Brielles Florist & Gifts, Inc. v. Trans Teche, Inc.

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

11-260

BRIELLE’S FLORIST & GIFTS, INC.

VERSUS

TRANS TECH, INC.

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APPEAL FROM THE
FIFTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF LAFAYETTE, NO. C-20104742
HONORABLE EDWARD B. BROUSSARD, DISTRICT JUDGE

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MARC T. AMY
JUDGE

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Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Marc T. Amy, and
Phyllis M. Keaty, Judges.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

Randall L. Guidry
503 W. University Avenue
Lafayette, LA 70506-3651
(337) 233-8800
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE:
Trans Tech, Inc.

Richard Mary
Richard Mary and Associates
10641 Pecue Lane
Baton Rouge, LA 70810
(225) 936-1451
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT:
Brielle’s Florist & Gifts, Inc.

AMY, Judge.

This case arises from the plaintiff’s lease of several buses to the defendant.

After the defendant allegedly failed to maintain the buses free of damage, the

plaintiff brought suit, seeking remuneration for the damages. The defendant filed

exceptions of res judicata, no cause of action, and no right of action, alleging that a

settlement had been reached in prior litigation. The trial court granted the

exceptions. For the following reasons, we reverse and remand.

Factual and Procedural Background

The plaintiff, Brielle’s Florist & Gifts, Inc. filed suit, alleging that the

defendant, Trans Tech, Inc., breached its lease with Brielle’s by failing to maintain

the leased property free of damage. Trans Tech subsequently filed exceptions of

res judicata and “no cause and/or no right of action,” contending that the alleged

breach of lease issue had been resolved by settlement in prior litigation. Trans

Tech’s contention, according to the record, was that Mark Chiasson1 had filed suit

against Trans Tech, seeking both the appointment of a receiver and liquidation.

According to Trans Tech, a settlement agreement was reached that released all

claims by or against Brielle’s. The parties’ briefs indicate that no formal

settlement agreement was signed but that the trial court in that case ordered that the

case be settled “in strict conformity to the terms of the settlement agreement.”

Brielle’s contended that the settlement agreement was not enforceable against it

because it was not a named party to that litigation.

The trial court held a hearing on the exceptions and granted the exceptions

of res judicata, no cause of action and/or no right of action. 2 Although the

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At the hearing on the exceptions, Trans Tech contended that Brielle’s is wholly owned
by Chiasson and that Chiasson is the president of Brielle’s.
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At the hearing, the trial court indicated it was granting the exceptions of “res judicata
and/or no right of action.” However, the judgment indicates that the trial court granted the
exceptions of res judicata, no cause of action and/or no right of action.

transcript indicates that the trial court considered the settlement agreement and the

judgment enforcing the settlement agreement, neither document was introduced

into evidence nor is either contained within the appellate record. The only copies

of either the settlement agreement or the minutes of the trial court ordering

enforcement of the settlement agreement are attached to Trans Tech’s brief to this

court. Trans Tech also indicates in its appellate brief that those documents were

attached to the brief it submitted to the trial court in support of its exceptions.

Brielle’s appeals, alleging that the trial court erred in granting the exception

of res judicata and the exception of “no right of action and/or no cause of action.”

Discussion

Peremptory Exception of Res Judicata

The exception of res judicata acts to bar a subsequent judgment when there

is a prior case that involves the same parties and the same cause of action, and the

previous judgment was a final judgment on the merits rendered by a court of

competent jurisdiction. La.Code Civ.P. art. 927; Zeno v. Flowers Baking Co., 10-

1413 (La.App. 3 Cir. 4/6/11), 62 So.3d 303. The party urging an exception of res

judicata must prove its elements by a preponderance of the evidence. Rudolph v.

D.R.D. Towing Co., LLC, 10-629 (La.App. 5 Cir. 1/11/11), 59 So.3d 1274.

Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure Article 931 permits the introduction of

evidence at the trial of a peremptory exception “to support or controvert any of the

objections pleaded, when the grounds thereof do not appear from the petition.”

In the case of an exception of res judicata, the trial court should examine

“not only the pleadings but also the entire record in the first suit, to determine

whether the second suit is, in fact, barred by res judicata.” Union Planters Bank v.

Commercial Capital Holding Corp., 04-871, p. 3 (La.App. 1 Cir. 3/24/05), 907

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So.2d 129, 130. Further, the failure to introduce such documentary evidence into

the record can prohibit the party pleading the exception from meeting its burden of

proof. Id. See also Fogleman v. Meaux Surface Prot., Inc., 10-1210 (La.App. 3

Cir. 3/9/11), 58 So.3d 1057, writ denied, 11-712 (La. 5/27/11), 63 So.3d 995.

Exceptions of No Cause of Action and/or No Right of Action

With regard to the exceptions of no cause of action and/or no right of action,

the supreme court has stated that:

Although these two exceptions are often confused or improperly
combined with the same exception, the peremptory exceptions of no
right of action and no cause of action are separate and distinct. [La.
Code Civ.P.] art. 927(A)(4) and (5); Industrial Cos., Inc. v. Durbin,
02-0665, p. 6 (La. 1/28/03); 837 So.2d 1207, 1212. This court has
recognized that one of the primary differences between the exception
of no right of action and no cause of action lies in the fact that the
focus in an exception of no right of action is on whether the particular
plaintiff has a right to bring the suit, while the focus in an exception of
no cause of action is on whether the law provides a remedy against the
particular defendant. Id.

The function of an exception of no right of action is a
determination of whether plaintiff belongs to the class of persons to
whom the law grants the cause of action asserted in the petition.
[La.Code Civ.P.] art. 927; Turner v. Busby, 03-3444, p. 4 (La. 9/9/04),
883 So.2d 412, 415. The exception of no right of action serves to
question whether the plaintiff in the particular case is a member of the
class of persons that has a legal interest in the subject matter of the
litigation. Id.

In contrast, an exception of no cause of action questions
whether the law extends a remedy against the defendant to anyone
under the factual allegations of the petition. Industrial Cos., . . . 837
So.2d at 1213.

Badeaux v. Sw. Computer Bureau, Inc., 05-612, 05-719, pp. 6-7 (La. 3/17/06), 929

So.2d 1211, 1216-17.

No evidence may be introduced to support or controvert the objection that

the petition fails to state a cause of action. La.Code Civ.P. art. 931. The exception

of no cause of action is triable on the face of the pleadings and, for the purposes of

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the exception, the well-pleaded facts in the petition are accepted as true. Robertson

v. Sun Life Fin., 09-2275 (La.App. 1 Cir. 6/11/10), 40 So.3d 507. However,

“[u]nlike the exception of no cause of action, evidence may be received under the

exception of no right of action for the purpose of showing that the plaintiff does

not possess the right he claims or that the right does not exist.” Id. at 511.

Evidence Not Filed into the Record

The supreme court addressed the ability of the courts of appeal to consider

evidence not formally filed into the record in Denoux v. Vessel Management

Services, Inc., 07-2143 (La. 5/21/08), 983 So.2d 84. The supreme court stated:

Evidence not properly and officially offered and introduced
cannot be considered, even if it is physically placed in the record.
Documents attached to memoranda do not constitute evidence and
cannot be considered as such on appeal.

Appellate courts are courts of record and may not review
evidence that is not in the appellate record, or receive new evidence.

Id. at 88 (citations omitted). Further, the courts of appeal have no authority to

consider facts, memoranda or exhibits referred to in the appellate briefs if they are

not in the appellate record. Jones v. Jones, 09-757 (La.App. 5 Cir. 12/29/09), 30

So.3d 137.

Although the underlying ruling was clearly based on the settlement

agreement and judgment, those documents were not formally entered into evidence

and are thus not part of the record before this court. Instead, copies of those

documents are only attached to Trans Tech’s brief and cannot be considered as

evidence on appeal. Thus, because no evidence of the prior suit appears in the

record, and the grounds for the exceptions of res judicata and no right of action do

not appear from the petition, the trial court erred in granting those exceptions.

Therefore, we reverse the judgment of the trial court sustaining the exceptions of

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res judicata and no right of action. See Rudolph, 59 So.3d 1274; Union Planters

Bank, 907 So.2d 129.

Further, with regard to the exception of no cause of action, the fourth circuit

has found that, where the petition alleged facts that, taken as true, would establish

that: “(1) a lease existed; (2) the lease provided certain duties among the parties;

and (3) the defendants breached those duties[.]” this was sufficient to support a

cause of action against the defendants. R-Plex Enters., LLC. v. Desvignes, 10-1337,

p. 6-7 (La.App. 4 Cir. 2/9/11), 61 So.3d 37,41. Assuming as true the facts alleged

by Brielle’s in its petition, Brielle’s has alleged that a lease existed between the

parties regarding the buses, that it provided that Trans Tech maintain the buses free

of damage, and that Trans Tech did, in fact, allow damage to the buses. Therefore,

in light of the alleged facts, the trial court erred in granting the exception of no

cause of action. We reverse the judgment of the trial court granting the exception

of no cause of action.

DECREE

For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the trial court granting the

exceptions of res judicata, no cause of action and/or no right of action is reversed.

The case is remanded for further proceedings. Costs of this appeal are assessed to

Trans Tech, Inc.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

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