Succession of David Jones, Jr. A/K/A David Jones, III A/K/A David Jones

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

08-1088

SUCCESSION OF DAVID JONES, JR. A/K/A
DAVID JONES, III A/K/ A DAVID JONES

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APPEAL FROM THE
NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT,
PARISH OF RAPIDES, PROBATE NO. 35,824
HONORABLE F. RAE SWENT/PATRICIA F. KOCH, DISTRICT JUDGE

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JIMMIE C. PETERS
JUDGE

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Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Jimmie C. Peters, and
Michael G. Sullivan, Judges.

REVERSED, RENDERED, AND REMANDED.

William F. Henderson
Attorney at Law
910 Foisy Avenue
Alexandria, LA 71301
(318) 449-9857
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT:
Harriett Boyer Jones

Ricky L. Sooter
George I. Fine
Provosty, Sadler, deLaunay, Fiorenza & Sobel
Post Office Drawer 1791
Alexandria, LA 71309-1791
(318) 445-3631
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE:
Ethel Jones

PETERS, J.

This litigation involves, in part, the determination of the marital status of

David Jones, Jr., who is now deceased. Two women, Harriett Boyer Jones

(Harriett) and Ethel LeDuff Jones (Ethel), both claim to have been his legal spouse

and entitled to all legal rights arising from that status. The trial court declared

Ethel to be the sole surviving spouse, and Harriett has appealed that determination.

For the following reasons, we reverse the trial court judgment, designate Harriett as

David Jones, Jr.’s legal surviving spouse, but recognize Ethel as his putative

spouse. We remand the matter to the trial court for it to determine the proper

disposition of the assets of the estate of David Jones, Jr. in accordance with law.

DISCUSSION OF THE RECORD

Certain facts are not in dispute. David Jones, Jr. (David) and Harriett were

married in Bexar County, Texas on October 8, 1956, and three children were born

of that marriage: Carol Ann, David Allen, and June René. All of these children

are now competent majors. David and Harriett were divorced on February 24,

1976. David had made a career of the military and was stationed in Missouri at the

time of the divorce.

After the divorce, Harriett returned to her family in Houston, Harris County,

Texas. Thereafter, David retired from the military and returned with his son to live

on family property in Alexandria, Rapides Parish, Louisiana. Still, he maintained

communications with his former wife. In fact, on April 12, 1978, David and

Harriett remarried in Houston.

The second marriage did not last. Four months later, on September 12,

1978, David filed a petition against Harriett seeking to be awarded a separation

from bed and board.1 In his petition, David, who was represented by counsel,

sought and obtained the appointment of an attorney to represent his absentee wife.

The attorney appointed to represent Harriett filed an answer to the petition on

October 5, 1978. In that answer, the attorney attached a letter he had received from

Harriett in response to his correspondence to her. In her letter, Harriett asserted

that she contested the suit for separation from bed and board because the assertions

made by her husband were false; that she had resided in Houston for one year prior

to the date of the letter (September 28, 1978); that she was currently residing in an

apartment leased for her by David; that she had not left Houston for any reason

during 1978; that David had separated from her; and that David was guilty of

adultery.

In response, David filed a supplemental and amending petition on February

2, 1979, wherein he acknowledged that the marriage took place in Houston, and

not Rapides Parish, but argued that because he and Harriett never lived together

thereafter, he should be awarded an annulment of that marriage. In the alternative,

he maintained his request for a separation from bed and board.

Because of the physical incapacity of the attorney appointed to represent

Harriett, a second attorney was appointed to represent her as an absentee. This

appointment was made by the trial court on April 18, 1979. On May 1, 1979, that

attorney filed an answer to the supplemental and amending petition wherein he

reiterated the previously filed answer. A subsequent pleading filed by the

appointed attorney on September 21, 1979, reflected that he had forwarded a copy

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The petition implies that the parties were married on April 12, 1978, in Rapides Parish and
physically separated the same day. It further implies that Harriett was in Rapides Parish, but
immediately after the marriage, “packed her belongings and went back to Houston, Texas.”
However, it does not specifically state that the parties were married in Rapides Parish, and there is
no dispute but that the second marriage occurred in Houston.

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of the supplemental and amending petition to Harriett, but that it was returned as

not deliverable. This pleading represents the last filing in the suit record.

David and Ethel were married in Mansura, Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, on

April 8, 1983, and lived together as husband and wife in Rapides Parish until

David’s death on March 31, 2005. After David’s death, Ethel filed a petition to

probate his statutory testament and to be named executrix of his succession. On

April 25, 2006, Harriett filed a petition seeking to have Ethel’s marriage to David

declared absolutely null and to be placed in possession of her share of the

community property belonging to her as David’s surviving spouse. The trial of

this issue resulted in a trial court judgment declaring Ethel to be David’s legal wife

and surviving spouse and recognizing her as the individual entitled to all legal

rights associated with that status. This judgment gave rise to the appeal now

before us.

OPINION

Harriett’s five assignments of error can be reduced to two arguments: (1)

the trial court erred in finding that Ethel was David’s legal wife, and (2) the trial

court erred in failing to admit into evidence search certificates from Harris County,

Texas and Avoyelles Parish and Rapides Parish, Louisiana. We will address the

evidentiary issue first.

Evidentiary Ruling

After her father’s death, June René searched the public records of Harris

County, Avoyelles Parish, and Rapides Parish, seeking evidence of a second

divorce by her father from her mother. At trial, Harriett sought to introduce three

documents, obtained by June René from the Custodian of Records from each

location, which purported to show that no divorce records existed. Ethel objected

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to the introduction of these documents because Harriett had not included them on

her pre-trial list. While acknowledging that they were not listed on the pre-trial

exhibit list, Harriett asserts that they should have been admitted because they were

already in the record, having been made a part of her prior motion for partial

summary judgment. The trial court noted that it had a problem with the lack of

notice, and Harriett made a proffer of these documents.2

The trial court is given vast discretion in its evidentiary rulings, and its

decision to admit or exclude evidence will not be reversed on appeal in the absence

of an abuse of discretion. Bellsouth Telecomm., Inc. v. City of Lafayette, 05-1478,

05-1505 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1/5/06), 919 So.2d 844. After reviewing the proffered

evidence and the record, we find no abuse of discretion on the part of trial court in

excluding the documents from evidence. At the same time, we note that although

the actual documents were not introduced into the record, the information they

contained was elicited from June René’s testimony as to the actions she took in

furtherance of her search and the answers she received by contacting the three

custodial offices.

“Second in Time” Marriage

As a general rule, “[a] marriage is absolutely null when contracted without a

marriage ceremony, by procuration, or in violation of an impediment.”

La.Civ.Code art. 94. An existing marriage qualifies as such an impediment.

La.Civ.Code art. 88. Furthermore, “[a] judicial declaration of nullity is not

required, but an action to recognize the nullity may be brought by any interested

person.” La.Civ.Code art. 94.

2
The trial court did not directly rule on the admissibility of the documents, but by accepting
them as a proffer, it is assumed that the trial court sustained Ethel’s objection.

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An exception to the general rule is the “second in time” marriage

presumption as set forth by the supreme court in Lands v. Equitable Life Assurance

Society of U.S., 239 La. 782, 120 So.2d 74 (1960). After quoting extensively from

35 Am.Jur., Marriage, Sections 195 and 197, with regard to the “second in time”

marriage presumption, the supreme court stated:

We are in full accord with the majority view that a presumption
exists as to the validity of a second marriage and that the burden of
proof to show that it is a nullity is on the party attacking it. We do not
think, however, that this presumption should be available to one who
has deserted or abandoned a spouse of a prior marriage in another
state and subsequently in this state remarries in bad faith and without
reason to believe that the first marriage has been dissolved by death,
divorce, or annulment. Whether a party in such a case is innocent and
in good faith must depend upon the circumstances and facts of each
case, and where innocence or good faith is once established, the
burden of proof to show that the first marriage is still in existence is
on the party attacking the second marriage. However, in such a case if
bad faith is shown, the burden of proof to show that the first marriage
was dissolved by death, divorce, or annulment prior to the second
marriage is on the party whose marriage is under attack.

We are mindful that as a general rule of law when a man and a
woman marry and live together as husband and wife, they are
presumed to have contracted the marriage in good faith. As we view
the matter, however, for a party to a second marriage to be able to
avail himself of the presumption of validity of such a marriage where
it is shown that he has deserted his first spouse in another state, he
must show that he entered into the second marriage in good faith.

Id. at 76-77 (footnote omitted).

In Gathright v. Smith, 368 So.2d 679, 683 (La.1978) (footnote omitted), the

supreme court reiterated the holding of Lands:

Hence, the holding of Lands is the following: (1) there is a
presumption of the validity of a second marriage and the burden of
proving invalidity is upon the party attacking it, (2) the presumption
of validity does not run in favor of a spouse who has been shown to
have a prior undissolved marriage, unless that spouse can show that he
or she contracted the subsequent marriage in good faith.

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In its Written Reasons for Judgment, the trial court stated that a key issue

before it was “the good faith of both Colonel Jones and Ethel LeDuff Jones, and

whether they had an honest and reasonable belief that their marriage was entered

into in good faith by either or both of them.” We disagree with the manner in

which the trial court couched the issue. The issue of good faith should not have

entered into the equation. It does not become an issue, according to the decision in

Lands, unless the party attempting to rely on the presumption was the party with

the prior undissolved marriage. In this case, it was David, not Ethel, with the

alleged prior undissolved marriage. Ethel’s marriage, according to the decision in

Lands, is presumed to be valid, and the burden of attacking its validity lies with

Harriett.

Because the trial court’s legal error applying the wrong burden of proof

interdicted its finding on whether the decedent’s marriage to Ethel was absolutely

null, the manifest error standard of review does not apply. Accordingly, we will

now conduct a de novo review on this issue. Lanningham v. Walton, 06-1103

(La.App. 3 Cir. 2/7/07), 950 So.2d 922.

Harriett testified that she never received notice of any divorce, and that she

considered herself married to David. Harriett, David Allen, and June René all

testified that David visited them in Houston after he returned to Louisiana.

Initially, the visits were once or twice per week, but occurred less and less as the

years passed. Harriett claimed to have spoken to him monthly by telephone, and

the children testified that they only learned of David’s marriage to Ethel after his

death.

Vivian Bennett, David’s sister, testified that, although she spoke to her

brother on a daily basis, she had no knowledge of his divorce from Harriett, the

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remarriage, or the petition for separation from bed and board. Darrell Woods, an

employee of David’s, testified that David told him that he was married to Harriett,

but never mentioned divorce. Although he knew of Ethel, he said that David never

referred to her as his wife.

With regard to the search for a divorce judgment, Harriett clearly established

that she and David were married a second time on April 12, 1978, and that she

remained domiciled in Harris County, Texas, from that day forward. Her evidence

further establishes that David remained domiciled in Rapides Parish, Louisiana,

from that day until his death. David’s 1978 petition for separation from bed and

board lists his domicile as Rapides Parish; all of his employment contracts with the

Rapides Parish School Board, for whom he taught from 1979 through 2002, lists

his address as Rapides Parish; and his sister, Vivian Bennett, testified that David

lived on family property in Rapides Parish from his 1977 retirement from the

military through the time of his death.

While there does exist evidence that David had connections to other parishes

within the state and even resided overnight or for days at a time in these locales, he

had only one domicile—Rapides Parish. “The terms residence and domicile are

not synonymous, and although a person can have several residences, that person

can have only one domicile.” Smith v. Goins, 08-938, p. 5 (La.App. 3 Cir.

7/30/08), 994 So.2d 591, 593, writ denied, 08-1756 (La. 8/4/08), 988 So.2d 244.

An action for divorce must be brought in one of only three locations: the

parish of either party’s domicile or the parish of the last matrimonial domicile.

La.Code Civ.P. art. 3941(A). Additionally, venue in a divorce action is

jurisdictional and may not be waived by either party. La.Code Civ.P. art. 3941(B);

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Treadwell v. Treadwell, 41,130 (La.App. 2 Cir. 6/28/06), 935 So.2d 740. Thus, a

judgment rendered in an improper venue is an absolute nullity. Id.

Because venue is jurisdictional in a divorce action, we reject Ethel’s

argument that in order for Harriett to satisfy her burden of proof, she must search

even those places to which David traveled overnight. The only location in

Louisiana wherein David could have obtained a divorce was Rapides Parish, his

domicile. The only other place he could have obtained a divorce was Harris

County, Texas, Harriett’s domicile. Harriett successfully established that David

did not obtain a divorce in either location.

After reviewing the evidence, we find that Harriett has satisfactorily proven

that her 1978 marriage to David had not been dissolved prior to his 1983 marriage

to Ethel. Thus, we find that the trial court erred in concluding that Ethel’s

marriage to David was not null and void.

Putative Spouse Issue

Our inquiry does not end with our conclusion that the trial court erred in

rendering judgment in Ethel’s favor. Having found that the marriage between

David and Ethel was absolutely null, we must next determine whether Ethel was in

good faith in contracting the marriage such that she acquired putative spouse

status.

Louisiana Civil Code Article 96 provides:

An absolutely null marriage nevertheless produces civil effects
in favor of a party who contracted it in good faith for as long as that
party remains in good faith.

When the cause of the nullity is one party’s prior undissolved
marriage, the civil effects continue in favor of the other party,
regardless of whether the latter remains in good faith, until the
marriage is pronounced null or the latter party contracts a valid
marriage.

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A marriage contracted by a party in good faith produces civil
effects in favor of a child of the parties.

A purported marriage between parties of the same sex does not
produce any civil effects.

The “good faith” necessitated by La.Civ.Code art. 96 was discussed in

Alfonso v. Alfonso, 99-261, p. 5 (La.App. 5 Cir. 7/27/99), 739 So.2d 946, 948-49:

“Good faith” is defined as an honest and reasonable belief that
the marriage was valid and that no legal impediment to it existed.
Saacks v. Saacks, 96-736 (La.App. 5 Cir. 1/28/97), 688 So.2d 673.
“Good faith” consists of being ignorant of the cause which prevents
the formation of the marriage, or being ignorant of the defects in the
celebration which caused the nullity. Saacks v. Saacks, supra;
Rebouche v. Anderson, 505 So.2d 808 (La.App. 2 Cir.1987), writ
denied, 507 So.2d 228 (La.1987). The question of whether a party is
in good faith is subjective, and depends on all the circumstances
present in a given case. Saacks v. Saacks, supra; In Re Succession of
Gordon, 461 So.2d 357 (La.App. 2 Cir.1984), writ denied, 464 So.2d
319 (La.1985). Although the good faith analysis test incorporates the
objective elements of reasonableness, the inquiry is essentially a
subjective one. Saacks v. Saacks, supra; Rebouche v. Anderson,
supra.

Whether good faith exists is a factual question, and subject to the manifest

error/clearly wrong standard of review. Id. In this matter, we find no manifest

error in the trial court’s factual determination that Ethel was in good faith in

entering into, and maintaining, the marriage with David.

The evidence establishes that Ethel is a Rapides Parish native and was thrice

married and divorced before her marriage to David. She and David began dating

shortly after her return from Alaska in 1978. They began cohabiting in 1979, and

were married in Avoyelles Parish on April 8, 1983. Ethel testified that she knew

David had been previously married and divorced, but first learned of his second

marriage to Harriett following his death in 2005, when she was informed of

Harriett’s challenge to her receipt of surviving spousal benefits by the military.

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She claimed to have no knowledge of the specifics or timing of David’s first

divorce, but was aware that he had three children. She had met the children but

had never met or spoken with Harriett.

Ethel explained that she and David were married in Avoyelles Parish

because they did not want to draw any attention to the ceremony, given the fact

that they had been living together for such a long period. Ethel and David bought,

sold, and mortgaged property as husband and wife. Additionally, David enrolled

her as his spouse for benefits through his employment with the Rapides Parish

School Board, as the beneficiary of his life insurance policy, and as the beneficiary

of his Army pension.

David Allen and June René both testified that they told Ethel their parents

were still married. David Allen stated that he met Ethel in Alexandria prior to his

father retiring from the military, and after he moved to Alexandria, he babysat her

children approximately once a month while she and his father went out. Sometime

thereafter, he moved to Houston, and he and his sister met Ethel while visiting their

father in Rapides Parish in 1981. According to David Allen, Ethel hugged both of

them and told them that she was going to be their step-mother. He testified that he

became angry and informed Ethel that he already had a mother. According to

David Allen, when he made this statement, David became upset and professed to

not know what he was talking about. Thereafter, David Allen claimed, he never

again spoke to Ethel until after his father’s death.

June René’s testimony concerning the 1981 incident paralleled her brother’s.

She also responded to Ethel’s comment by stating that she already had a mother

and that her father already had a wife.

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The trial court found that Ethel was in good faith in entering into and

throughout her marriage to David. With regard to the statements of David Allen

and June René that they already had a mother, the trial court concluded that these

statements failed to contain “any certain or authoritative knowledge of some legal

impediment that would have prompted further investigation.”

After reviewing the record, we cannot say that the trial court was clearly

wrong in finding that Ethel was in good faith when she entered into and throughout

her marriage to David. Accordingly, we find no error in its finding that she is

entitled to putative spouse status.

As David’s putative wife, Ethel is entitled to share in the civil effects of the

putative community of acquets and gains which existed between them.

La.Civ.Code art. 96. Furthermore, as the marriage between Harriett and David was

valid, a legal community of acquets and gains still existed between them. Thus,

both communities co-existed between April 8, 1983 and March 31, 2005. In a

similar scenario, the court in In re Succession of Gordon, 461 So.2d 357 (La.App.

2 Cir. 1984), writ denied, 464 So.2d 319 (La.1985), citing the supreme court’s

opinion in Prince v. Hopson, 230 La. 575, 89 So.2d 128 (1956), divided the

community property so that the legal and putative spouses each received a one-

fourth interest and the decedent’s heirs received a one-half interest. We agree that

this manner of division would be most equitable. Accordingly, we remand the

matter so that the trial court can continue with the division of community property

in accordance with our determination.

CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the judgment of the trial court. We

now render judgment declaring that Harriett Boyer Jones is the sole surviving

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spouse of David Jones, Jr. and declaring the marriage of David Jones, Jr. and Ethel

LeDuff Jones null and void. We further render judgment declaring that Ethel

LeDuff Jones was the putative spouse of David Jones, Jr. and is entitled to the civil

effects arising from their marriage as that status allows. We remand the matter to

the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. We assess the

costs of these proceedings equally between Harriett Boyer Jones and Ethel LeDuff

Jones.

REVERSED, RENDERED, AND REMANDED.

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