Succession of Francis Stalter

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

15-740

SUCCESSION OF FRANCIS ALVIN STALTER, JR.

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APPEAL FROM THE
NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF RAPIDES, NO. 40,384, DIVISION B
HONORABLE THOMAS MARTIN YEAGER, DISTRICT JUDGE

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ULYSSES GENE THIBODEAUX
CHIEF JUDGE

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Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, James T. Genovese,
and David Kent Savoie, Judges.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

J. Graves Theus, Jr.
Theus Law Offices
2030 Jackson Street – Suite B
Alexandria, LA 71301
Telephone: (318) 769-9395
COUNSEL FOR:
Appellant - Lanetta Danielle Stalter Littleton

Michael J. Hoover
Lineage Law, LLC
4615 Parliament Drive - Suite #202
Alexandria, LA 71303
Telephone: (318) 767-2226
COUNSEL FOR:
Appellee - Sheila Brooks Stalter

THIBODEAUX, Chief Judge.

In this dispute following the succession of Francis Alvin Stalter, Jr.,

Plaintiff Lanetta Danielle Littleton appeals the trial court’s grant of Defendant

Sheila Brooks Stalter’s peremptory exceptions of no cause of action, no right of

action, and judicial confession. Following the probate of the decedent’s will, and

after the judgment of possession was rendered, Littleton discovered that she was

not placed in possession of the decedent’s home and filed a Petition to Reopen

Succession. She then filed a Second Supplemental and Amending Petition alleging

that the testator grossly deviated from the required formalities in the execution of

the will, contending that the will was an absolute nullity.

Stalter maintains that Littleton is precluded from challenging the

judgment of possession. The trial court initially issued a ruling to reopen the

succession and denied Stalter’s peremptory exception of no cause of action. Stalter

then applied for, and was denied, supervisory writs. Following reassignment of the

case, Stalter once again filed peremptory exceptions, which were granted. Because

we conclude that Littleton is not precluded from attacking the underlying testament

despite her participation and acquiescence in the succession proceeding, we

reverse.

I.

ISSUE

We shall consider whether an heir and legatee is precluded from

seeking to annul a probated testament as a result of her participation in a

succession proceeding and after a judgment of possession has been rendered.

II.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

This appeal arises out of the succession of Francis Alvin Stalter, Jr.

(Decedent), the father of Appellant, Lanetta Danielle Stalter Littleton, and husband

of Appellee, Sheila Brooks Stalter. On January 3, 2002, Decedent executed a Last

Will and Testament. Following the decedent’s death on April 12, 2012, Stalter and

Littleton filed a joint petition to open the decedent’s succession and probate the

testament. With the understanding that she would inherit naked ownership interest

in her father’s home, Littleton signed a Receipt for Legacy, acknowledging full

receipt of her share of the estate and discharging the executrix from any further

obligations.

Upon realizing that the judgment of possession failed to place her in

possession of the decedent’s home, Littleton filed a Petition to Reopen Succession.

Soon thereafter, Littleton was additionally made aware that the testament in

question was improperly witnessed, and filed a Second Supplemental and

Amending Petition, asserting that because the testator neglected the required

formalities, the will was an absolute nullity. In response, Stalter filed a peremptory

exception of no cause of action, asserting that because Littleton participated in and

consented to the judgment of possession, she was barred from attacking it or the

underlying testament.

The trial court initially denied Stalter’s exception and allowed the

reopening of the succession, finding that seeking to annul the will on grounds of

nonobservance of the required formalities was sufficient. Stalter thereafter applied

to this court for supervisory writs, which were denied. The case was later re-

assigned from Judge John C. Davidson to Judge Thomas Yeager, and Stalter again

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filed peremptory exceptions of no cause of action, no right of action, and judicial

confession. The exceptions were granted. Littleton’s motion for a new trial was

denied. Thereafter, Littleton appealed.

III.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

This appeal calls for the consideration of an error of law. Errors and

questions of law are to be reviewed by the appellate court under the de novo

standard of review. Land v. Vidrine, 10-1342 (La. 3/15/11), 62 So.3d 36. “In

reviewing a district court’s ruling sustaining an exception of no cause of action,

appellate courts conduct a de novo review because the exception raises a question

of law and the district court’s decision is based only on the sufficiency of the

petition.” Badeaux v. S.W. Computer Bureau, Inc., 05-612, 05-719, p. 7 (La.

3/17/06), 929 So.2d 1211, 1217.

IV.

LAW AND DISCUSSION

No Cause of Action

An exception of no cause of action questions whether the law

provides a remedy to any particular plaintiff, as the allegations are asserted in the

petition, or, rather, the legal sufficiency of the petition is based solely on the facts

alleged in the petition. Margone, L.L.C. v. Addison Resources, Inc., 04-70

(La.App. 3 Cir. 12/15/04), 896 So.2d 113, writ denied, 05-139 (La. 3/24/05), 896

So.2d 1039; Adams v. Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp., 04-1296 (La.App. 1 Cir.

9/23/05), 921 So.2d 972, writ denied, 05-2501 (La. 4/17/06), 926 So.2d 514.

Courts must, therefore, accept as true all well-pleaded factual allegations. Castle v.

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Castle, 13-271 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/9/13), 123 So.3d 1267. Ultimately, a

peremptory exception of no cause of action should be sustained only when the law

provides no remedy for the allegations asserted by the petitioner. Badeaux, 929

So.2d 1211.

Here, Littleton’s Second Supplemental Petition alleges that no

witnesses were present when the will was executed. The affidavit of the notary

further confirms this alleged fact. Despite the trial court’s determination that

Littleton could not proceed to have the testament annulled due to her participation

in the succession, if these facts are to be accepted as true, the will is an absolute

nullity under La.Civ.Code art. 1573, 1 and consequently, Littleton would have a

valid cause of action. Moreover, we observe that Littleton brought her action to

annul the testament within the applicable five-year prescriptive period as is set out

in La.Civ.Code art. 3497. Had Littleton filed beyond the five-year prescriptive

period, whether the testament was declared relatively null or absolutely null, the

petition would have been untimely, and Littleton would have had no valid cause of

action.

Relying on La.Code Civ.P. arts. 2001, 2002, and 2003, Stalter makes

the misguided assertion that a final judgment (the judgment of possession) may

only be annulled or modified through a nullity action. Louisiana Code of Civil

Procedure Article 2002(A) states that “[a] final judgment shall be annulled if it is

rendered . . . .” (Emphasis added). Additionally, La.Code Civ.P. art. 2003

provides that “[a] defendant who voluntarily acquiesced in the judgment . . . may

1
Louisiana Civil Code Article 1573 provides that the formalities prescribed for the
execution of a testament must be observed or the testament is absolutely null. Louisiana Civil
Code Article 1577 states that a notarial testament shall be prepared in the presence of a notary
and two competent witnesses.

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not annul the judgment . . . .” (Emphasis added). However, these articles are

inapplicable, as Stalter is not attacking a final judgment; she is attacking a

testament. Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure Article 2931 allows the annulment

of a probated testament by a direct action brought in a succession proceeding

against the legatees, the residuary heir, or the executor, and does not require that it

be filed through a completely separate and independent nullity action, i.e., a

separate lawsuit.

In Launey v. Barrouse, 509 So.2d 734 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1987), a litigant

sought to have a provision in a will declared null after a judgment of possession

had been rendered. It asserted that a suspensive condition in a will was against

public policy. Although Launey was a suit for declaratory judgment, and the

present case involves a suit to reopen succession, La.Code Civ.P. art. 865 provides

that petitions should be construed as to do substantial justice. Considering

La.Code Civ.P. art. 891, which delineates what a valid petition entails, it is clear

that Littleton filed a valid petition. Here, failing to comply with the formalities of

a testament, as articulated in La.Civ.Code art 1573, would sufficiently render the

testament absolutely null. As in Launey, the testament itself would be contrary to

positive law, and, therefore, against public policy.

Although Stalter places much emphasis on the application of both

Succession of Williams, 418 So.2d 1317 (La.1982) and Succession of Villarrubia,

95-2610 (La. 9/5/96), 680 So.2d 1147, we find that these cases are not applicable,

and, thus, would not preclude Littleton from receiving the relief sought.

Succession of Williams, unlike the present case, involved an intestate proceeding

followed by a judgment of possession. Because there was no will, the plaintiff

directly attacked the judgment of possession, despite having “joined in the

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pleadings on which the judgment of possession was based.” Id. at 1319. “Where

one makes a judicial declaration and judgment is rendered in accordance therewith,

he cannot ordinarily revoke the declaration and attack the judgment under the

pretense of having made an error of law.” Id.

While Stalter correctly asserts that Littleton joined in the pleadings

and, thus, acquiesced to the judgment of possession, it is made abundantly clear in

Littleton’s Second Supplemental Petition that she is attacking the validity of the

testament and not the judgment of possession. The Second Supplemental Petition

states that “[b]ecause the testament of Francis Stalter, Jr., was not executed in the

presence of two witnesses, the formalities prescribed by law were not observed,

and as a result, the testament is absolutely null.” Further, and as is stated in

Succession of Duskin, 14-236, p. 12 (La.App. 4 Cir. 11/19/14), 153 So.3d 567, 576,

“an order cannot give legal effect to a testament that is absolutely null.”

Moreover, Succession of Williams focused on an error of law. For

that reason, the court determined that the judicial confession could not be revoked.

Louisiana Civil Code Article 1853 provides that “[a] judicial confession is

indivisible and it may be revoked only on the ground of error of fact.” As in

Succession of Flowers, 532 So.2d 470 (La.App. 1 Cir. 1988), writ denied, 534

So.2d 446 (La.1988), Littleton is asserting an error of fact, rather than an error of

law, as she was unaware that the will was improperly witnessed when she joined in

the judgment of possession.

Succession of Villarrubia addressed La.Code Civ.P. art. 3393, and

outlined under what circumstances a succession may be reopened. The supreme

court considered the proper cause for reopening a succession, and maintained that

“if the law allowed judgments of possession to be overturned because of error of

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law or change in law, the sanctity of such judgments would be seriously impaired.”

Villarrubia, 680 So.2d 1147 at 1152. Here, Littleton is not attacking a judgment of

possession. It is, thus, apparent that the underlying rationale in Succession of

Villarrubia does not apply. However, should the will itself be proven to be a

nullity, the judgment of possession will ultimately collapse, despite Ms. Littleton’s

purported acquiescence in its probate.

Right of Action & Judicial Confession

In addition to finding that Littleton has a valid cause of action, we

further find that Littleton has a right of action in this matter. The inquiry into

whether a right of action exists requires determining whether the plaintiff is the

appropriate party to bring suit. Guidry v. E. Coast Hockey League, Inc., 02-1254

(La.App. 3 Cir. 3/5/03), 844 So.2d 100, writs denied, 03-1457, 03-1469, 03-1471

(La. 11/21/03), 860 So.2d 543. As an heir and legatee, Littleton undoubtedly has

an interest in the succession of her father’s estate. Finally, Stalter’s peremptory

exception of judicial confession is invalid for the same rationale underlying the

reversal of the judgment on the exception of no cause of action.

V.

CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the trial court is reversed,

the exceptions of no cause of action, no right of action, and judicial confession are

reversed, and the matter is remanded for further proceedings. Costs of the appeal

are taxed against Defendant-Appellee, Sheila Brooks Stalter.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

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