Frank L. Maxie v. Harmie Maxie

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

14-1085

FRANK L. MAXIE & JACQUELINE MAXIE

VERSUS

HARMIE MAXIE

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APPEAL FROM THE
ELEVENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF SABINE, NO. 63,115
HONORABLE STEPHEN B. BEASLEY, DISTRICT JUDGE

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JIMMIE C. PETERS
JUDGE

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Court composed of Jimmie C. Peters, Billy H. Ezell, and James T. Genovese,
Judges.

AFFIRMED.
Ezell, J., dissents with reasons.

Jeffrey H. Thomas
Thomas Law Firm
P. O. Box 2177
Natchitoches, LA 71457-2177
(318) 352-6455
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT:
Harmie Maxie

William D. Dyess
The Dyess Law Firm
870 West Main Street
P.O. Drawer 420
Many, LA 71449-0420
(318) 256-5667
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFFS/APPELLEES:
Frank L. Maxie
Jacqueline Maxie

PETERS, J.

Harmie Maxie (Harmie) appeals a trial court judgment ordering the partition

by licitation of immovable property owned by him and his brother and sister-in-

law, Frank and Jacqueline Maxie (Frank and Jacqueline). For the following

reasons, we affirm the trial court judgment.

DISCUSSION OF THE RECORD

The immovable property at issue is a twenty acre tract located near Florein,

Louisiana, in Sabine Parish, and was previously owned by the deceased parents of

Harmie and Frank.1 After his mother died in 2009, Frank and Jacqueline acquired

the undivided interests of Frank’s father and eight of his eleven siblings; and in

their August 25, 2010 petition to partition the property by licitation, Frank and

Jacqueline named Harmie and the remaining two siblings as defendants. However,

before the matter went to trial on May 7, 2012, Harmie acquired the undivided

interests of the two codefendants. Thus, when the matter went to trial, Frank and

Jacqueline owned an undivided 87.5 percent interest in the twenty acres, 2 and

Harmie owned the remaining undivided 12.5 percent interest.

Following the completion of the evidentiary phase of the trial and the

submission of post-trial memoranda, the trial court rendered judgment finding that

the twenty acres was not susceptible to partition in kind and ordering that it be sold

by the Sabine Parish Sheriff’s Office at public sale without appraisal, but with a

minimum acceptable bid of $35,000.00. The trial court further ordered that after

1
The mother and father are never named in the record although the record does establish
that Harmie and Frank are two of twelve siblings.
2
Although a part of the interest claimed by Frank and Jacqueline was inherited by Frank,
the parties stipulated that Frank and Jacqueline jointly owned the full 87.5 percent interest.

all costs were paid, the remaining proceeds were to be divided between the

litigants according to their percentage of ownership.3

The trial court executed a written judgment to this effect on June 25, 2012,

and Harmie filed a motion for new trial on July 5, 2012. Finding this motion to be

untimely, the trial court denied it on July 6, 2012. This court granted Harmie’s

application for supervisory writs and reversed the trial court’s denial of the motion

for new trial. Maxie v. Maxie, 12-1014 (La.App. 3 Cir. 11/30/12) (unpublished

opinion).4 On remand, the trial court rendered a May 21, 2013 order granting the

motion for new trial, but limited the relief to “presenting evidence as to the funds

purportedly spent on improvements to the subject immovable property.”

The trial court heard evidence on this issue on June 17, 2014, and following

the submission of additional memoranda, executed a second judgment on August

19, 2014. In this judgment, the trial court awarded Harmie $857.50, which

represents reimbursement of costs for gravel delivered to the twenty acres. The

trial court rejected his remaining requests for reimbursement. On September 5,

2014, Harmie perfected the appeal now before us. In his appeal, he asserts in his

one assignment of error that the trial court erred in concluding the twenty acres

was not susceptible to partition in kind.

OPINION

Louisiana Civil Code article 807 provides that “[n]o one may be compelled

to hold a thing in indivision with another unless the contrary has been provided by

3
The judgment also ordered that $312.50 be deducted from the net proceeds due Harmie
and paid to Frank and Jacqueline as Harmie’s proportionate share of the cost of an appraisal
prepared for, and paid for by, Frank and Jacqueline.
4
Harmie also filed a devolutive appeal on June 25, 2012, and this court lodged that
appeal on October 6, 2012. After granting Harmie’s supervisory writ relief, this court rendered
an opinion dismissing the appeal as premature. Maxie v. Maxie, 12-1240 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/13/13)
(unpublished opinion).

2

law or juridical act.” When the co-owners cannot agree on the manner of partition

of the thing held in indivision, “a co-owner may demand judicial partition.”

La.Civ.Code art. 809. With regard to judicial partitions, La.Code Civ.P. art. 4606

provides that “[e]xcept as otherwise provided by law, or unless the property is

indivisible by nature or cannot be conveniently divided, the court shall order the

partition to be made in kind.” Furthermore,

The court shall decree partition in kind when the thing held in
indivision is susceptible to division into as many lots of nearly equal
value as there are shares and the aggregate value of all lots is not
significantly lower than the value of the property in the state of
indivision.

La.Civ.Code art. 810.

Generally, partition in kind is favored over partition by licitation. Tri-State

Concrete Co. Inc., v. Stephens, 406 So.2d 205 (La.1981). However, “[p]roperty

cannot be conveniently divided when a diminution of its value, or loss or

inconvenience for one of the owners, would be the consequence of dividing it.” Id.

at 207. Additionally, if the property is indivisible by nature or cannot be

conveniently divided, “the court shall decree a partition by licitation or by private

sale and the proceeds shall be distributed to the co-owners in proportion to their

shares.” La.Civ.Code art. 811. Furthermore, as discussed in Cooper v. Buxton, 07-

1192, pp. 1-2 (La.App. 3 Cir. 4/2/08), 979 So.2d 1291, 1292 “[t]he party seeking

partition by licitation has the burden of proving that the property cannot be divided

in kind[,]” and “[t]he decision of whether to divide property in kind or by licitation

is a question of fact to be decided by the trial court.” Additionally, it is well settled

that a reviewing court may not set aside a factfinder’s determinations absent

manifest error. Stobart v. State through Dep’t of Transp. & Dev., 617 So.2d 880

(La.1993). The question to be answered is whether there exists in the record a

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reasonable basis for the trial court’s findings, and if so, the trial court’s decision

cannot be reversed. Lewis v. State, Through the Department of Transportation and

Development, 94-2370 (La. 4/21/95), 654 So.2d 311. Where there are two

permissive views of evidence, a factfinder’s choice between them cannot be

manifestly erroneous or clearly wrong. Id.

The evidentiary record establishes that the twenty acres is rural in nature and

the written appraisal prepared by David M. Brewer, an Alexandria, Louisiana,

commercial real estate appraiser, describes the acreage as follows:

The subject tract is a tract of hill land off of Pilgrims Star Road,
having no frontage and being burdened by an utility right of way
easement which contains approximately 4.41 acres of the 20 acres
subject tract or 22.0%. the property has two residences on it that will
not be included in the value conclusion. There are 7.79 acres of
usable land on the front 10 acres of the tract with the balance being
subject to the utility easement. The rear 10 acres which includes
approximately 2.20 acres of utility easement right of way, drops
approximately 86 feet from the small shed to the southwest corner of
the property which limits the utility of this portion of the property.
The balance of the rear tract is timberland.

The utility right of way described by Mr. Brewer in his written appraisal contains a

major electrical distribution line. The right of way is described as being 150 feet

wide and traverses the twenty acres from the front to the rear. Additionally, the

7.79 acres of usable land described by Mr. Brewer contains two trailer homes, a

barn, and a pond. Harmie lives in one of the trailers, and his sister, Shirley Gipson,

lives in the other. The property line which lies closest to, and parallels Pilgrim Star

Road, is 660 feet. Access to Pilgrim Star Road is by way of a gravel road located

within the utility right of way.

At trial, Frank and Harmie testified, but their testimony merely related to

their individual desires for a particular result in the litigation: Frank testified that

he and Jacqueline wished to effect a partition by licitation, and Harmie testified to

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his desire for a partition in kind. Both litigants provided the trial court with expert

evidence addressing these issues with Frank and Jacqueline relying on the

testimony of Mr. Brewer and Douglas Dockens, a Louisiana 5 registered land

surveyor; and with Harmie relying on the testimony of Gary Krize, a Sabine Parish

real estate appraiser. The trial court accepted all three men as experts in their

respective fields. Both Mr. Brewer and Mr. Dockens were of the opinion that the

twenty acres could not be could be conveniently partitioned in kind without a

diminution of its value and/or a loss or inconvenience to either of the owners; and

Mr. Krize reached a contrary conclusion.

Mr. Brewer presented the only testimony concerning the value of the twenty

acres, and set that value at $35,000.00.6 However, while acknowledging that some

areas within the twenty acres were more valuable than others, he did not explain

how he differentiated between these areas in reaching the overall value. With

regard to the divisibility question, Mr. Brewer was of the opinion that the

significant variations in the topography of the twenty acres precluded partition in

kind. He noted that the acreage closest to Pilgrim Star Road is relatively level

while the rear acreage descends into a creek. According to Mr. Brewer, the best

use of the acreage as a whole would be for recreational activities and timber

growth, and both activities would be better served if the acreage remained

undivided. He further opined that any attempt to divide the acreage where each

litigant would receive his pro rata share of the three specified areas (the cleared

acreage, the acreage affected by the utility right of way, and the timber acreage)
5
The record does not reflect Mr. Dockens’ domicile or business location other than he is
licensed in Louisiana.
6
According to Mr. Brewer, the entire twenty acres was worth $35,000.00, but different
parts of the acreage were worth more than others because of the difference in topography.

5

would not be financially feasible. In performing his analysis, he made no attempt

to divide the acreage into individual lots, but simply took into consideration the

existence of the utility right of way and the difference in topography throughout

the acreage.

Mr. Dockens testified that he completed a preliminary survey 7 of the twenty

acres, but never completed an acceptable survey. Additionally, even though he did

go to the property, he did not walk to the rear of the acreage and could not testify

concerning the topography in that area. On direct examination, he opined that the

property could not be partitioned in kind. However, when asked on cross-

examination if he and a real estate appraiser could work together and effect a

division of the acreage into eight lots which would be close to equal in value, he

testified that the task “would be very difficult but it could probably be done.” He

explained that the difficulty lay in effecting the values for each lot.

Mr. Krize physically traversed the twenty acres, examined photographs of

the area, and reviewed the partial survey prepared by Mr. Dockens prior to

testifying. He was of the opinion that the utility right of way precluded the

development of the acreage for “high end” residential purposes, but that the

acreage could be divided into lots for trailer homes and similar structures. In his

opinion, the acreage could easily be divided into eight lots of equal although the

lots would not be the same size.

While the trial court did not provide reasons for the judgment rendered, it

obviously accepted the testimony of Frank and Jacqueline’s experts and concluded

that partition by licitation is the appropriate remedy. Harmie argues that reliance

on the testimony of Mr. Brewer and Mr. Dockens was error because they made no

7
This preliminary survey was not offered into evidence.

6

effort to divide the acreage into lots before concluding that it could not be divided

in kind. Absent such an effort, Harmie argues, Frank and Jacqueline failed in their

burden of showing that the property could not be divided in kind.

We find no merit in this argument. Mr. Brewer opined that the existing

utility right of way and the overall topography of the twenty acres precluded a

financially feasible partition in kind; and while acknowledging that a division of

the acreage into eight lots “could probably be done[,]”, he modified that statement

by saying “it would be very difficult.” Thus, both experts were of the opinion that

the twenty acres could not be “conveniently divided” as required by La.Code Civ.P.

art. 4606, and Mr. Brewer was of the opinion that because the highest and best use

of the acreage was timber growth and recreation, a partition in kind would defeat

that usage.

While Mr. Krize was of the opinion that the property could be easily divided

into eight equally valued lots, he presented nothing to support this position. Thus,

the trial court was left without evidence regarding the cost of the survey which

would be required to subdivide the acreage, or the appraisal cost to establish the

value of each lot. Without specifics, the trial court could easily have concluded

that the cost of a partition in kind would cause a diminution in the value of the

property as a whole.

We find no manifest error in the trial court’s obvious reliance on the

testimony of Mr. Brewer and Mr. Dockens and the rejection of Mr. Krize’s

testimony. Therefore, we find no merit in Harmie’s sole assignment of error.

DISPOSITION

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court judgment rendered in

favor of Frank L. Maxie and Jacqueline Maxie and against Harmie Maxie, ordering

7

the partition by licitation of the twenty acres at issue in this litigation. We assess

all costs of this appeal to Harmie Maxie.

AFFIRMED.

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STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

14-1085

FRANK L. MAXIE & JACQUELINE MAXIE

VERSUS

HARMIE MAXIE

EZELL, Judge, dissenting.

I will dissent on the issue of whether the property can be partitioned in kind.

There is a preference given by law to partition in kind. The basis for that is that

property rights and ownership of property by individuals are the foundation upon

which the nation and states were founded. The one thing that is a fact, “there is no

more land being made.”

There is evidence in the record that the property in dispute can be partitioned

in kind and that does not mean that you must have equal size parcels but that you

have parcels that are equal in value.

The burden of proving that the property cannot be partitioned in kind is on

the party moving for partition by licitation and in this case I find that proof lacking.

I respectfully dissent from the majority in this matter.