for the accident was eventually established by

summary judgment. The plaintiffs’ claim for damages proceeded to trial, with a jury

finding that Mr. Simon sustained injuries as a result of accident. The jury awarded

$10,000.00 for past medical expenses and $5,000.00 for “past, present and future

mental anguish, pain and suffering[.]” The jury made no award for the separate claim

for loss of enjoyment of life.1 The jury denied Mrs. Simon’s claim for loss of

consortium. The plaintiffs subsequently filed a motion for judgment notwithstanding

the verdict and/or, alternatively, new trial. The trial court denied this motion.

The plaintiffs appeal, seeking an increase in the awards for past medical

expenses and general damages. The plaintiffs also contend that the jury erred in

failing to award damages for loss of consortium and in affording more weight to the

defendants’ choice of physician than to Mr. Simon’s treating physician. Finally, the

plaintiffs contend that the above-asserted errors reveal that the trial court should have

granted their motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict and/or new trial.

Discussion

Medical Expenses

Mr. Simon sought approximately $30,000.00 in past medical expenses. In

addition to the treatment by Mr. Simon’s treating neurologist, Dr. Jackson, the

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The jury also awarded $1,112.00 dollars on the plaintiff’s claim for property damage, an
issue not contested on appeal.

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medical bills introduced into evidence indicate chiropractic care, physical therapy,

and massage therapy. The defendants argued that Mr. Simon suffered only from a

soft tissue injury that had primarily resolved by 2002. Thus, the defendants argued

that fees incurred after this point should not be awarded and that much of the

chiropractic care and massage therapy should also not be awarded. The jury awarded

$10,000.00 in past medical expenses. Mr. Simon contends that this award was

abusively low and seeks an increase to the amount claimed.

As explained in Este’ v. State Farm Insurance Co., 96-99 (La.App. 3 Cir.

7/10/96), 676 So.2d 850, a plaintiff may recover past medical expenses incurred due

to injury. However, the plaintiff bears the burden of proving “that, more probable

than not, the medical treatment was necessitated by trauma suffered in the accident.”

Id. at 857. Furthermore, when a plaintiff alleges that medical expenses were incurred

“and that allegation is supported by a bill, unless there is sufficient contradictory

evidence or reasonable suspicion that the bill is unrelated to the accident, it is

sufficient to support the inclusion of that item in the judgment.” Id. A factfinder errs

if it fails to award the full amount of medical expenses incurred as a result of the

accident and proven by a preponderance of the evidence. Revel v. Snow, 95-462

(La.App. 3 Cir. 11/2/95), 664 So.2d 655, writ denied, 95-2820 (La. 2/2/96), 666

So.2d 1084. This rule is applicable unless the claimed expenses were incurred in bad

faith. Id. See also Koehn v. Rhodes, 38,941 (La.App. 2 Cir. 9/24/04), 882 So.2d 757;

Alexander v. Ford, 03-887 (La.App. 5 Cir. 1/27/04), 866 So.2d 890; Spangler v. Wal-

Mart Stores, Inc., 95-2044 (La.App. 1 Cir. 5/10/96), 673 So.2d 676, writs denied, 96-

1407, 96-1450 (La. 9/27/96), 679 So.2d 1353.

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Our review of the record indicates that the jury erred in its award of $10,000.00

in medical expenses. The jury’s award of damages evidences its acceptance that the

accident caused an injury, albeit of a less severe injury than asserted by Mr. Simon.

The jury was free to reject Mr. Simon’s treating physician’s diagnosis of thoracic

outlet syndrome and also to reject the assertion that this condition would be a problem

for the plaintiff in the future. However, even the defendants’ examining physician,

Dr. Stephen Goldware, recognized that Mr. Simon sustained injury. Dr. Goldware,

a neurosurgeon, examined the Mr. Simon in October 2003 and explained that he

suffered from a cervical strain and a mild irritation of the ulnar nerve on the left side.

He denied that Mr. Simon suffered permanent nerve damage.

Although the defendants suggested to the jury that Mr. Simon should have

ceased medical treatment earlier than he did or that massage and chiropractic care

were perhaps excessive, there is no indication that the expenses were incurred in bad

faith.2 We also note that, although the defendants question the expenses associated

with chiropractic care and massage therapy as not having been recommended by a

physician, correspondence from Dr. Jackson to Mr. Simon’s chiropractor dated

October 8, 2001 reveals Dr. Jackson’s observation that Mr. Simon would be

continuing with both chiropractic care and massage therapy. Mr. Simon also testified

regarding the treatment he received and presented the associated medical

documentation. Finally, there is no “sufficient contradictory evidence or reasonable

2
The defendants assert that Mr. Simon’s injury was resolving by 2002 and that expenses
after that point should not be awarded. Although the record indicates that Mr. Simon was improving
by that time, he was not released by Dr. Jackson until May 2003. It is significant to note that the
expenses incurred after December 2002, comprise only a fraction of the total expenses incurred. A
reduction based on this argument does not account for the percentage of expenses awarded by the
jury. Further, the defendants’ physician, Dr. Goldware, did not examine Mr. Simon until October
2003. His statements indicate acceptance that Mr. Simon’s condition had not resolved at that point.
Although Dr. Goldware expressed optimism regarding Mr. Simon’s prognosis, his testimony
indicated acceptance that Mr. Simon’s condition had not resolved at the time of the examination.

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suspicion that the bill[s] [are] unrelated to the accident[.]” Este’, 676 So.2d at 857.

Accordingly, the jury erred in failing to award the expenses proven to have been

related to the accident.

Finding the jury’s award in error, we amend the judgment to award those

expenses that the record establishes were related to the accident. The majority of the

expenses sought are supported by the documentation entered into evidence. The

notable exceptions are two separate $525.00 payments to Therapy Supply House, for

which there is no testimony, notation, or invoice indicating the nature of the

supplies/equipment for which payment was made. Thus, we increase the award for

past medical expenses to that proven in the record, $29,914.46.3

General Damages

Mr. Simon argues that the jury’s award of $5,000.00 in general damages is

inadequate and that this court should increase the award. Mr. Simon points out that

during the period in which he received treatment, he underwent a variety of tests and

epidural treatments. He also performed daily stretches. Mr. Simon contends that he

suffered daily neck pain and had over 200 health care provider visits.

A factfinder’s award of general damages is afforded great discretion on review.

Bryan v. City of New Orleans, 98-1263 (La. 1/20/99), 737 So.2d 696. Only in the

event that an award is “beyond that which a reasonable trier of fact could assess for

the effects of the particular injury to the particular plaintiff under the particular

circumstances that the appellate court should increase or reduce the award.” Youn v.

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This award is comprised of the following: MRI Diagnostic, $984.00; Doctor’s Surgical
Center, $2680.00; Genuine Touch Clinic, $3480.00; Greater Houston Anesthesiologist, $1176.20;
Houston Radiology Association, $74.00; Dr. Jeffrey Jackson, $2794.68; Dr. Michael McCann,
$434.18; Methodist Hospital, $449.91; Multisport Health Center, Inc., $1700.00; Pratt Family
Chiropractic, $1989.72; Prescriptions, $441.87; Dr. Herbert Shapiro, $4818.78; Spinal Therapy
Institute, $7692.20; Sugarland MRI & Diagnostics, $672.92; Therapy Supply House, $358.00;
Vascular Diagnostic Lab, $168.00.

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Maritime Overseas Corp., 623 So.2d 1257, 1261 (La.1993). After finding that a

general damages award is unreasonable, the appellate court is required to lower or

raise the award to the highest or lowest point that was within the trier of fact’s

discretion. Coco v. Winston Indus., Inc., 341 So.2d 332 (La.1976).

Although Mr. Simon requested a total of $490,000.00 in general damages

during closing arguments, the jury awarded only $5,000.00. This award evidences

a rejection of Mr. Simon’s account of the severity of his injury and the degree of

associated pain. Certainly the jury was not required to find that he suffered from pain

as described, that his activities were curtailed to the degree alleged, or that

recommended stretching exercises were as burdensome as asserted. While the jury

was not required to accept Mr. Simon’s testimony regarding the extent of his pain or

disruption in his life, the evidence demonstrates that, in the least, the plaintiff suffered

a soft tissue injury lasting over two years. Dr. Goldware explained that with regard

to future activities, he would advise the plaintiff “to be a little careful with [h]is neck

and to exercise but not overdo it until he got over his soft tissue complaints.” He

denied that there were specific restrictions, but stated that he would tell him to be

“moderate and graceful.” Given evidence of a soft tissue injury that lasted in excess

of two years and the treatments administered, including epidural treatments, we find

that the jury’s award of $5,000.00 is abusively low.

After review of the record in light of the standard set forth in Coco, 341 So.2d

332, we conclude that $15,000.00 is the lowest point that was within the jury’s

discretion. Accordingly, we raise the award of general damages to $15,000.00.

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Weight Afforded Physician’s Testimony

Inherent in the above discussion regarding general damages is a recognition

that the jury was able to afford more weight to the testimony of the defendants’

choice of physician, Dr. Goldware, over that of Mr. Simon’s treating physician, Dr.

Jackson. In a separate assignment of error, Mr. Simon asserts that the jury erred in

doing so, noting Dr. Jackson’s long-term treatment of him and his expertise in the

field. However, this type of factual determination and weighing of the evidence is

clearly within the province of the trier of fact. See Miller v. Clout, 03-91 (La.

10/21/03), 857 So.2d 458. Accordingly, this argument lacks merit.

Loss of Consortium

Next, the plaintiffs question the jury’s conclusion that Mrs. Simon did not

suffer a loss of consortium. The plaintiffs observe that they had been married only

a year and a half at the time of the accident and that Mrs. Simon testified as to

negative changes in her husband’s attitude after the accident. She further testified as

to the demands of his at-home stretching exercises. Given this testimony, the

plaintiffs seek an award for Mrs. Simon’s loss of consortium.

As explained in Mathews v. Dousay, 96-858 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1/15/97), 689

So.2d 503, 515, “[t]he compensable elements of damage in a claim for loss of

consortium include loss of society, sex, service, and support.” The consideration of

whether a party is entitled to damages for loss of consortium is a question of fact and,

accordingly, will not be overturned absent manifest error. Id.

Mrs. Simon explained that her husband became moody and irritable after the

accident. She also testified that she was concerned about the accumulating medical

expenses during his treatment. Although the jury would have been free to award Mrs.

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Simon damages for loss of consortium as a result of the accident, we do not conclude

that it was manifestly erroneous for it to have found that she failed to prove

entitlement to this type of recovery. In addition to the credibility determinations

inherent in the evaluation of Mrs. Simon’s testimony, we note that, although personal

injuries tend to decrease a party’s happiness, the burden of proving that a definite loss

occurred remains with the plaintiff. Mathews, 689 So.2d 503. We conclude that the

jury was not manifestly erroneous in finding that the plaintiffs failed to meet this

burden.

This assignment lacks merit.

DECREE

For the foregoing reasons, the judgment is amended to reflect a $29,914.46

award for past medical expenses and a $15,000.00 award for general damages. The

judgment is affirmed as amended. All costs of this proceeding are assessed to the

defendants, Francois Lacoste, Abdon Callais Offshore, LLC, and Allstate Insurance

Company.

AFFIRMED AS AMENDED.

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