William Boyd v. the Wackenhut Corporation

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

10-207

WILLIAM BOYD

VERSUS

THE WACKENHUT CORPORATION, ET AL.

**********
APPEAL FROM THE
THIRTY-FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT,
PARISH OF JEFFERSON DAVIS, NO. C-602-00
HONORABLE STEVE GUNNELL, DISTRICT JUDGE

**********

J. DAVID PAINTER
JUDGE

**********

Court composed of Sylvia R. Cooks, J. David Painter, and David E. Chatelain,*
Judges.

AFFIRMED.

Cooks, J., dissents and assigns written reasons.

Frank S. Bruno, Attorney at Law
855 Baronne Street
New Orleans, LA 70113
Counsel for Plaintiffs/Appellants:
Joyce Boyd, Marie Lindsey, Betty Jones, Robert Boyd, and Edward Boyd

Bernard Marcantel, Attorney at Law
302 E. Nezipque Street
Jennings, LA 70546
Counsel for Plaintiffs/Appellants:
Joyce Boyd, Marie Lindsey, Betty Jones, Robert Boyd, and Edward Boyd

Samuel B. Gabb, Attorney at Law
1123 Pithon Street
Lake Charles, LA 70601
Counsel for Defendants/Appellees:
The Wackenhut Corporation, Joseph Deville,
and American Home Assurance Company
PAINTER, Judge.

*
Honorable David E. Chatelain participated in this decision by appointment of the Louisiana
Supreme Court as Judge Pro Tempore.

1

Plaintiffs, the heirs of William Boyd, appeal the trial court’s judgment finding

a passing motorist one hundred percent at fault in causing the accident at issue and

dismissing Plaintiffs’ claims. For the following reasons, we affirm the trial court’s

judgment in its entirety.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

This accident occurred on August 18, 1999. On June 13, 2006, Mr. Boyd died

from causes unrelated to the subject accident, and his mother, Leona Boyd, was

substituted as Plaintiff. Ms. Boyd died before a trial could take place. Therefore, Mr.

Boyd’s siblings, Joyce Boyd, Marie Lindsey, Betty Jones, Robert Boyd, and Edward

Boyd, were substituted as Plaintiffs.

The matter was previously before this court, Boyd v. Wackenhut Corp., 08-66

(La.App. 3 Cir. 5/28/08), 983 So.2d 1017, writ granted in part and denied in part, 08-

1388 (La. 10/24/08), 993 So.2d 216, and we stated the facts as follows:

This matter arises out of a motor vehicle accident that took place
on August 18, 1999, at approximately 12:10 p.m. on Louisiana Highway
14 in Jefferson Davis Parish. William Boyd, then an inmate of the
Wackenhut facility prison (Allen Correctional Center) in Kinder,
Louisiana, was assigned to a prison work detail picking up trash along
Highway 14 on the date in question.

As lunchtime approached, Boyd and the other inmates were told
to load up their tools and to get into the prison van so that they could
find a place to eat their lunch. Joseph Deville, an employee of
Wackenhut, was the driver of the prison van. Attached to the van was
a sixteen-foot trailer that was used to carry tools and supplies needed for
the work detail. Immediately following the van and trailer was a dump
truck, owned by the State of Louisiana, in which the inmates would load
trash bags as they were filled. Upon finding a shady spot on the left side
of Highway 14, Mr. Deville began to slow down and exit the highway
to his left. As he did so, the left rear of the van was struck by a vehicle
being driven by Rosalind Broussard as she was attempting to pass the
vehicles ahead of her.

Claiming to have suffered severe personal injuries as a result of
the accident, Boyd filed suit against the following defendants:
Wackenhut, lessor of the van in which Boyd was a guest passenger;
American Home, the alleged automobile liability insurer of Wackenhut;
Mr. Deville; Ms. Broussard; and State Farm Mutual Automobile
Insurance Company (State Farm), the alleged automobile liability
insurer of Ms. Broussard. Boyd later dismissed his claims against Ms.
Broussard and State Farm, having settled with those parties.

In July of 2007, a motion for summary judgment was filed by
Wackenhut and Mr. Deville seeking dismissal of plaintiff’s claims on

2

the basis that the accident was caused solely by the negligence of Ms.
Broussard, the driver of the overtaking automobile. Specifically,
defendants submitted that because Mr. Deville had turned on his
left-turn signal, slowed down, and looked ahead of and behind his
vehicle for approaching traffic prior to beginning his left turn, he had
satisfied all of the legal duties imposed upon a left-turning motorist.
They argued that because plaintiff will be unable to prove that Mr.
Deville breached a legal duty owed to Mr. Boyd, both he and his
employer, Wackenhut, were entitled to summary judgment in their favor.

In support of their motion, defendants attached excerpts from the
depositions of Mr. Deville, Ms. Broussard, and Wayland Istre, the driver
of the dump truck following the prison van. Defendants also submitted
a true copy of a Minute Entry of the Thirty-First Judicial District Court,
Jefferson Davis Parish, Louisiana, dated September 18, 1999, indicating
that Ms. Broussard had pled guilty to the charge of improper passing.

Plaintiff filed an “Objection to Motion for Summary Judgment”
in which she argued that the evidence showed that Ms. Broussard had
to pass an eighteen wheeler and the dump truck before reaching Mr.
Deville’s van. Plaintiff pointed to the deposition testimony of the dump
truck driver who stated that he looked in his rearview mirror just before
the accident, and he noticed Ms. Broussard's car coming around the
curve, located approximately twenty to thirty yards behind the eighteen
wheeler. Adding that distance to the length of the eighteen wheeler, the
dump truck, and the van, along with the sixteen-foot trailer the van was
pulling, plaintiff suggests that Ms. Broussard's vehicle was visible for
about 150 feet prior to the occurrence of the accident. Therefore,
plaintiff submitted that Mr. Deville failed to see what he should have
seen, and, thus, his negligence was the sole cause of the accident.
Accordingly, plaintiff argued that defendants’ motion for summary
judgment should be denied and that a jury should be allowed to
determine the fault of defendants. Plaintiff attached to her opposition
the complete depositions of Mr. Deville, Ms. Broussard, and Mr. Istre.

Following a hearing, the trial court granted defendants’ motion for
summary judgment and dismissed all of plaintiff’s claims against them
with prejudice, at plaintiff’s cost.

Id. at 1018-20.

This court then reversed the trial court’s grant of summary judgment and

remanded the matter to the trial court for “a determination of the proper allotment of

fault between Mr. Deville and Ms. Broussard.” Id. at 1021. Our opinion, however,

stated that “[c]learly, the accident was caused in part, if not entirely, by the fault of

Mr. Deville.” The Supreme Court granted Plaintiffs’ application for writs and noted

that this court should not have commented on the fault of Mr. Deville and should

have simply reversed the summary judgment and remanded to the trial court. Boyd

v. Wackenhut Corp., 08-1388 (La. 10/24/08), 993 So.2d 216.

3

On remand, Plaintiffs stipulated that their decedent’s damages did not exceed

$50,000.00, and the matter proceeded to bench trial. Following the trial, the court

entered judgment in favor of Defendants and dismissed Plaintiffs’ claims. The trial

court found Ms. Broussard was one hundred percent at fault in causing the accident.

Defendants answered the appeal, asserting that the trial court erred in failing to grant

their motion for involuntary dismissal at the close of Plaintiffs’ case and in admitting

the depositions of Wayland Istre and Mr. Deville into the record at the time

Defendants made the motion for involuntary dismissal after initially disallowing the

introduction of said depositions.

We now affirm the trial court’s judgment in its entirety.

DISCUSSION

The allocation of fault by the trier of fact is a factual finding subject to the

manifest error of review. Cheairs v. State ex rel. Dep’t of Transp. and Dev., 03-680

(La. 12/3/03), 861 So.2d 536. We must employ a two-tiered test in order to reverse

the findings of the trial court. First, we “must find from the record that a reasonable

factual basis does not exist for the finding of the trial court,” and, secondly, we “must

further determine that the record establishes that the finding is not clearly wrong

(manifestly erroneous).” Cole v. Brookshire Grocery Co., 08-1093, p. 2 (La.App. 3

Cir. 3/4/09), 5 So.3d 1010, 1012, writ denied, 09-728 (La. 5/15/09), 8 So.3d 589. We

must also be mindful of the caution in Layssard v. State, Department of Public Safety

and Corrections, 07-78, p. 4 (La.App. 3 Cir. 8/08/07), 963 So.2d 1053, 1058, writ

denied, 07-1821 (La. 11/09/07), 967 So.2d 511, stating that the factors enumerated

by our supreme court in Watson v. State Farm Fire and Casualty Insurance Co., 469

So.2d 967, 974 (La.1985) guide our determination, but “the allocation of fault is not

an exact science, nor is it the search for a precise ratio” and that, instead, we are

determining whether the allocated fault falls within a certain range that does not

violate the manifest error rule.

Louisiana Revised Statutes 32:75, entitled “Limitations on passing on the left,”

sets forth the law with regard to a vehicle passing on the left, and provides that:

4

No vehicle shall be driven to the left side of the center of the
highway in overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the
same direction unless such left side is clearly visible and is free of
oncoming traffic for a sufficient distance ahead to permit such
overtaking and passing to be completely made without interfering with
the safe operation of any vehicle approaching from the opposite
direction or any vehicle overtaken. In every event the overtaking
vehicle must return to the right-hand side of the roadway before coming
within one hundred feet of any vehicle approaching from the opposite
direction.

The evidence showed that Mr. Deville used his turn signal and began to turn

his vehicle before Ms. Broussard started her passing maneuver. We agree with the

trial court that the testimony of Mr. Deville and the independent witness, Mr.

Wayland Istre, confirm that Mr. Deville made certain that he could complete his turn

safely (and had begun his turn well before Ms. Broussard started her passing

maneuver) and, therefore, fulfilled his obligation as a left-turning motorist. Mr.

Deville used his turn signal and looked in front and behind his vehicle to determine

that there were no oncoming vehicles. The evidence also showed that Ms. Broussard

was traveling at a high rate of speed when she attempted to pass several vehicles.

Based on the record before us, we cannot find that a reasonable factual basis does not

exist for the trial court’s finding that Ms. Broussard was one hundred percent (100%)

at fault in causing the accident. The evidence clearly supports the trial court’s finding

of fault on the part of Ms. Broussard. Having so found, we cannot say that the trial

court’s finding was manifestly erroneous and must affirm the trial court’s judgment

allocating one hundred percent (100%) of the fault to Ms. Broussard and dismissing

Plaintiffs’ claims.

We now turn to Defendants’ answer to appeal. Since we have affirmed the trial

court’s allocation of one hundred percent (100%) of fault to Ms. Broussard, the issues

raised in Defendants’ answer to appeal are moot.

DECREE

For all of the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed in

its entirety. All costs of this appeal are assessed to Plaintiffs/Appellants.

AFFIRMED.

5

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

10-207

WILLIAM BOYD

VERSUS

THE WACKENHUT CORPORATION, ET AL.

COOKS, J., dissenting.

I respectfully dissent from the majority’s opinion affirming the trial court’s

assessment of one hundred percent (100%) fault against Ms. Broussard and finding

Mr. Deville free from fault.

Initially, I note there can be little question but that the actions of Ms. Broussard

contributed to the accident in question. As the trial court noted, she attempted the

dangerous maneuver of passing a line of vehicles, including an eighteen wheeler, a

dump truck and the vehicle driven by Mr. Deville, which was a van with a trailer

attached containing various equipment. The testimony also established Ms. Broussard

was traveling at a high rate of speed when she attempted the passing maneuver. This

court in Kilpatrick v. Alliance Casualty and Reinsurance Co., 95-17, p. 4 (La.App. 3

Cir. 7/5/95), 663 So.2d 62, 66, writ denied, 95-2018 (La. 11/17/95), 664 So.2d 406,

specifically noted an “overtaking and passing motorist must exercise a high degree of

care because [he or she is] engaged in dangerous maneuvers.” We further stated “the

driver of an overtaking or passing vehicle has the duty to ascertain before attempting

to pass a preceding vehicle that from all the circumstances of traffic, lay of the land,

and conditions of the roadway, the passing can be completed with safety.” Id. I agree

the evidence supported the trial court’s finding of fault on the part of Ms. Broussard.

-1-

However, the finding that Ms. Broussard was at fault, does not end the inquiry

in this matter. The Louisiana Legislature in its wisdom enacted the comparative fault

statute, La.Civ.Code art. 2323, for situations where the actions of more than one party

contributed to an accident. Plaintiffs submit the facts in this case present such a

scenario. After a thorough review of the record, I agree.

La.R.S. 32:104 imposes certain duties on a left-turning motorist who must

signal his intent to turn at least 100 feet from the turning point and take steps to ensure

that the maneuver can be made safely. The giving of a signal, however, is immaterial

if the driver of the turning vehicle did not have the opportunity to make the turn

safely. Wesley v. Home Indem. Co., 148 So.2d 333 (La.App. 1 Cir.1962), judgment

affirmed, 245 La. 133, 157 So.2d 467 (1963). He must make certain the turn can be

made without danger to normal overtaking or oncoming traffic and he must yield the

right of way to such vehicles. Lang v. Cage, 554 So.2d 1312 (La.App. 1 Cir.1989),

writ denied, 558 So.2d 605 (La.1990). In a vehicular collision case, a plaintiff may

take advantage of a presumption of the left-turning motorist’s negligence when the

plaintiff proves the defendant executed a left-hand turn and crossed the center line at

the time of impact. Thomas v. Champion Ins. Co., 603 So.2d 765 (La.App. 3

Cir.1992). Accordingly, the burden rests heavily on the motorist who desires to make

a left turn to explain how the accident occurred and to show he is free of negligence.

Miller v. Leonard, 588 So.2d 79 (La.1991).

The record is clear Ms. Broussard had to pass an eighteen wheeler and a dump

truck before reaching Mr. Deville’s van. The majority states that the evidence shows

Mr. Deville “had begun his turn well before Ms. Broussard started her passing

maneuver.” I find the record does not support this statement. Of particular note is the

testimony of Wayland Istre, the driver of the dump truck, who stated he looked in his

rearview mirror just before the accident, and he saw Ms. Broussard’s “little blue car”

-2-

coming when it was “in back of the eighteen-wheeler probably twenty (20) yards,

thirty (30) yards, when I seen it.” Ms. Broussard’s vehicle then had to travel the

remaining distance to the eighteen wheeler, then past the eighteen wheeler, and the

dump truck before colliding with Mr. Deville’s tractor. The evidence overwhelmingly

establishes that Ms. Broussard’s vehicle was visible for a significant distance prior to

the accident and her passing maneuver was underway well prior to Mr. Deville

beginning his left turn. It is clear had Mr. Deville looked in his side view mirror

before beginning his turn he would have seen Ms. Broussard’s vehicle in the passing

lane. The evidence convinces me that Mr. Deville failed to see what he should have

seen; and, thus, his negligence was a contributing cause of the accident. This

court has consistently recognized the significant responsibility placed on a left-turning

vehicle. In Prejean v. Rabalais, 08-436 (La.App. 3 Cir. 12/10/08), 998 So.2d 1225,

this court imposed ten (10) percent fault on a motorist who was stopped, with her

blinker on waiting to turn left, when a truck fleeing a hit and run accident passed her

at an excessive rate of speed in a no passing zone. We reasoned that the driver did not

look in her side view mirror before turning left, and if she had, the accident likely

would have been averted even though she did look in her rearview mirror but saw only

the car behind her which was also waiting to turn left. Id.

In Kilpatrick, 663 So.2d 62, this court found the trial court manifestly erroneous

in finding that a passing motorist, Mr. Kilpatrick, was seventy (70) percent at fault and

the left turning motorist, Mr. McManus, was thirty (30) percent at fault. In

reallocating fault one hundred (100) percent to Mr. McManus, we noted when the

accident occurred, Mr. Kilpatrick had almost fully completed his passing maneuver.

We reasoned had Mr. McManus looked backward immediately prior to turning, he

would have seen that he could not make the turn safely.

Thus, I find the trial court manifestly erred in not apportioning some degree of

-3-

fault to Mr. Deville for his negligence, which the record established was a contributing

cause of the accident. The trial court’s failure to do so, and the majority’s affirmance

of that failure, thwart the purpose of the comparative fault statute, La.Civ.Code art.

2323, which was enacted for situations such as what occurred here.

-4-