Golden Broussard v. Oak Trace Apartments

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

11-125

GOLDEN BROUSSARD

VERSUS

OAK TRACE APARTMENTS, ET AL.

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APPEAL FROM THE
FIFTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF LAFAYETTE, NO. 2009-1052
HONORABLE GLENNON P. EVERETT, DISTRICT JUDGE

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PHYLLIS M. KEATY
JUDGE

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Court composed of Elizabeth A. Pickett, Billy Howard Ezell, and Phyllis M. Keaty,
Judges.

AFFIRMED IN PART, AMENDED IN
PART, AND AFFIRMED AS AMENDED.

J. Brent Barry
Edward J. Milligan, Jr.
Attorneys at Law
Post Office Box 82294
Lafayette, Louisiana 70508
(337) 237-6491
Counsel for Defendants/Appellants:
Keo Hadsdy
Lee Gautreaux
Ko Ounsamone
Oak Trace Apartments

Aaron J. Allen
Attorney at Law
Post Office Box 4405
Lafayette, Louisiana 70502
(337) 237-1000
Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellee:
Golden Broussard

KEATY, Judge.

This litigation arises out of an incident in which plaintiff tripped and fell on a

stairwell in her apartment complex, breaking her ankle in two places. Plaintiff sued

for damages, naming the apartment complex, the two property owners, and the

maintenance manager as joint defendants. The trial court, sitting without a jury,

found in favor of plaintiff. This is an appeal by the defendants from the judgment

against them. We are called upon to determine whether the trial court committed

manifest error in finding that there was a causal relationship between the condition

of the stairway and plaintiff’s injury and whether the trial court was manifestly

erroneous in awarding damages absent a factual basis in the record.

FACTS

Plaintiff, Golden Broussard (Broussard), tripped and fell on a staircase in Oak

Trace Apartment Complex at approximately 5:30 a.m. on March 22, 2008, as she was

leaving her home to go to work. Broussard recalled that her ankle hurt badly

immediately after falling. At work, she called a relative to take her to the E.R., where

it was determined that she had broken her ankle in two places. She was on crutches,

missed work, and ultimately had to have surgery on her ankle a week later. Broussard

was unable to work for approximately two and a half months.

When she returned home from the hospital on March 22, she called Lee

Gautreaux, property manager for the apartment complex, and told him about her

injury, stating that she wanted to file a claim with their insurance. Subsequently, she

wrote a description of the accident for Gautreaux.

In July 2008, Broussard was in a car accident that aggravated her ankle injury

and caused her to experience new pain for about two months. She went to the doctor

and also missed work as a result of that accident.
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Because of the March 22 accident and subsequent surgery, Broussard was no

longer able to perform her job duties as supervisor of housekeeping and had to take

a desk job as a night auditor instead. She can no longer walk on the treadmill three

times a week, she experiences chronic pain, and she is scared, on a daily basis, of

falling again.

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Broussard filed suit against five defendants: Oak Trace Apartments; the

owners of the building she lived in, Keo J. Hadsdy and Ko Ounsamone; and the

property manager and his wife, Lee and Lisa1 Gautreaux. Broussard sought damages

as a result of her March 22 accident and subsequent surgery.

A bench trial was held on September 27 and 28, 2010. At the close of the trial,

the trial court took the matter under advisement, pending post-trial briefs by counsel.

On December 6, 2010, the trial court issued a judgment finding in favor of plaintiff

and against defendants, in solido, in the amount of $77,109.51, representing

$18,774.35 in medical expenses, $8,335.16 in lost wages, and $50,000.00 in general

damages.

In its reasons for ruling, the trial court found that Broussard was credible. It

further found that she was a tenant of Oak Trace Apartments, that more probably than

not, the landing and lack of lighting in the area were the cause of the accident, and

that these conditions existed for a significant period of time before the accident. The

trial court found that the condition of the landing and the lack of lighting were

unreasonably dangerous, that defendants knew or should have known of the

1
At trial, Lisa Gautreaux was dismissed from the instant suit. The judgment subsequently
rendered was against Lee Gautreaux, Keo J. Hadsdy, and Ko Ounsamone only.

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dangerous conditions, and that defendants were liable to Broussard for her injuries

sustained as a result of the March 22 accident.

Defendants appeal, asserting two assignments of error: that the trial court was

manifestly erroneous in finding a causal relationship between the stairway and the

plaintiff’s injury, as the record lacks any reasonable factual basis to support that

finding, and that the trial court was manifestly erroneous in awarding damages for

which there is no factual basis in the record.

DISCUSSION

Causation

Defendants assert that the trial court was manifestly erroneous in finding that

the stairway and lack of lighting more probably than not caused plaintiff to trip, fall,

and injure herself. They assert that there is no reasonable factual basis to support the

trial court’s finding in the record. A “question of cause-in-fact involves a factual

determination.” Todd v. State through Dep’t of Soc. Servs., Office of Cmty. Servs.,

96-3090, p. 6 (La. 9/9/97), 699 So.2d 35, 39. We will not reverse a trial court’s

finding of fact absent a clear showing of manifest error. See Rosell v. Esco, 549

So.2d 840 (La.1989).

The trial court found Broussard to be credible. Additionally, the trial court

found “that, more probable than not, the condition of the landing and the lack of

lighting in the area were the cause of the accident, and these conditions existed for

a significant period of time prior to the accident.”

At trial, Broussard testified that the lights in her building had never worked and

that they were not working on the day of the accident. She further testified that it was

dark outside that morning and that, although she could see a little, a brick wall at the

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base of the stairway made it harder to see in that location. Broussard stated that

although she did not notice or look for any defect in the property before or

immediately after she fell, she did notice two pieces of concrete at the bottom of the

step when she returned home from the hospital later that day and thought that those

must have been what she tripped on. She testified that this stairway was the only way

to get to or from her apartment.

Lee Gautreaux testified that he had done work on Broussard’s staircase in

February of 2008. Although he opined that the staircase had no defect at the time

Broussard fell, the trial court chose to believe Broussard over Gautreaux. Gautreaux

further testified that he had replaced light bulbs in the buildings before but that he

seldom went to the buildings at night, so generally he would only know that a light

was out if a resident complained.

After carefully reviewing the record, we find that the trial court did not commit

manifest error in finding that the condition of the stairway and the lack of lighting

caused Broussard to trip, fall, and break her ankle.

Damages

The trial court awarded a total of $77,109.51 in damages, representing

$18,774.35 in medical expenses and $8,335.16 in lost wages, both special damages,

and $50,000.00 in general damages. Defendants assert that the damage awards are

not supported by the record, making them unreasonable and erroneous. “‘Special

damages are damages which can be established with reasonable mathematical

certainty.’” Jimmerson v. Rearden, 98-1120, p. 3 (La.App. 3 Cir. 3/3/99), 736 So.2d

916, 919 (quoting Myers v. Broussard, 96-1634 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/21/97), 696 So.2d

88). Alternatively, “[g]eneral damages are those that may not be fixed with pecuniary

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exactitude. Such damages involve mental or physical pain or suffering,

inconvenience, the loss of physical enjoyment, or other losses of life or lifestyle that

cannot be definitively measured in monetary terms.” Wright v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.,

31-764, p. 4 (La.App. 2 Cir. 5/5/99), 737 So.2d 153, 156.

“Before an appellate court can disturb an award made by a trial court, the

record must clearly reveal that the trier of fact abused its discretion in making its

award.” Borden, Inc. v. Howard Trucking Co., Inc., 454 So.2d 1081, 1092 (La.1983).

“On the other hand, in a suit for damages, it is the plaintiff’s burden to prove the

damage he suffered as a result of defendant’s fault, and to support an award there

must be evidence in the record.” Id.

A. Medical Expenses

Defendants appeal the award of medical expenses granted by the trial court,

because “the amount awarded for the medical expenses is unsupported, since the

plaintiff failed to prove that the injury was related to any defect on the stairwell at

Oak Trace.”

We previously noted that we find no manifest error in the trial court’s finding

that the condition of the stairwell caused Broussard to fall on the stairs and injure her

ankle. Having found in favor of plaintiff concerning causation, we need not further

address the issue of medical expenses, as the defendants’ argument against the grant

of medical expenses centered on the supposed lack of causation. In finding that the

trial court did not err in finding a causal link between the condition of the stairwell

and Broussard’s subsequent fall and injury, we find defendants’ argument without

merit.

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B. Lost Wages

Under Louisiana jurisprudence, damages for lost wages may be
established by any proof which reasonably establishes the claim,
including the plaintiff’s own reasonable testimony. While claims for
past lost wages must be established with some degree of certainty, they
need not be proven with mathematical certainty, but only by such proof
as reasonably establishes the plaintiff’s claim. This award may be
supported by the plaintiff’s detailed and uncorroborated testimony.

Smith v. Ebey, 04-889, pp. 6-7 (La.App. 3 Cir. 12/29/04), 896 So.2d 143, 148.

In the instant case, plaintiff testified that she earned about $500.00, including

overtime, each week before the March 22 accident. She testified that she was out of

work until June or July 2008, and the record contains a medical release from her

doctor allowing her to return to work on June 9, 2008. Thus, plaintiff was out of

work approximately twelve weeks due to the March 22 accident. She also testified

that she had to cash in on her vacation and sick leave.2 Plaintiff further testified that

she was out of work for a while after the July 2008 car accident. Her tax returns

indicate that she earned about $6,600.00 less in 2008 than she earned in 2007.

Although plaintiff testified that she believed her lost wages were between eight

and nine thousand dollars for the March 22 accident, the record does not support that

conclusion. Even if the trial court failed to take into consideration her testimony that

she missed work for the July 2008 accident, Broussard’s tax returns show a loss of

wages for 2008 totaling only $6,600.00. Her self-serving testimony that she earned

$500.00 per week, coupled with the medical release slip from her doctor, would

support an award of no more than $6,000.00. Nevertheless, the trial court awarded

Broussard $8,335.16 in lost wages. We find that this award is not supported by the

record and, therefore, was an abuse of its discretion. We reduce this award to

2
A review of the evidence submitted shows that this value was $209.60.

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$6,600.00, representing the highest award that could possibly be supported by the

record.

C. General Damages

The trial court awarded Broussard $50,000.00 in general damages. Vast

discretion is given to the trial court in fixing general damage awards. Dufrene v.

Gautreau Family, LLC, 07-467 (La.App. 5 Cir. 2/22/08), 980 So.2d 68, writs denied,

08-629 (La. 5/9/08), 980 So.2d 694, and 08-628 (La. 5/9/08), 980 So.2d 698. In

reviewing the award, appellate courts need to look at the facts and circumstances of

the individual case, taking into consideration the particular effects of particular

injuries on particular plaintiffs. Sagona v. Harris, 97-129 (La.App. 4 Cir. 6/18/97),

696 So.2d 595, writ denied, 97-1902 (La. 10/31/97), 703 So.2d 28.

In the instant case, Broussard tripped and fell, breaking her ankle in two places.

She testified that it hurt when she fell and that it still hurt on the day of trial. She

testified that she had to have surgery on her ankle, despite not wanting to have

surgery; that she had to take prescription pain medicine despite her aversion to taking

anything stronger than Tylenol or Advil; that she had to walk on crutches and wear

a boot; and that she is no longer able to do things she used to do, such as housekeeper

duties or walking on a treadmill. She testified that she is afraid of falling down the

stairs again and that she has a scar on her ankle that embarrasses her. Her doctor

stated in his deposition that she will likely develop arthritis in the future.

Taking into consideration all of the foregoing, we find that the trial court did

not abuse its discretion in awarding Broussard $50,000.00 in general damages, given

the necessity of a surgery she did not want to have, evidence of her chronic pain,

daily fear of falling, inability to do things she could do before the accident, and the

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statement by her doctor that she will probably develop arthritis in the future because

of the accident.

DECREE

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court’s finding that a causal link

existed between the condition of the staircase and lack of adequate lighting and

Broussard’s accident, and we affirm it’s award of general damages in the amount of

$50,000.00. Because the amount was not supported by the record, we reduce the

award for lost wages to $6,600.00. Costs of this appeal are taxed to defendants.

AFFIRMED IN PART, AMENDED IN PART, AND AFFIRMED AS
AMENDED.

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