In the Matter of Cat Island Club, LLC

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

11-1557

IN THE MATTER OF CAT ISLAND CLUB, L.L.C.

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APPEAL FROM THE
NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF RAPIDES, NO. 240,286
HONORABLE HARRY FRED RANDOW, DISTRICT JUDGE

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ULYSSES GENE THIBODEAUX
CHIEF JUDGE

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Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Sylvia R. Cooks, and
Elizabeth A. Pickett, Judges.

AFFIRMED.

William M. Ford
P. O. Box 12424
Alexandria, LA 71315-2424
Telephone: (318) 442-8899
COUNSEL FOR:
Appellee - Court Appointed Liquidator

Charles Ray Minyard
P. O. Box 3642
Lafayette, LA 70502
Telephone: (337) 266-2300
COUNSEL FOR:
Appellee - Craig A. Davis

Ricky L. Sooter
Provosty, Sadler, deLaunay, Fiorenza & Sobel, APC
P. O. Box 1791
Alexandria, LA 71309-1791
Telephone: (318) 445-3631
COUNSEL FOR:
Appellants - Tommy Pentecost and David Gaspard, Jr.

John W. Munsterman
P. O. Box 1848
Alexandria, LA 71309-1848
Telephone: (318) 445-6111
COUNSEL FOR:
Appellee - Ty-Bar Industries, Inc.

THIBODEAUX, Chief Judge.

Two members of a limited liability company appeal the grant of a

summary judgment seeking dissolution of the company and the appointment of a

liquidator of the company’s property. We affirm the trial court’s judgment in favor of

Ty-Bar, one of the members of the limited liability company, for the reasons

expressed below.

I.

ISSUES

We must decide:

(1) whether the trial court erred in granting Ty-Bar’s motion for
summary judgment seeking dissolution of the limited liability
company; and

(2) whether the trial court erred in appointing a liquidator to sell
the property of the limited liability company.

II.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Cat Island Club, L.L.C. (LLC) was formed on March 16, 2000. George

C. Gaiennie, III, registered agent for the LLC, executed the Articles of Organization

and the Initial Report and filed these documents with Louisiana’s Secretary of State.

The Initial Report listed seven initial members of the LLC:

1. Ty-Bar Industries, Inc. (Ty-Bar)
2. Craig A. Davis (Davis)
3. Tommy Pentecost (Pentecost)
4. David L. Gaspard, Jr. (Gaspard)
5. Brent Odom Bencaz (Bencaz)
6. Daniel Thomas Fontenot (Fontenot)
7. Martin James Fischer (Fischer)

Ty-Bar is owned by Dean Tyler and William C. Barron. They solicited

members for the formation of the LLC to purchase land for a hunting and camping

spot in West Feliciana Parish.

On April 7, 2000, Ty-Bar purchased 383.46 acres of land, in its own

name, for $350,000.00 and collected capital contributions from the other members of

the LLC. Pentecost, Gaspard, and Davis made capital contributions of $50,000.00

each, paying $10,000.00 in cash and signing promissory notes for the $40,000.00

balances, in favor of Ty-Bar. Bencaz paid $50,000.00 in cash to Ty-Bar. The record

does not reflect the amount of the capital contribution of Ty-Bar, though it appears

that $50,000.00 was the anticipated amount. Pentecost and Gaspard aver that on April

7, 2000, they signed an original twelve-page Operating Agreement reflecting seven

members who each owned an equal 1/7 membership interest in the company, but they

did not retain a copy for their own files.

Three months later, on July 7, 2000, without amendment or further

documentation, Ty-Bar executed an eleven-page Operating Agreement which lists

only five “initial” members. This Operating Agreement indicates that Ty-Bar owns

3/7 membership interest, and therefore 3/7 of the voting power, in the LLC. It further

contains a new death clause, according to Pentecost and Gaspard, and it is missing the

signature blocks for Fontenot and Fischer, who, as it turns out, never made their

capital contributions. The last page of the Operating Agreement in the record

indicates at the bottom center that it is “Page 11 of 12 Pages.” Pentecost and Gaspard

aver that the twelve-page Operating Agreement they signed in April was changed

after they signed it.

On July 7, 2000, Ty-Bar, as seller, executed an Act of Cash Sale,

conveying the 383.46 acres of land to the LLC, for $500,000.00, not $350,000.00, and

the land was encumbered by Ty-Bar’s mortgage with Red River Bank. The bank’s

mortgage is not in the record, and the amount of the mortgage is not known. As in the

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Operating Agreement, the signature and notary blocks for each of the members of the

LLC are at the back of the sale document, on pages with no text, and are executed and

notarized in different cities. As in the Operating Agreement, Pentecost and Gaspard

signed in Alexandria on April 7, 2000; Bencaz signed in Baton Rouge on April 7,

2000; Craig Davis signed in Lafayette on June 29, 2000; and Ty-Bar signed last, as a

member of the LLC, in Alexandria on July 7, 2000.1

Bencaz died, and his representative sold his interest in July 2010 to the

other members of the LLC for $22,000.00. Pentecost and Gaspard believed, prior to

Bencaz’s death, that each member owned an equal 1/5 of the LLC. Pentecost and

Gaspard transmitted $22,000.00 for Bencaz’s interest, but $11,000.00 was returned to

them. Ultimately, Ty-Bar purchased one half of Bencaz’s interest for $11,000.00, and

Pentecost and Gaspard purchased the other half for $5,500.00 each. The fourth

remaining member, Craig Davis, did not purchase any of Bencaz’s interest.

In December 2010, Ty-Bar filed a petition to dissolve the LLC and

subsequently filed a motion for summary judgment on that issue. Craig Davis

supported dissolution. Pentecost and Gaspard filed an opposition. The trial court

granted the motion for summary judgment ordering dissolution of the LLC, and it

appointed William Ford as liquidator. Pentecost and Gaspard filed this appeal.

III.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

Appellate courts review summary judgments de novo, applying the same

criteria as the district court in determining whether summary judgment is appropriate.

Schroeder v. Board of Supervisors of Louisiana State Univ., 591 So.2d 342 (La.1991).

A summary judgment shall be granted if the pleadings, depositions, answers to

1
On July 2, 2001, a year after selling the land to the LLC, Ty-Bar sold timber off of the land
to Tyler Timber, Inc. for $190,500.00. Dean Tyler signed as buyer for Tyler Timber, Inc. While
there was no reservation of timber rights in the sale document, Pentecost and Gaspard aver that it
was discussed by the members of the LLC that Ty-Bar would receive the first timber proceeds as
payment for its interest in the LLC.
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interrogatories, admissions on file, and affidavits show that there is no genuine issue

of material fact and that the mover is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. La.Code

Civ.P. art. 966(B).

IV.

LAW AND DISCUSSION

Pentecost and Gaspard contend that the trial court erred in granting Ty-

Bar’s motion for summary judgment seeking dissolution of the LLC. They argue that

dissolution of the LLC and liquidation of the property was improper and that the asset,

the land, should be put in the possession of the members and partitioned in kind.

Dissolution

The formation and operation of limited liability companies in Louisiana

is governed by La.R.S. 12:1301, et seq. In his Written Reasons for Judgment, the trial

judge took the eleven-page Operating Agreement at face value and found that the

majority votes of the LLC (Ty-Bar’s 3/7 and Davis’s 1/7) had approved dissolution

under La.R.S. 12:1318. We find that judicial dissolution was proper under La.R.S.

12:1335, but not dissolution based upon majority consent under La.R.S. 12:1318,

because of the disputes over the Operating Agreement, the percentages of membership

interests expressed in the Operating Agreement, and the manner in which the

deceased member’s interest was acquired. The statutory distinction is significant

because it affects the distribution of the net assets after liquidation.

More specifically, La.R.S. 12:1334, entitled “Dissolution,” provides in

pertinent part:

Except as provided in the articles of organization
or a written operating agreement, a limited liability
company is dissolved and its affairs shall be wound up
upon the first to occur of the following:
....

4

(2) The consent of its members in accordance with
R.S. 12:1318.
....
(4) Entry of a decree of judicial dissolution under
R.S. 12:1335.

Here, the Articles of Organization are very general and only address

dissolution to the extent that a person dealing with the LLC can rely upon a certificate

executed by a representative of Ty-Bar. The Operating Agreement entered into the

record does not specifically address the dissolution of the LLC, and the portion stating

that Ty-Bar’s membership interest is greater is in dispute. Therefore, based upon

La.R.S. 12:1334(2), if the LLC’s Operating Agreement or its Articles of Organization

do not provide for the dissolution of the company, the LLC can be dissolved by the

consent of the majority under La.R.S. 12:1318.

Statutory dissolution by consent under La.R.S. 12:1318 provides that one

member gets a single vote, and it takes a majority of those single votes to dissolve the

LLC. More specifically, in pertinent part, La.R.S. 12:1318, entitled, “Voting rights of

members,” provides (emphasis added):

A. Unless otherwise provided in the articles of
organization or a written operating agreement, each
member of a limited liability company shall be entitled to
cast a single vote on all matters properly brought before
the members, and all decisions of the members shall be
made by majority vote of the members.

B. Unless otherwise provided in the articles of
organization or a written Operating agreement, a majority
vote of the members shall be required to approve . . . :

(1) The dissolution and winding up of the limited
liability company.

(2) The sale, exchange, lease, mortgage, pledge, or
other transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the
limited liability company.

5

Here, since Bencaz passed away, there are only four remaining members

of the LLC. With Davis and Ty-Bar voting in favor of dissolution, and Pentecost and

Gaspard voting against it, the vote is two for and two against, and there is no majority

consent under R.S. 12:1318, and, therefore, no consent under the consent portion of

the dissolution statute, La.R.S. 12:1334(2).2

Notwithstanding, an LLC can also be dissolved under La.R.S. 12:1334(4)

through the entry of a decree of dissolution under La.R.S. 12:1335. Section 1335,

entitled “Judicial dissolution,” provides:

On application by or for a member, any court of
competent jurisdiction may decree dissolution of a
limited liability company whenever it is not reasonably
practicable to carry on the business in conformity with
the articles of organization or operating agreement.

While Pentecost and Gaspard argue that judicial dissolution under

La.R.S. 12:1335 is not applicable because it is still “reasonably practicable” to carry

on the business of the LLC, we disagree. Numerous assertions and accusations have

arisen surrounding the operation of the LLC and the ownership interest of the

members. There also appear to be competing interests regarding the use of the land,

the only asset of the company, and the reason for which the LLC was created. In

alleging a fraudulent Operating Agreement, Pentecost and Gaspard clearly believe

there is self-dealing on the part of Ty-Bar. Ty-Bar and Davis want dissolution and

liquidation of the land while Pentecost and Gaspard do not. The members have

2
Pentecost and Gaspard assert that prior to Bencaz’s death, they believed that the five
members, Ty-Bar, Davis, Bencaz, Pentecost, and Gaspard, each owned 1/5 of the LLC. Ty-Bar
argues that Pentecost and Gaspard had to have known that Ty-Bar had a greater interest because
when they purchased part of Bencaz’s interest, the Cash Sale stated that Ty-Bar was buying 3/6 of
Bencaz’s interest, and that Davis, Pentecost, and Gaspard were buying 1/6 each of Bencaz’s interest.
We find that of no moment for several reasons: the Cash Sale in the record is not signed by any
LLC member; it does not represent what ultimately occurred, as Davis did not purchase any of
Bencaz’s interest; it is dated July 15, 2010, ten years after the LLC’s formation and just five months
before Ty-Bar filed its petition for dissolution; Pentecost and Gaspard aver that they sent a check for
$22,000.00 to purchase Bencaz’s interest, but one half, or $11,000.00, of their transmittal was
returned to them.
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clearly reached an inability to work toward any goals or reasons for continued

association with each other.

There is very little Louisiana jurisprudence interpreting the limited

liability statutes, even though the Limited Liability Company Law has been enacted

since 1992. We find Weinmann v. Duhon, 01-1267 (La.App. 5 Cir. 3/26/02), 818

So.2d 206, writ denied, 02-2082 (La. 11/1/02), 828 So.2d 574, on subsequent appeal,

08-186 (La.App. 5 Cir. 10/28/08), 997 So.2d 647, writs denied, 08-2814, 08-2815, 08-

2830 (La. 3/13/09), 5 So.3d 117-118, instructive in its application of La.R.S. 12:1335.

There, the fifth circuit found that the trial court lacked authority to set aside various

provisions of the LLC’s operating agreement that had led to an impasse among its

members, and that the court should have ordered the LLC’s dissolution after it was

requested by two of its owners.

Similarly, we find that it is not reasonably practicable to carry on

business among the members and that judicial dissolution was proper under La.R.S.

12:1334(4) and La.R.S. 12:1335.

Liquidation

Pentecost and Gaspard take the position that instead of dissolution and

liquidation, the only asset of the LLC, the 383.46 acres of land, should be placed in

the possession of the members, so that they can effect a partition in kind. Ty-Bar and

Davis argue that this would result in another lawsuit and that the trial court was

authorized to appoint a liquidator under La.R.S. 12:1335 and La.R.S. 12:1336(B).

The trial court found that Pentecost and Gaspard had no interest in the land itself

under La. R.S. 12:1329 and, therefore, had no cause of action for a partition of the

land. The court then appointed the liquidator, William Ford. Pentecost and Gaspard

assert that it was error to do so. We disagree.

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Louisiana Revised Statute 12:1329 states that: “[a] membership interest

shall be an incorporeal movable. A member shall have no interest in limited liability

company property.” Our jurisprudence has interpreted this to mean that individuals

cannot assert property claims as members of an LLC where the disputed property

interests are the property of the separate legal entity. See Kelly v. Porter, 08-4310

(U.S. E.D. La. 1/22/10), 687 F.Supp.2d 632; Northeast Realty, L.L.C. v. Misty Bayou,

L.L.C., 40,573 (La.App. 2 Cir. 1/25/06), 920 So.2d 938; Van Meter v. Gutierrez, 04-

0706 (La.App. 4 Cir. 2/16/05), 897 So.2d 786.

We note however, that, while the statutes prohibit a member from

demanding that a distribution be in the form of property, see La.R.S. 12:1326, 3 in

post-dissolution proceedings, the statutes do not prohibit the liquidator from making a

distribution in the form of movable or immovable property. See La.R.S. 12:1340(D).4

Additionally, La.R.S. 12:1336, entitled “Winding up,” provides for the

appointment of a liquidator, as follows (emphasis added):

A. Except as otherwise provided in the articles
of organization or a written operating agreement, upon
dissolution the members shall wind up the limited
liability company's affairs. The windup of the limited
liability company’s affairs may be conducted by
appointment of one or more liquidators to conduct the
windup and liquidation. However, such appointment
shall not be operative until both of the following occur:

3
Louisiana Revised Statute 12:1326, entitled “Distribution in kind,” provides:
Except as provided in a written operating agreement, a member, regardless
of the nature of the member’s contribution, shall have no right to demand and
receive any distribution from a limited liability company in any form other than
cash. No member shall be compelled to accept from a limited liability company a
distribution of any asset in kind to the extent that the percentage of the asset
distributed to the member exceeds the percentage in which the member shares in
distributions from the limited liability company.
4
Louisiana Revised Statute 12:1340, entitled, “Certificate of dissolution; assets omitted from
liquidation; post-dissolution proceedings,” provides at Subsection (D):
Any movable or immovable property inadvertently or otherwise omitted
from the liquidation shall vest in the members conducting the liquidation or
liquidator, for the benefit of the persons entitled thereto, and be distributed
accordingly.
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(1) Notice of authorization of the dissolution,
stating that the limited liability company is to be
liquidated out of court and giving the name and post
office address of each liquidator, has been published at
least once in a newspaper of general circulation in the
parish in which the limited liability company’s registered
office is located, and a copy of such notice, with the
affidavit of the publisher of the newspaper to the fact of
such publication attached, has been filed with the
secretary of state.

(2) Articles of dissolution have been filed with
the secretary of state in accordance with R.S. 12:1339.

B. However, any court of competent jurisdiction
may wind up the limited liability company's affairs on
application of any member or his legal representative or
assignee or of any liquidator.

The authority to appoint a liquidator is also given to the court under

La.R.S. 12:1340(E).5

Here, the trial judge stated in his judgment that he was appointing Mr.

Ford to serve as liquidator with all of the authority granted to him under La.R.S.

12:145(C). This statute is found in Louisiana’s Business Corporation Law, but it is

nevertheless applicable. “All limited liability companies, regardless of date of

organization, shall have the powers, rights, and privileges provided for a corporation

organized under the Business Corporation Law (R.S. 12:1 et seq.), and provided for a

partnership organized under Title XI of Book III of the Louisiana Civil Code.”

La.R.S. 12:1303. The trial court’s judgment further stated that the liquidator would be

subject to the court’s supervision, and that any party could seek relief from the trial

court for any decisions made by the liquidator. We find no error in the trial court’s

5
Louisiana Revised Statute 12:1340, entitled, “Certificate of dissolution; assets omitted from
liquidation; post-dissolution proceedings,” provides at Subsection (E):
Following cessation of the separate existence, the members conducting the
liquidation or liquidator shall still have power to take all action required to
preserve the interests of the limited liability company, its creditors, and members.
The court shall have power, on application by any interested party, to appoint, ex
parte or on such notice as the court may order, a liquidator or new liquidator for
any proper purpose in case of the death, disability, or unwillingness to serve of the
last previous liquidator or last member.
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appointment of a liquidator, subject to the trial court’s supervision and the liquidator’s

adherence to the Limited Liability Company Law, La.R.S. 12:1301, et seq, and the

findings expressed in this opinion.

With regard to the final distribution, the trial court found that the

proceeds from the sale of the land should be distributed under La.R.S. 12:1337, 6 first

to return the capital investment to each member, and then to distribute the remainder

of the proceeds to each member based upon each member’s interest in the LLC. This

is correct, though the membership interests in this case are not yet established in the

record of this appeal.

V.

CONCLUSION

Based upon the foregoing, we affirm summary judgment based upon

judicial dissolution under La.R.S. 12:1335, and we affirm the appointment of a

liquidator subject to the court’s supervision and the Limited Liability Company Law

at La.R.S. 12:1301, et seq.

Costs are assessed against Tommy Pentecost and David L. Gaspard, Jr.

AFFIRMED.

6
La.R.S. 12:1337, entitled, “Distribution of assets,” provides in pertinent part:
A. Upon the winding up of a limited liability company, any assets
remaining after paying or adequately providing for the payment of all debts and
liabilities of the limited liability company, including all costs and expenses of the
liquidation and any and all contingent liabilities of which the members or
liquidator has knowledge, shall be distributed as follows:

....

(2) Except as provided in the articles of organization or a written
Operating Agreement, to members and former members, first, for the return of
their capital contributions, and secondly, respecting their membership interests, in
the proportions in which the members share in distributions.
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