Hope Dauzat v. Avoyelles Parish School Board

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

11-1359

HOPE DAUZAT, on behalf of her minor child,
JAYDEN BRADFORD

VERSUS

THE AVOYELLES PARISH SCHOOL BOARD, ET AL.

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APPEAL FROM THE
TWELFTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF AVOYELLES, NO. 11-6404-A
HONORABLE MARK A. JEANSONNE, DISTRICT JUDGE

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MARC T. AMY
JUDGE

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Court composed of John D. Saunders, Oswald A. Decuir, and Marc T. Amy,
Judges.

AFFIRMED.

Ronald J. Fiorenza
Provosty, Sadler, DeLaunay,
Fiorenza & Sobel, APC
Post Office Box 1791
Alexandria, LA 71309-1791
(318) 445-3631
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT:
Avoyelles Parish School Board

Cory P. Roy
Post Office Box 544
Marksville, LA 71351
(318) 240-7800
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE:
Hope Dauzat

AMY, Judge.

The plaintiff in this matter filed suit, alleging that her minor child had been

injured while a passenger on a public school bus. After a trial, the trial court

entered judgment in favor of the plaintiff, awarding general damages, special

damages, and costs. The defendant appeals. For the following reasons, we affirm.

Factual and Procedural Background

The plaintiff, Hope Dauzat, brought this action on behalf of her minor child,

Jayden Bradford,1 seeking damages for injuries that she alleged were the result of

an incident which occurred on a school bus operated by the defendant, the

Avoyelles Parish School Board.2 According to the plaintiff, on March 16, 2010,

Jayden was riding home on the bus when the bus driver backed into a grassy, wet

area and the bus became stuck. The plaintiff alleges that, as a result, Jayden was

thrown out of his seat and that he injured his right knee. The plaintiff’s testimony

was that Jayden told her about the accident as soon as he came home and that his

knee was red and swollen. Because Jayden’s complaints did not resolve, the

plaintiff testified that she took Jayden to the doctor approximately a month after

the incident and that he saw a doctor approximately four times regarding his knee

injury. The record also indicates that Jayden missed school approximately ten days

after the alleged incident.

Contrary to the plaintiff’s position, the defendant asserted that no such

accident happened and, if it did, the plaintiff could not prove that Jayden’s injuries,

if any, were a result of the accident. In support of this contention, the school bus

driver, Eugenia Lemoine, testified that, on March 16, 2010, the bus became stuck

1
Jayden Bradford’s first name has various spellings in the record. We adopt the spelling
used in the petition.
2
The petition indicates that the plaintiff filed suit against the Avoyelles Parish School
Board and a John Doe defendant. However, according to the record, the School Board was the
only defendant present at trial and judgment was only rendered against the School Board.

when she backed it into a relatively flat, wet, and grassy area. However, she

testified that there was no sudden jerk or stop and that, to her knowledge, none of

the children fell out of their seats as a result of the maneuver. Further, according to

Ms. Lemoine, none of the children complained that they were hurt.

After a bench trial, the trial court rendered judgment in favor of the plaintiff.

The trial court awarded general damages in the amount of $4,500.00, special

damages in the amount of $987.16, and costs, including the cost of obtaining

medical records.

The defendant appeals, asserting that:

1. The Trial Court manifestly erred by finding the defendant failed to
conform his or her conduct to the appropriate standard of care.

2. The Trial Court manifestly erred by finding that the defendant’s
allegedly substandard conduct was a cause-in-fact of the plaintiff’s
injuries.

3. The Trial Court manifestly erred by finding that The Avoyelles Parish
School Board was vicariously liable for the alleged injuries of the
plaintiff.

Discussion

Applicability of the Common Carrier Doctrine and Findings of Fact

The heart of the defendant’s first two assignments of error is that the

plaintiff failed to meet her burden of proof. The defendant contends that the

plaintiff failed to prove that the defendant was negligent, and that the plaintiff

failed to prove that Jayden’s injuries, if any, were the result of that negligence.

The defendant bases its assignments of error on its assertion that the

applicable legal standard is a straightforward application of La.Civ.Code arts. 2316

and 2320 and not the common carrier doctrine.3 A panel of this court discussed

3
Although the transcript indicates that portions of the trial court’s reasons for judgment
were unintelligible, it appears that the trial court considered that Jayden was “a guest passenger
on a school bus” in rendering judgment.
2

this issue in Amos v. St. Martin Parish School Bd., 00-808, pp. 2-3 (La.App. 3 Cir.

12/6/00), 773 So.2d 300, 302-03, stating:

It is well settled in our jurisprudence that the owner and
operator of a school bus is classified as a “common carrier,” owing a
heightened standard of care to the passengers he or she undertakes to
transport. Dunn v. Gentry, 94-1164 (La.App. 3 Cir. 4/5/95), 653
So.2d 783, writ denied, 95-1148 (La. 6/16/95), 655 So.2d 335;
Robertson v. Travis, 393 So.2d 304 (La.App. 1 Cir. 1980), writ
denied, 397 So.2d 805 (La.1981); Bruno v. Fontan, 338 So.2d 713
(La.App. 4 Cir. 1976). Whether termed the highest standard of care,
highest degree of vigilance, care and precaution for the safety of those
transported, or the strictest diligence, the duty owed by a common
carrier in Louisiana to its passengers is stringent. King v. King, 253
La. 270, 217 So.2d 395 (1968); Wise v. Prescott, 244 La. 157, 151
So.2d 356 (1963); Hopkins v. New Orleans Ry. & Light Co., 150 La.
61, 90 So. 512 (1921). As such, when an injury to a passenger occurs,
the burden shifts to the defendant carrier to show that he or she was
entirely free of even the slightest negligence contributing to the
resulting injury. King, 253 La. 270, 217 So.2d 395; Wise, 151 So.2d
356; Hopkins, 90 So. 512. Reviewing the jurisprudence, we find the
doctrine applies in all circumstances where a passenger suffers an
injury when boarding, traveling aboard, or disembarking a common
carrier’s vehicle. King, 217 So.2d 395; Dunn, 653 So.2d 783;
Favorite v. Regional Transit Auth., 552 So.2d 487 (La.App. 4 Cir.
1989); Robertson v. Travis, 393 So.2d 304 (La.App. 1 Cir. 1980),
writs denied, 397 So.2d 805, 806 (La.1981); Bruno, 338 So.2d 713;
Landry v. Travelers Indem. Co., 155 So.2d 102 (La.App. 1st Cir.
1963).

The record indicates that the alleged injury occurred on a school bus. Thus,

the common carrier doctrine is applicable and the plaintiff only had to show that

Jayden, while a passenger on the school bus, suffered an injury and failed to reach

his destination safely. Galland v. New Orleans Pub. Serv., Inc., 377 So.2d 84

(La.1979). Once the plaintiff shows proof of an injury to a passenger, the burden

shifts to the defendant to show that it is free from negligence. Id.

Having addressed that initial consideration, we turn to the defendant’s

assertion that the trial court erred in finding that the plaintiff met her burden of

proof. An appellate court reviews the trial court’s findings of fact under the

manifest error-clearly wrong standard of review. Allerton v. Broussard, 10-2071

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(La. 12/10/10), 50 So.3d 145. After reviewing the record as a whole, if the

appellate court finds that (1) a reasonable factual basis does not exist for a finding

of fact, and (2) the record establishes that the fact finder is clearly wrong or

manifestly erroneous, only then may the appellate court reverse a trial court’s

findings of fact. Id. In so doing, the appellate court should be mindful that

“reasonable evaluations of credibility and reasonable inferences of fact should not

be disturbed upon review where conflict exists in the testimony.” Id. at 147.

However, “where documents or objective evidence so contradict the witness’s

story, or the story itself is so internally inconsistent or implausible on its face, that

a reasonable factfinder would not credit the witness’s story, the court of appeal

may find manifest error or clear wrongness even in a finding purportedly based

upon a credibility determination.” Laday v. Doe, 10-1110, p. 4 (La.App. 3 Cir.

3/16/11), 59 So.3d 516, 520 (citing Rosell v. ESCO, 549 So.2d 840 (La.1989)).

Although the defendant argues that the plaintiff failed to prove that Ms.

Lemoine, the bus driver, was negligent in backing the bus into a wet, grassy area,

we have already determined that the common carrier doctrine is applicable in this

case. Accordingly, it was not incumbent on the plaintiff to prove that Ms. Lemoine

was negligent. Under the common carrier doctrine, the plaintiff only had to show

that Jayden was injured and that he was a passenger on the school bus when he was

injured. Once the plaintiff made that showing, the burden shifted to the defendant

to show that Ms. Lemoine was not negligent. See Galland, 377 So.2d 84.

Further, the defendant asserts that Landry v. Traveler’s Indem. Co., 155

So.2d 102 (La.App. 1 Cir. 1963) is applicable in this case. They assert, pursuant

thereto, that a plaintiff may not recover under the common carrier doctrine “where

the opposing parties present witnesses in equal numbers, even though the evidence

does not show the slightest negligence on the part of defendant.” Id. at 105.
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However, “it is not the number of witnesses which balance the scale of justice. It

is the evaluation of the testimony of the witnesses which count.” Russo v. Mula,

49 So.2d 622, 625 (La.App. 1 Cir. 1950). See also Duhon v. Slickline, Inc., 449

So.2d 1147 (La.App. 3 Cir.), writ denied, 452 So.2d 172 (La.1984).

A review of the record indicates that the plaintiff testified that Jayden told

her that he had been injured on the bus as soon as he returned home and that she

observed swelling and redness in his knee at that time. According to the plaintiff,

after Jayden continued to have complaints, she took him to the doctor. Medical

records submitted into evidence show that Jayden was initially treated by Dr.

Vincent Goux and was later seen by Dr. Darron McCann. Dr. McCann’s records

indicate that he diagnosed Jayden with bilateral knee contusions. The defendant’s

sole witness, Ms. Lemoine, testified that none of the children fell out of their seats

and that no one told her that they had been hurt. However, Ms. Lemoine testified

that she was unable to watch all of the children while she was backing up the bus,

so she might not know if one of the children fell out of his or her seat.

In its reasons for judgment, the trial court credited the plaintiff’s testimony

that Jayden told her about the injury when he arrived home. There are

inconsistencies in the record, e.g., the plaintiff testified that she found out about the

incident as soon as Jayden returned home and Dr. McCann’s records indicate that

the plaintiff found out about the incident approximately a week later. However,

these inconsistencies are not so contradictory for this court to find that the trial

court’s determination that Jayden was injured while he was a passenger on the

school bus is manifestly erroneous.

Further, while Ms. Lemoine testified that there was no sudden jerk or stop

when she backed into the wet, grassy area, she also testified that the bus became

stuck and that she had to wait for another bus to tow her out of the wet, grassy
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area. Given this testimony, in addition to her testimony that she might not know if

one of the children fell out of his or her seat while she was backing up, we find no

error in the trial court’s conclusion that the defendant failed to rebut the

presumption of negligence.

These assignments of error are without merit.

Vicarious Liability

In its remaining assignment of error, the defendant asserts that the trial court

erred in finding it vicariously liable for Ms. Lemoine’s alleged negligence. The

defendant bases this on its assertion that the trial court erred in finding that the

plaintiff had met her burden of proof. As previously discussed, we find no error in

the trial court’s determination that the plaintiff met her burden of proof pursuant to

the common carrier doctrine. Accordingly, the defendant is vicariously liable

because Ms. Lemoine was its employee and was in the course and scope of her

employment at the time of the accident. La.Civ.Code art. 2320; Dunn v. Gentry,

94-1164 (La.App. 3 Cir. 4/5/95), 653 So.2d 783.

This assignment of error is without merit.

DECREE

The judgment of the trial court in favor of the plaintiff, Hope Dauzat, on

behalf of her minor child, Jayden Bradford, is affirmed in all respects. Costs of

this proceeding are allocated to the defendant, the Avoyelles Parish School Board.

AFFIRMED.

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