Alice Moncrief v. Succession of Leslie Thomas Armstrong

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

05-1584

ALICE MONCRIEF

VERSUS

SUCCESSION OF LESLIE THOMAS ARMSTRONG

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APPEAL FROM THE
ELEVENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT,
PARISH OF SABINE, NO. 57,099,
HONORABLE CHARLES B. ADAMS, DISTRICT JUDGE

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JIMMIE C. PETERS
JUDGE

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Court composed of Chief Judge Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux and Judges Jimmie C.
Peters and J. David Painter.

AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND RENDERED.

David A. Rothell
Attorney at Law
400 Travis Street
Suite 1500
Shreveport, LA 71101
(318) 425-5252
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT:
Alice Moncrief

Robert E. Plummer
Attorney at Law
Post Office Box 839
Mansfield, LA 71052
(318) 872-3945
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT:
Succession of Leslie Thomas Armstrong

PETERS, J.

The plaintiff, Alice Moncrief, brought suit against the Succession of Leslie

Thomas Armstrong (Succession), seeking compensation for services rendered to Mr.

Armstrong before his death. The Succession answered her demands and reconvened

against her, seeking to recover certain sums it claims Ms. Moncrief improperly took

from Mr. Armstrong and/or his estate. After trial, the trial court rejected both the

principal demand and the reconventional demand, and both Ms. Moncrief and the

Succession have appealed. For the following reasons, we affirm the trial court’s

judgment rejecting Ms. Moncrief’s demand, reverse the trial court’s judgment

rejecting the Succession’s reconventional demand, and render judgment in favor of

the Succession and against Ms. Moncrief in the amount of $79,000.00.

DISCUSSION OF THE RECORD

Most of the underlying facts giving rise to this litigation are undisputed. In

April of 1998, Leslie Thomas Armstrong and his wife of forty years, Betty

Armstrong, divorced. Prior to their divorce, the couple had amassed a comfortable

estate, which they amicably divided. As a result of the property division, Mr.

Armstrong acquired, among other assets, immovable property situated in Gatesville,

Texas, and 250 shares of stock in A.L.M. Corporation, an Alaska pipeline company.1

In June of 1998, Mr. Armstrong and Ms. Moncrief began living together in

Mr. Armstrong’s Texas home. At that time, Mr. Armstrong had retired from a career

in pipeline construction work, mainly in Alaska, and Ms. Moncrief was employed as

a nurse’s aid. She remained employed for approximately one year after the couple

began living together.

1
Throughout the record, the parties refer to the “Alaska property” owned by Mr. Armstrong.
However, it is clear from the record that Mr. Armstrong owned no property in Alaska—he merely
owned stock in an Alaska Corporation.

In September of 1998, Mr. Armstrong sold his Texas property and purchased

a home on Toledo Bend Lake in Louisiana (sometimes hereinafter referred to as “the

lake property”), which had previously been owned by Ms. Moncrief’s father. The

couple resided together on the lake property until Mr. Armstrong’s death on

September 5, 2003. During the five years the couple resided on Toledo Bend Lake,

they traveled, fished on the lake, visited friends in both Louisiana and Texas, and

generally enjoyed life together. These activities occurred despite the fact that, within

one year after the couple began living together, Mr. Armstrong developed significant

health problems. Initially, Mr. Armstrong’s health problems related to his heart and

resulted in two surgeries—one in 2000 and another in 2001. However, soon after

developing heart difficulties, Mr. Armstrong was also diagnosed as suffering from

cancer. He underwent surgery in 2001 for the removal of a malignant tumor in his

lung and again in May of 2003 to remove a malignant tumor in his stomach. He lost

his battle with cancer on September 5, 2003.

Despite his numerous hospitalizations and subsequent recovery periods, Mr.

Armstrong maintained an active lifestyle, doing so even after being advised in the

summer of 2003 that his cancer was terminal. In fact, in early August of 2003, Mr.

Armstrong and Ms. Moncrief traveled to Alaska. However, while there, Mr.

Armstrong became seriously ill and was transported on August 29, 2003, by air

ambulance to the Christus Schumpert Hospital in Shreveport, Louisiana. Six days

later he died in that hospital.

After Mr. Armstrong’s last will and testament was submitted for probate, Ms.

Moncrief brought suit against the Succession,2 asserting that Mr. Armstrong had

2
Ms. Moncrief first filed a claim in the succession proceedings as a creditor. Thereafter, she
filed a separate claim against the succession, and the trial court consolidated these two actions.

2

promised to compensate her for services rendered to him during the years they lived

together. The Succession responded to the suit by filing an answer denying Ms.

Moncrief’s assertions and by filing a reconventional demand asserting that Ms.

Moncrief improperly obtained certain funds belonging to the estate. The two-day trial

on the merits began June 30, 2005. After completion of the evidence, the trial court

took the issues under advisement and, on September 1, 2005, filed written reasons for

judgment rejecting both the principal and reconventional demands. The trial court

executed a judgment to that effect on September 6, 2005, and these appeals followed.

OPINION

Ms. Moncrief’s Appeal

Mr. Armstrong executed his last will and testament on October 2, 1998, or

some four months after he and Ms. Moncrief began living together. He did not

mention Ms. Moncrief in that will. Instead, he named certain collateral relatives as

his sole heirs in the event of his death. Nevertheless, Ms. Moncrief claims that Mr.

Armstrong promised to compensate her for the services she rendered to him during

the time they lived together by leaving her all of his Louisiana and Alaska property

at his death. By her suit, she seeks to enforce that claim. She bases her right to

enforcement of the alleged promise on the decision in Succession of Joublanc, 199

La. 250, 5 So.2d 762, 764 (1941), wherein the supreme court stated:

One who renders valuable services to another on his promise that in his
will he will compensate to the extent of the value of the services the
party rendering them is entitled to collect their value from the succession
of the party for whom the services were rendered if he dies without
having fulfilled his promise.

There is no dispute but that Ms. Moncrief rendered valuable services to Mr.

Armstrong during the time they lived together. She basically performed all the duties

3

of a spouse, and, when Mr. Armstrong’s health difficulties incapacitated him, she

looked after his personal needs. Thus, the first question to be answered is whether

the services rendered by Ms. Moncrief were in exchange for a promise that she would

receive the Louisiana and Alaska property at Mr. Armstrong’s death. In an effort to

satisfy her burden of proof on this question, Ms. Moncrief testified and called seven3

other witnesses (Jane Thornton, Sherry Laverne Wilson, Steve Moncrief, Fannie Faye

Ortis, Sandra K. Cain, Laurie Rink, and Harry Dewayne Wilson) who testified

concerning the extent of Mr. Armstrong’s promises.4

Jane Thornton testified that she moved to Toledo Bend Lake in 2002, but had

known Mr. Armstrong since 1993. She visited Mr. Armstrong and Ms. Moncrief at

their Toledo Bend Lake home often and observed Ms. Moncrief’s activities in

cooking, keeping house, and caring for Mr. Armstrong’s personal needs. According

to Ms. Thornton, as early as 1999, Mr. Armstrong confided in her that he intended to

leave Ms. Moncrief the lake property and that he intended to set up a bank account

in Texas for her. With regard to the A.L.M. Corporation stock, Ms. Thornton

testified that, in a conversation which occurred just before the couple left for Alaska

in August of 2003, Mr. Armstrong told her that he wanted to leave that stock to Ms.

Moncrief because her son lived in Alaska and because “he owed it to her.”

Sherry Laverne Wilson is a hair dresser who lived on Toledo Bend Lake

adjacent to Mr. Armstrong and Ms. Moncrief from the time they moved to the lake

3
Ms. Moncrief actually called an eighth witness, Pat Angely. The Succession’s representative
objected to Ms. Angely’s testimony, and the trial court sustained the objection. Although her
testimony was proffered at trial, Ms. Moncrief has not assigned as error the trial court’s refusal to
allow Ms. Angely to testify. Therefore, her testimony cannot be considered.
4
Because she filed her claim within one year of Mr. Armstrong’s death, Ms. Moncrief was
able to avail herself of the parol evidence exception provided in La.R.S. 13:3721(1) and (4).
Recognizing her right to introduce parol evidence, the trial court freely admitted parol evidence
during the trial.

4

property until Mr. Armstrong’s death. According to Ms. Wilson, on two or three

occasions while she cut Mr. Armstrong’s hair, she and he discussed the need for Ms.

Moncrief to have financial security in the event of his death. The last occasion

occurred, according to Ms. Wilson, a few days before the couple left for Alaska in

August of 2003. Ms. Wilson testified that she broached the subject and told him: “I

just hope to God that Alice is taken care of if something happens to you.” According

to Ms. Wilson, Mr. Armstrong responded by stating, “[W]ell not yet but I can assure

you she will be when we get back [from Alaska].” According to Ms. Wilson, Mr.

Armstrong expressed his intention to give Ms. Moncrief the lake property and the

stock in the Alaska corporation.

Steve Moncrief lives in Alaska and is Ms. Moncrief’s son. He testified that he

traveled to Louisiana from Alaska the day before Mr. Armstrong’s death and was en

route to the hospital in Shreveport when he received a telephone call from Mr.

Armstrong asking him to run some errands for him. Pursuant to Mr. Armstrong’s

instructions, he immediately went back to the lake house and retrieved Mr.

Armstrong’s October 1998 will. The next morning he was en route to Shreveport

with the will when he received another telephone call informing him that Mr.

Armstrong had died.

Fannie Faye Ortis testified that she had known Mr. Armstrong for

approximately twenty years and had known Ms. Moncrief since 1965. She visited

with them often when they lived on the lake property, despite the fact that most of

that time she resided in Morgan City, Louisiana. Until his health began to fail, Mr.

Armstrong never discussed his personal business with Ms. Ortis. However, she

testified that, during a Labor Day 2001 visit, Mr. Armstrong confided in her that he

5

intended to provide for Ms. Moncrief. She credited her long-time, close friendship

with Ms. Moncrief as the reason he felt the need to share this information with her.

She testified that Mr. Armstrong repeated this comment to her in a telephone

conversation which occurred shortly before the couple traveled to Alaska for the last

time. According to Ms. Ortis, Mr. Armstrong assured her that, when he returned from

Alaska, he intended to see to it that she received whatever property he owned in

Louisiana and Alaska; the rest of his property, he intended to leave to his nieces and

nephews.

Sandra K. Cain of Gatesville, Texas, works as a deputy voter registrar and

deputy county clerk in the Coryell County Courthouse. She has known Mr.

Armstrong since 1988 and has considered him a good friend since 1994. She testified

that, shortly before the August 2003 Alaska trip, Mr. Armstrong telephoned her and

asked that she contact his Texas attorney, William Hix, and inform Mr. Hix that he

wanted to see Mr. Hix about changing his will. According to Ms. Cain, Mr.

Armstrong told her that he wanted to leave Ms. Moncrief his Louisiana and Alaska

property. Ms. Cain relayed this message to Mr. Hix, but Mr. Armstrong did not see

Mr. Hix before traveling to Alaska. She further testified that, upon hearing that Mr.

Armstrong was in the Shreveport hospital, she telephoned him and he again asked her

to call Mr. Hix and ask him to come to Shreveport. She relayed this message to Mr.

Hix, who informed her that he was not licensed to practice law in Louisiana and

would not be able to assist Mr. Armstrong. She then relayed that message to Mr.

Armstrong. The next time she telephoned the hospital, she was informed that Mr.

Armstrong had died.

6

Laurie Rink is a licensed practical nurse who had known Ms. Moncrief for

twenty years and Mr. Armstrong for seven or eight years. Ms. Rink recounted a May

2003 event where she, her fiancé, and Mr. Armstrong were fishing on Toledo Bend

Lake and Mr. Armstrong brought up the subject of Ms. Moncrief’s future security.

Mr. Armstrong expressed his feelings for Ms. Moncrief and told them that he wanted

to make sure she was well taken care of. Specifically, he stated that the lake property

was to be Ms. Moncrief’s. The conversation went no further than that statement, and

Ms. Rink never again discussed the matter with Mr. Armstrong.

Harry Dewayne Wilson is Mr. Armstrong’s step-grandson. He testified that he

was visiting Mr. Armstrong one night at the lake property just before the Alaska trip

and that Mr. Armstrong asked him what he thought he should do with his money. He

testified that he informed Mr. Armstrong that the money should be used to “take care

of Alice.” According to Mr. Wilson, Mr. Armstrong told him that Ms. Moncrief

“would be getting the lake house and that she would be taken care of.”

Ms. Moncrief testified that, during Mr. Armstrong’s several surgeries, she

maintained the household and cared for his personal and physical needs and that

ultimately she became responsible for all aspects of his day-to-day needs. However,

the extended duties imposed upon her were not what she anticipated in the beginning

of the relationship. She described herself as nothing more than a lover and

companion in the beginning, without any promises from either party. However,

according to Ms. Moncrief, in 1998, or before the medical problems developed to any

significant degree, she and Mr. Armstrong began discussing her future. He even

proposed marriage, a proposal which she refused. It was not until 1999 that Mr.

Armstrong first made her any kind of promise with regard to her future financial

7

stability. She asserted that, at that time, he promised her the lake house and the

contents of a bank account to be established in the future.

Ms. Moncrief candidly admitted that, after Mr. Armstrong’s medical

difficulties truly manifested themselves, in her mind her relationship with Mr.

Armstrong continued based on two factors—her continued feelings for Mr.

Armstrong and his willingness to compensate her materially. Described another way,

no matter how strongly Ms. Moncrief felt about Mr. Armstrong, she had no intention

of remaining in the relationship unless he paid her something. She described this new

relationship as having aspects of both romance and business.

“A party who demands performance of an obligation must prove the existence

of the obligation.” La.Civ.Code art. 1831. As previously noted, Ms. Moncrief had

the advantage of being able to use parole evidence as allowed by La.R.S. 13:3721.

Concerning her burden of proof under that statute, La.R.S. 13:3722 provides: “When

parol evidence is admissible under the provisions of R.S. 13:3721 the debt or liability

of the deceased must be proved by the testimony of at least one creditable witness

other than the claimant, and other corroborating circumstances.”5 In considering the

scope of that burden of proof, we further note that La.Civ.Code art. 1967 provides:

Cause is the reason why a party obligates himself.

5
We note that the burden of proof when parol evidence is allowed under La.R.S. 13:3721 is
more stringent than the general rule of proof of obligations contained in La.Civ.Code art. 1846,
which requires that an oral contract with a “price or value [] in excess of five hundred dollars . . .
must be proved by at least one witness and other corroborating circumstances” and which allows the
plaintiff herself to serve as the witness to establish the existence of the oral contract, Suire v.
Lafayette City-Parish Consolidated Government, 04-1459, 04-1460, 04-1466 (La. 4/12/05), 907
So.2d 37. Louisiana Revised Statutes 13:3722 requires the testimony of a least one creditable
witness other than the plaintiff and other corroborating circumstances. The purpose of the
requirement that there be a creditable witness other than the plaintiff is to eliminate the possibility
of fraud and perjury by witnesses who have a direct pecuniary or proprietary interest in the claim.
Savoie v. Estate of Rogers, 410 So.2d 683 (La.1981).

8

A party may be obligated by a promise when he knew or should
have known that the promise would induce the other party to rely on it
to his detriment and the other party was reasonable in so relying.
Recovery may be limited to the expenses incurred or the damages
suffered as a result of the promisee’s reliance on the promise. Reliance
on a gratuitous promise made without required formalities is not
reasonable.

(Emphasis added.)

Additionally, Comment (f) to this Article states in part that “a party should place no

reliance on his belief that he has entered a gratuitous contract when some formality

prescribed for the validity of such a contract has been omitted. Thus, reliance on a

gratuitous donation not made in authentic form is not reasonable. See C.C. Arts.

1523 and 1536 (1870).”

The promises credited to Mr. Armstrong were not in authentic form. Thus, Ms.

Moncrief cannot and does not assert a gratuitous contract. Instead, she asserts that

Mr. Armstrong’s promise was in exchange for her services. In considering the cause

of the asserted contract as expressed by Ms. Moncrief’s testimony, the trial court

stated:

[Ms. Moncrief] never articulated or specified the actual agreement.
While she referenced the decedent’s alleged assertions that he was going
to give her certain property, or “take care of her,” she never stated the
quid pro quo or what she had promised him in return. While there can
be little doubt that she actually cooked, cleaned, maintained their house,
and cared for him, there was no indication that this was any more than
the actions of a loved one. If they had been married her actions would
have clearly met her obligations as a spouse. C. C. Art. 98. While they
were not married, they lived together as a husband and wife, without the
benefits and obligations of marriage. It is the belief of this Court that
they cared deeply for each other and that their respective behavior was
based upon those feelings and not based upon some contractual
agreement.

9

In other words, the trial court considered any promise on the part of Mr. Armstrong

to be gratuitous. That being the case, it was unenforceable because it was not in

authentic form. See La.Civ.Code art. 1967.

The standard of appellate review of factual findings in a civil action is the

manifest error/clearly wrong standard, and factual findings should not be reversed

absent manifest error or unless they are clearly wrong. Rosell v. ESCO, 549 So.2d

840 (La.1989). If the trial court’s findings are reasonable in light of the record

reviewed in its entirety, the reviewing court may not reverse. Sistler v. Liberty Mut.

Ins. Co., 558 So.2d 1106 (La.1990). Consequently, when there are two permissible

views of the evidence, the fact finder’s choice between them cannot be manifestly

erroneous. Id.

Even assuming that Ms. Moncrief’s testimony could be interpreted as

representing mutual promises, she failed to establish those mutual promises with at

least one credible witnesses other than herself. As pointed out by the trial court in its

reasons for judgment, none of the witnesses called by Ms. Moncrief testified to an

agreement between Mr. Armstrong and Ms. Moncrief.6 At best, the testimony of

these witnesses established an expressed intent on the part of Mr. Armstrong to take

care of Ms. Moncrief by taking certain actions in the future. That is to say, the

conversations reflected Mr. Armstrong’s intent to change his will and reward Ms.

Moncrief for her services, but did not evidence a contractual obligation to do so.

Thus, we find no error in the trial court’s determination that Ms. Moncrief failed in

6
The trial court also expressed its concern over the credibility of some of the witnesses.
However, the issue of the credibility of these witnesses is immaterial because, regardless of whether
the testimony is believed or not, the testimony failed to establish mutual promises in any event.

10

her burden of proof to establish the existence of a contract between herself and Mr.

Armstrong.

Ms. Moncrief asserts in the alternative that Mr. Armstrong gave her the stock

in A.L.M Corporation prior to his death by manually delivering the stock certificate

to her. Specifically, she asserts that, immediately before she and Mr. Armstrong left

for Alaska, he gave her the stock certificate and expressed his intention to effect a

transfer into her name while they were in Alaska. She acknowledges, however, that

the transfer did not occur. According to Ms. Moncrief, when they arrived in Alaska,

the corporate attorney was not available to make the official transfer during the first

two weeks and thereafter Mr. Armstrong’s health precluded any additional efforts.

Gratuitous donations of incorporeal things are valid only if executed before a

notary and two witnesses. La.Civ.Code art. 1536. The donation of stock, an

incorporeal movable, falls within that provision. Blue v. Coastal Club, Inc., 524

So.2d 883 (La.App. 3 Cir.), writ denied, 525 So.2d 1044 (La.1988). However, the

formalities of La.Civ.Code art. 1536 are not necessary if shares of stock are validly

transferred pursuant to Louisiana stock-transfer legislation. Primeaux v. Libersat,

322 So.2d 147 (La.1975). Ms. Moncrief cites La.R.S. 10:8-307 and Ackel v. Ackel,

595 So.2d 739 (La.App. 5 Cir. 1992), to argue that a purchaser (a purchaser includes

one who takes by gift pursuant to La.R.S. 10:1-201(32) and (33)) who receives a

certificated security in registered form without a necessary endorsement is entitled to

have the endorsement supplied and that, as between the transferor and transferee, the

transfer is complete upon delivery. Hence, she argues that the transfer from Mr.

Armstrong to herself was valid. However, Ms. Moncrief’s argument overlooks the

law that the transfer provisions of the Commercial Code supersede the Civil Code in

11

matters of form only. See Fogg v. Fogg, 571 So.2d 838 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1990), writ

denied, 575 So.2d 372 (La.1991). “The underlying validity of the donation is a

‘threshold’ requirement controlled by substantive rules on donations contained in the

Civil Code.” Id. at 841. This means that the substantive requirements of a

divestment and donative intent must be fulfilled in order to effect a valid donation.

Id.

“To establish a donation inter vivos of a manual gift, the donee has the burden

of proving by strong and convincing evidence donative intent of the donor.” Mertens

v. Mertens, 96-391, p. 3 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/9/96), 688 So.2d 1148, 1150, writ denied,

96-2716 (La. 1/6/97), 685 So.2d 123. “A donation inter vivos (between living

persons) is an act by which the donor divests himself, at present and irrevocably, of

the thing given, in favor of the donee who accepts it.” La.Civ.Code art. 1468. For

purposes of a donation inter vivos, delivery is defined as relinquishing control or

dominion over property and placing it irrevocably within the dominion of the donee.

Mertens, 688 So.2d 1148; Brown v. Brown, 93-1105, 93-1106, 93-1107 (La.App. 3

Cir. 4/6/94), 635 So.2d 255, writ denied, 94-1667 (La. 10/28/94), 644 So.2d 649;

Succession of Serio, 597 So.2d 91 (La.App. 4 Cir.), writ denied, 600 So.2d 677

(La.1992).

In the present case, Mr. Armstrong never signed the stock certificate

transferring it to Ms. Moncrief, and the face of the stock certificate itself had a

general stock redemption restriction which prohibited its transfer without compliance

with the terms of the restriction. The record contains no evidence of compliance with

that restriction. The trial court concluded that the failure to comply with the stock

redemption agreement precluded transfer by manual gift. Thus, the trial court

12

concluded that Mr. Armstrong still owned the stock at the time of his death. While

we agree with the ultimate disposition of this issue by the trial court, we further note

that Ms. Moncrief’s testimony itself clearly disclosed that there never was an

irrevocable divestiture of the stock by the deceased. Ms. Moncrief gave the following

testimony:

Q So we don’t have the original certificates here or a copy of the back, but
it is your testimony that he did not sign the certificates?

A Correct.

Q And there was a place on the back to sign, correct?

A Correct.

Q Where he could put who it’s been transferred to and sign and date?

A Correct.

Q Do you recall in the deposition that you gave discussing about going to
Alaska and taking care of the Alaskan stock?

A Correct.

Q And taking care of it referred to getting it into your name, correct?

A We were gonna try to see the attorney over there in Alaska for the
A.L.M. Corporation, Terry Dragger, he was unavailable.

Q And did you get it in your name during the two weeks that you were
there before he got sick?

A No.

Thus, by the plaintiff’s own admission, she did not meet the burden of proving by

strong and convincing evidence that the deceased intended to make a manual gift to

her of the stock.

For the foregoing reasons, we find no merit in Ms. Moncrief’s appeal.

Succession’s Appeal

13

The Succession’s claims in its reconventional demand arise from the fact that,

after Mr. Armstrong’s death, Ms. Moncrief cashed two checks drawn on his account

totaling $75,000.00 and withdrew $4,000.00 from his account using his ATM card.

The trial court rejected without comment the Succession’s claims with regard to these

funds. On appeal, the Succession asserts as error this aspect of the judgment of the

trial court.

The only evidence concerning the facts surrounding these transactions came

from Ms. Moncrief’s testimony. According to Ms. Moncrief, Mr. Armstrong brought

three personal checks with him to Alaska in August of 2003. At some point, he

signed them in blank, and Ms. Moncrief acquired possession of the three checks. It

is not disputed that she used one of the checks to pay Air Ambulance Specialists, Inc.

$26,360.00 as its charges for transporting Mr. Armstrong from Alaska to Shreveport,

Louisiana. According to Ms. Moncrief, some unknown person completed the other

two checks, naming her as payee. One of the checks, drawn in the amount of

$25,000.00 and dated August 3, 2003, cleared the drawee bank on September 8, 2003.

The other check, drawn in the amount of $50,000.00 and dated July 31, 2003, cleared

the drawee bank on September 15, 2003, essentially depleting the account. Ms.

Moncrief acknowledged that between October 7, 2003, and December 4, 2003, she

withdrew $4,000.00 from another account using Mr. Armstrong’s ATM card. Thus,

it is clear that Ms. Moncrief converted these funds after Mr. Armstrong’s death. In

fact, in her post-trial brief, Ms. Moncrief acknowledged receipt of the funds

represented by the two checks and suggested that the trial court could reduce her

principal demand by those amounts.

14

In its reasons for judgment, the trial court did not mention the reconventional

demand, but characterized Ms. Moncrief’s acquisition of these funds by saying that

she had “helped herself to $75,000.00.” While the trial court did not mention the

ATM withdrawals, it is clear that Ms. Moncrief made those withdrawals as well.

Thus, the Succession proved the conversion of $79,000.00.

Considering that the trial court did not mention the reconventional demand in

its reasons for judgment, the only inference that can be drawn from the record is that

the trial court believed Ms. Moncrief had a claim against the succession in quantum

meruit but that she should not be allowed to recover any more than what she had

already received over the course of five years and what she had helped herself to after

Mr. Armstrong’s death.7 This inference is supported from the language of a summary

judgment previously rendered in this matter wherein the trial court stated that Ms.

Moncrief “has a claim against the succession” and from the trial court reasons for

judgment wherein the trial court concluded that Ms. Moncrief “has been adequately

compensated.” Assuming this inference to be correct, we find that the trial court

erred in this regard. Such a ruling would be inconsistent with the reasons given for

rejecting the principal demand.

The trial court concluded that Ms. Moncrief failed to prove a valid claim

against the Succession in her principal demand, and, as previously stated, we agree

with that conclusion. Because the Succession owed her nothing, she was not justified

in converting $79,000.00 to her personal benefit, and the Succession was entitled to

judgment on its reconventional demand for the recovery of that amount.

7
There was also evidence that, during their relationship, Mr. Armstrong had provided Ms.
Moncrief with over $25,000.00 in cash, all living expenses, and a 1998 Lincoln automobile.
Additionally, using Mr. Armstrong’s credit card, Ms. Moncrief had purchased a John Deere riding
lawn mower for $3,208.93 after his death.

15

DISPOSITION

For the foregoing reasons we affirm the judgment of the trial court which

rejected Alice Moncrief’s claim against the Succession of Leslie Thomas Armstrong.

We reverse the trial court’s rejection of the reconventional demand and award

judgment in favor of the Succession of Leslie Thomas Armstrong and against Alice

Moncrief in the amount of $79,000.00. We tax all costs to Alice Moncrief.

AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND RENDERED.

16