Harvey Altemus v. Helen Jeanne Boudreaux

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

15-725

HARVEY ALTEMUS

VERSUS

HELEN JEANNE BOUDREAUX, ET AL.

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APPEAL FROM THE
SIXTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF ST. MARTIN, NO. 80675
HONORABLE EDWARD M. LEONARD, JR., DISTRICT JUDGE

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ULYSSES GENE THIBODEAUX
CHIEF JUDGE

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Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, James T. Genovese,
and David Kent Savoie, Judges.

AFFIRMED.

Randy Paul Angelle
Boyer, Hebert, Abels & Angelle
401 E. Mills Avenue
Breaux Bridge, LA 70517
Telephone: (337) 332-0616
COUNSEL FOR:
Plaintiff/Appellee - Harvey Altemus

Henry Camille Perret, Jr.
Perret, Doise
P. O. Box 53789
Lafayette, LA 70505
Telephone: (337) 593-4900
COUNSEL FOR:
Defendants/Appellees - Michael Marks and Phyllis Marks

Keith Edward Thibodeaux
422 South Main Street
St. Martinville, LA 70582
Telephone: (337) 394-3034
COUNSEL FOR:
Defendants/Appellants - Helen Jeanne Boudreaux, et al.

James D. “Buddy” Caldwell
Attorney General
Candice L. Rogers
Ryan M. Seidemann
State of Louisiana, Department of Justice
P. O. Box 94005
Baton Rouge, LA 70804-9005
Telephone: (225) 326-6085
COUNSEL FOR:
Defendant/Appellee - State of La., Div. of Admin., State Land Office

THIBODEAUX, Chief Judge.

Helene Jeanne Boudreaux, Faye Guidry Hebert, Shelby Guilbeau, and

Michael Kidder, D/B/A Kidder Corporation (collectively “Appellants”) appeal a

trial court judgment granting Harvey Altemus a predial servitude of passage across

Appellants’ property and declining to award damages. Mr. Altemus owns property

in St. Martin Parish that is bordered by a public borrow canal on one side but is

otherwise surrounded by land of others. Since 1974, Mr. Altemus has accessed his

property by using a thirty-foot-wide wood trail (“the wood trail”) that crosses

property now owned by Appellants. That use ended when Appellants erected a

fence across the wood trail and put up “No Trespassing” signs.

Mr. Altemus filed a petition for a declaratory judgment to establish a

right of passage over Appellants’ property and property belonging to the State of

Louisiana (“the State”) and Michael and Phyllis Marks (“Marks”). Before trial,

Mr. Altemus signed Joint Stipulation and Consent Judgment agreements (“Consent

Judgments”) with the State and Marks giving him permission to use the wood trail

where it crossed their property. Evidence of the Consent Judgments was

introduced after the trial court denied Appellants’ Motion in Limine and Motion to

Strike (“Motion”).

After a trial on the merits, the trial court granted Mr. Altemus “a thirty

(30”) [sic] foot right of way and predial servitude of passage, known as the wood

trail” across Appellants’ property. The court declined to award damages to either

party. For the following reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

I.

ISSUES

We are entreated to decide:

1. whether the trial court erred in granting Mr. Altemus a
predial servitude over Appellants’ property;

2. whether the trial court erred in denying Appellants’ Motion;
and

3. whether the trial court erred in declining to award damages to
Appellants.

II.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Harvey Altemus is a co-owner in indivision of property in St. Martin

Parish known as the Ovide Daigle, Sr., Estate (“the Daigle tract”). The Daigle

tract abuts a public borrow canal but is otherwise completely surrounded by land

belonging to Appellants, the State, and Marks. The Daigle tract has no direct

access to Herman Dupuis Road, the public road nearest to the property, other than

via the canal.

Atchafalaya Land Corporation (“Atchafalaya”) owned the property

before conveying it to Appellants and the State. Beginning in 1974, Mr. Altemus

was permitted to park on Marks’s property and access his property via a thirty-

foot-wide wood trail that crossed Atchafalaya’s land. In 1998, Mr. Altemus

learned of Atchafalaya’s plans to sell or donate the property surrounding the

Daigle tract to the State. On May 1, 2000, Mr. Altemus and Atchafalaya executed

an “Access Permit” that gave Mr. Altemus permission to continue using the wood

trail to access the Daigle tract. The Access Permit was not recorded in the public

records. Atchafalaya then transferred land abutting the Daigle tract to the State.

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Atchafalaya also sold several parcels of the land bordering Herman Dupuis Road

to Appellants or their ancestors in title. The sale to Appellant Boudreaux and her

ancestors in title included reference to a “30’ [sic] Right-of-Way and Servitude of

Passage herein specifically and by operation of law reserved by the State of

Louisiana as the dominant estate for the use by the general public[.]” The sales to

Appellants Kidder Corporation, Guilbeau, and Hebert were made “subject to all

easements, servitudes, restrictions, and rights-of-way of record and existing at the

time of the execution of this sale.”

Mr. Altemus continued using the wood trail after the land was

transferred. In 2010, Appellant Boudreaux met Mr. Altemus for the first time on

the wood trail and afterward asked the State to cancel the Access Permit. The

State complied and sent Mr. Altemus a letter cancelling the permit. Mr. Altemus

then discovered that the Access Permit had never been recorded; he recorded it

sometime in 2011. After the State cancelled the Access Permit, Appellant

Boudreaux put up a fence where the wood trail crossed her property, blocking Mr.

Altemus’s access to his property. Appellants Hebert and Guilbeau posted “No

Trespassing” signs on their property, blocking entrance to the wood trail.

Mr. Altemus filed his first Petition for Declaratory Judgment and for

Damages (“Petition”) on September 4, 2013, naming Appellants and the State as

defendants and seeking recognition of a “30 foot apparent servitude” and damages

for interference with Mr. Altemus’s use of the servitude. Marks was joined in the

suit when Mr. Altemus filed the “Second Supplemental and Amended Petition for

Declaratory Judgment, for Damages, and in the Alternative, for a Right of

Passage.” Appellants responded that Mr. Altemus was entitled to neither an

enclosed estate servitude nor a servitude by acquisitive prescription, and that the

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Access Permit did not establish a conventional predial servitude. The State and

Marks, however, entered into Consent Judgments with Mr. Altemus. In response

to those agreements, Appellants filed the Motion,1 which sought to strike the

“execution, filing, recordation and/or as presentation of evidence” of the Consent

Judgments.

After a trial on the merits, the court granted Mr. Altemus a “a thirty

(30”) [sic] foot right of way and predial servitude of passage, known as the wood

trail” across Appellants’ property. In its Reasons for Judgment, the trial court

indicated that the Daigle tract was an “enclosed tract” within the purview of

La.Civ.Code art. 689 and that the estate had been sold to Appellants “subject to a

… servitude of passage, thus creating a predial servitude of passage both legal and

acquired by title.” Appellants filed a timely appeal, asserting that the trial court

erred in granting Mr. Altemus any servitude, denying Appellants’ Motion, and

failing to award Appellants damages under La.Civ.Code art. 689.

III.

LAW AND DISCUSSION

Granting of a Predial Servitude

Appellants argue that the trial court erred in granting Mr. Altemus a

predial servitude over Appellants’ property. Specifically, Appellants contend: 1)

Mr. Altemus’s property did not need passage over Appellants’ property as an

enclosed estate because there was suitable alternate access; 2) Mr. Altemus did not

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Appellants in fact filed two versions of the Motion. The first addressed the Consent
Judgment between Mr. Altemus and the State. The second Motion, which was filed
simultaneously with Appellants’ “Answer to First and Second Supplemental and Amended
Petition for Declaratory Judgment, for Damages, and in the Alternative, for a Right of Passage,”
addressed the agreement between Mr. Altemus and Marks. For the sake of simplicity, and
because the parties do the same in brief, we will address the two versions as a single Motion.

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obtain a servitude through acquisitive prescription; and 3) Appellants did not

acquire their property subject to a conventional predial servitude.

Appellants contend that since Mr. Altemus’s property can be accessed

by a public borrow canal, there is no reason to burden Appellants’ property with a

servitude. Louisiana Civil Code Article 689 provides that “[t]he owner of an estate

that has no access to a public road or utility may claim a right of passage over

neighboring property to the nearest public road or utility.” That right of passage

“generally shall be taken along the shortest route from the enclosed estate to the

public road or utility at the location least injurious to the intervening lands.”

La.Civ.Code art. 692. The estate providing the shortest route to the nearest public

road must provide the right of passage unless that route is covered by water or is

otherwise not accessible year-round, or the costs associated with that route make it

economically unfeasible. May v. Miller, 06-418 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/11/06), 941

So.2d 661, writ denied, 07-9 (La. 3/9/07), 949 So.2d 443 (citing Davis v.

Culpepper, 34,736 (La.App. 2 Cir. 7/11/01), 794 So.2d 68, writ denied, 01-2573

(La. 12/14/01), 804 So.2d 646 (citations omitted)). The trial court’s choice of

route connecting an enclosed estate to the public road is reviewed for manifest

error. Id.

Here, the trial court granted Mr. Altemus a predial servitude of

passage over the wood trail on the basis that “the Daigle tract is an enclosed

estate.” Appellants do not contend that the wood trail is not the shortest route

between Mr. Altemus’s property and Herman Dupuis Road. Instead, Appellants

argue that since the public borrow canal is less injurious to Appellants’ property

than the wood trail, the trial court erred in granting a servitude over the wood trail.

But, La.Civ.Code art. 689 requires access to a public road; access to a public

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waterway is irrelevant. Bailey v. McNeely, 05-629 (La.App. 3 Cir. 12/30/05), 918

So.2d 1124. Moreover, Appellants have not shown that the costs associated with

the wood trail make use of it economically unfeasible, nor any other grounds that

would warrant a different location for the servitude. Therefore, we cannot find

manifest error in the trial court’s judgment to grant Mr. Altemus a predial servitude

over the wood trail. Having found that the Daigle tract is enclosed and is entitled

to a predial servitude under La.Civ.Code art. 689, we need not discuss whether a

conventional predial servitude existed or whether a servitude was created by

acquisitive prescription.

Motion in Limine and Motion to Strike

Appellants next assert that the trial court erred in denying their

Motion in Limine and Motion to Strike. Appellants argue that the Consent

Judgments signed by Mr. Altemus, the State, and Marks “attempt to supplant the

exclusive authority” of the trial court to grant enclosed estate servitudes.

Appellants filed their Motion in order to strike the “execution, filing, recordation

and/or as presentation of evidence” of those Consent Judgments. They argue here

that the trial court erred in denying the Motion and failing to include the State and

Marks in the judgment creating the predial servitude.

However, Appellants may not attack the Consent Judgments through

an appeal of a collateral judgment. An appeal is not the appropriate remedy to

obtain relief from a consent judgment. Lee v. Marksville Ford L/M, Inc., 99-405

(La.App. 3 Cir. 5/19/99), 741 So.2d 122. Furthermore, unless a consent judgment

is an absolute nullity, it cannot be attacked collaterally, and may only be set aside

by a direct action. Chapin v. Federal Transp. Co., 70 So.2d 189 (La.App. 3 Cir.

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1953). Consent judgments have the same force of law between the parties as a

judgment resulting from a judicial determination after a trial on the merits.

Plaquemines Parish Gov’t v. Getty Oil Co., 95-2452 (La. 5/21/96), 673 So.2d

1002. A consent judgment is, therefore, only an absolute nullity if it is rendered:

(1) Against an incompetent person not represented as
required by law.

(2) Against a defendant who has not been served with
process as required by law and who has not waived
objection to jurisdiction, or against whom a valid
judgment by default has not been taken.

(3) By a court which does not have jurisdiction over the
subject matter of the suit.

La.Code Civ.P. art. 2002. The list of grounds for absolute nullity is exclusive.

Miccol Enters., Inc. v. City of New Orleans, 12-864 (La.App. 4 Cir. 12/19/12), 106

So.3d 746 (citing Hebert v. Hebert, 96-2155 (La.App. 1 Cir. 9/19/97), 700 So.2d

958). Appellants’ statement that the Consent Judgments “attempt to supplant the

exclusive authority of the District Court . . . to award an enclosed estate servitude”

does not show that the agreements fall under any of the above grounds for absolute

nullity. Since Appellants have not shown that the Consent Judgments are

absolutely null, they cannot contest the validity of the Consent Judgments in this

appeal of a separate judgment.

Moreover, Appellants cannot disrupt any contract to which they are

not parties. “A consent judgment is a bilateral contract wherein parties adjust their

differences by mutual consent and thereby put an end to a lawsuit with each party

balancing hope of gain against fear of loss.” Plaquemines Parish Gov’t, 673 So.2d

1002. Contracts have no effect on third parties unless provided by law.

La.Civ.Code art. 1985. Here, Mr. Altemus executed a contract in the form of a

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consent judgment with the State, and another with Marks. Neither contract is

enforceable against the Appellants; it does not affect them at all. Appellants,

therefore, cannot attempt to intervene in these contractual relationships.

Finally, even if Appellants were permitted to collaterally attack an

agreement between third parties, they have stated no support for their interpretation

of La.Civ.Code art. 689. Appellants contend that La.Civ.Code art. 689 allows only

a trial court to create a servitude for an enclosed estate and, therefore, precludes

Mr. Altemus, the State, and Marks from creating a servitude by consent judgment.

Appellants rely on Avoyelles Parish School Bd. v. Bordelon, 11-126 (La.App. 3

Cir. 10/5/11), 77 So.3d 985, but that case speaks to La.Code Civ.P. art. 641, which

requires the joinder of indispensable parties in an action. It says nothing about the

inclusion of those parties in a final judgment or the exclusive authority of a court to

create any servitude. Id. Indeed, owners of land surrounding an enclosed estate

are free to establish a servitude by title, even if only given because of a legal right.

Brian v. Bowlus, 399 So.2d 545 (La.1980). Appellants’ interpretation of

La.Civ.Code art. 689 would go against established public policy of encouraging

parties to settle. Domingue v. Luke Fruge, Inc., 379 So.2d 490 (La.App. 3 Cir.

1979), writ denied, 383 So.2d 12 (La.1980). There would be no incentive for the

owner of an enclosed estate to settle and enter into a consent judgment with the

owner of a surrounding estate if, as Appellants suggest, an enclosed estate

servitude may only be granted in its entirety by the court. Parties like Mr. Altemus

who own estates lacking access to public roads must be able to enter into consent

judgments with opposing parties—and avoid unnecessary litigation—without

forfeiting a legal right of passage over the land of less conciliatory parties.

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Because Appellants have stated no grounds on which they may disrupt

the Consent Judgments, their Motion was properly denied.

Damages

Finally, Appellants assert that even if the trial court did not err in

granting the enclosed estate servitude, it erred in failing to award Appellants

damages. Appellants point out that the owner of the estate benefiting from an

enclosed estate servitude is “bound to compensate his neighbor for the right of

passage acquired.” La.Civ.Code art. 689. We review a trial court’s decision on

damages for abuse of discretion and note that the trial court has vast discretion in

determining whether to award damages. Miller v. LAMMICO, 07-1352 (La.

1/16/08), 973 So.2d 693. Moreover, the owner of the estate servient to the

enclosed estate must prove the amount of damage resulting from the servitude of

passage. Phillips Energy Partners, LLC v. Milton Crow Ltd. P’ship, 49,791

(La.App. 2 Cir. 5/20/15), 166 So.3d 428, writ denied, 15-1396 (La. 10/2/15), __

So.3d __ (citing Dickerson v. Coon, 46,423 (La.App. 2 Cir. 8/10/11), 71 So.3d

1135). Here, however, Appellants presented no evidence that the servitude has

caused any damage to their property, and there is nothing in the record indicating

that damage occurred. Without any evidence on the existence or extent of

damages, we cannot find that the trial court abused its discretion in failing or

refusing to award Appellants damages.

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IV.

CONCLUSION

The judgment of the trial court is affirmed. Costs of this appeal are

assessed to the appellants, Helene Jeanne Boudreaux, Faye Guidry Hebert, Shelby

Guilbeau, and Michael Kidder, D/B/A Kidder Corporation.

AFFIRMED.

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