Tammy Renea Martin Harruff v. Richard B. King, Jr.

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

CA 15-840

TAMMY RENEA MARTIN HARRUFF, ET AL.

VERSUS

RICHARD B. KING, JR., ET AL.

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APPEAL FROM THE
TENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF NATCHITOCHES, NO. C-82954, DIV. B
HONORABLE LALA BRITTAIN SYLVESTER, DISTRICT JUDGE

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BILLY HOWARD EZELL
JUDGE

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Court composed of Marc T. Amy, Billy Howard Ezell, and David Kent Savoie,
Judges.

AFFIRMED.

Billy R. Pesnell
J. Whitney Pesnell
William Alan Pesnell
The Pesnell Law Firm, A.P.L.C.
HC Beck Building, Suite, 1100
400 Travis Street (Zip 71101)
Shreveport, LA 71166-1794
(318) 226-5577
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANTS/APPELLANTS:
Kyle King
Renee Poole King

Henry W. Bethard, L.L.P.
Bethard & Bethard
P. O. Box 1362
Coushatta, LA 71019
(318) 932-4071
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFFS/APPELLEES:
Edgar Cason
Tammy Renea Martin Harruff
Amy Lynn Bilodeau

EZELL, Judge.

Renee King, individually and in her capacity as executrix of the estate of her

late husband, Richard King, and Kyle King appeal the decision of the trial court

below denying their motion for sanctions and motion to assess costs against

Tammy Martin Harruff, Amy Lynn Bilodeau, and Edgar Cason (hereinafter “the

Plaintiffs”). For the following reasons, we hereby affirm the decision of the trial

court.

The underlying facts of the case involve the Kings‟ purchase of two tracts of

land in Red River and Natchitoches Parishes from the Plaintiffs. The land

purchased was near the Haynesville Shale. After completion of the sale, the

Plaintiffs sought to rescind the sale for lesion beyond moiety. The trial court

rescinded the sale, and a panel of this court reversed that decision, reinstating the

sale as originally executed. See Harruff v. King, 13-940 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/14/14),

139 So.3d 1062, writ denied, 14-1685 (La. 11/7/14), 152 So.3d 176.

While the decision of the trial court rescinding the sale was being appealed,

the trial court held a separate hearing and issued a separate ruling on costs. That

decision was not appealed. After this court reversed the trial court‟s original ruling,

the Kings filed several motions, including one seeking sanctions against the

Plaintiffs and another seeking to tax them with the court costs from the original

trial. The Kings also sought to have the cost judgment cancelled in the Red River

Parish and Natchitoches Parish public records. The trial court denied those motions.

From that decision, the Kings appeal.

On appeal, the Kings assert five assignments of error. They first claim that

the trial court erred in failing to sanction the Plaintiffs for moving ex parte to

remove funds from the registry of the court after they had already transferred title

to third parties. They further assert other assignments of error concerning court

costs awarded arising from the original judgment of the trial court. We will

address those assignments of error together. Finally, the Kings claim that the trial

court erred in failing to cancel the costs judgment rendered against them.

The Kings first claim that the trial court erred in failing to sanction the

Plaintiffs for taking funds from the registry of the court after they had transferred

title to the disputed land to third parties. Following the original judgment of the

trial court in their favor and the Kings‟ failure to take a suspensive appeal, the

Plaintiffs transferred title to the land to third parties. The trial court stated at the

hearing on the motions:

I don‟t see a problem with anything that they did. As far as
sanctions for both of y‟all, I‟m denying sanctions on both sides. I
don‟t think either side was egregious in their behavior in order to
award sanctions and attorney‟s fees. I don‟t [think] that [Plaintiff‟s
counsel] did it with intent to defraud anybody. I think he did it in
good faith. He thought his trial judgment was good so he did it in
good faith. He has turned the property back over to the people
completely as a whole title to what they had before the Court of
Appeals reversed it or after the Court of Appeals reversed it.

The trial court concluded the actions of the Plaintiffs were not so flagrant as

to require the imposition of sanctions. We cannot find clear error in that finding.

The trial court has „considerable discretion as to the type and severity of

sanctions to be imposed,‟ and we review those decisions under the abuse

of discretion standard of review.” Moffett v. Moffett, 10-1364, p. 6 (La.App. 3 Cir.

6/22/11), 67 So.3d 1287, 1291 (quoting Joyner v. Wear, 27,631, p. 14 (La.App. 2

Cir. 12/6/95), 665 So.2d 634, 642, writs denied, 96-40, 96-42 (La. 2/28/96), 668

So.2d 370). After a review of the record before this court, we cannot say the trial

court committed an abuse of discretion. Thus, we find no clear error in the trial

court‟s failure to award sanctions. This assignment of error is without merit.

2

The Kings next assert several assignments of error claiming that the trial

court erred in fixing various items as court costs and awarding judgment for those

costs in favor of Plaintiffs and against them, especially in light of the determination

of this court that the sale could not be rescinded for lesion beyond moiety.

However, we conclude that these costs-related issues are not properly before this

court, as the judgment which fixed costs and taxed them against the Kings is a final

judgment which was not appealed.

On January 17, 2013, the trial court signed a judgment on the merits in favor

of the Plaintiffs, ordering the sale rescinded based on lesion beyond moiety. That

judgment specifically noted that the assessment of costs, including expert witness

fees, would be fixed at a separate hearing. That decision was appealed by the

Kings and subsequently reversed by this court. Harruff v. King, 139 So.3d 1062.

However, following that original judgment by the trial court and during the

pendency of that appeal, the separate hearing on the costs referenced in the original

judgment was held. A separate judgment on costs was rendered on March 5, 2013,

taxing the Kings for costs in the amount of $31,151.29. That judgment on costs

was not appealed.

“A „costs‟ judgment against a defendant is a separately appealable judgment

where the amount of expert witness fees taxed as costs are substantial and where,

following a judgment on the merits, the trial court takes the matter of costs under

advisement and conducts additional hearings on such matter.” Hoyt v. State Farm

Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 623 So.2d 651, 664 (La.App. 1 Cir.), writ denied, 629 So.2d

1179 (La.1993). See also Phillips v. G & H Seed Co., 10-1484 (La.App. 3 Cir.

6/8/11), 68 So.3d 645.

3

The jurisdiction of the trial court over all matters in the case
reviewable under the appeal is divested, and that of the appellate court
attaches, on the granting of the order of appeal in the case of a
devolutive appeal. Thereafter, the trial court has jurisdiction in the
case only over those matters not reviewable under the appeal,
including the right to set and tax costs and expert witness fees. La.
C.C.P. art.2088. A judgment for costs rendered after the final
judgment on the merits is a separate and appealable judgment. In re
Succession of Pitman, 42,654 (La.App.2d Cir.10/24/07), 968 So.2d
871; Hoyt v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 623 So.2d
651 (La.App. 1st Cir.1993), writ denied, 629 So.2d 1179 (La.1993).

Little v. Pou, 42,872, p. 28 (La.App. 2 Cir. 1/30/08), 975 So.2d 666, 681,

writ denied, 08-806 (La. 6/6/08), 983 So.2d 920.

“„According to . . . the clear implication of [Louisiana Code of Civil

Procedure] Article 2088, an assessment of costs which proceeds separately from

the prior appeal of the judgment on the merits requires a separate appeal.‟”

Johnson v. Foret, 15-943, p.___ (La. App. 3 Cir. 11/12/15), ___So.3d___, ___

(quoting Little v. Pou, 975 So.2d at 681 (first alteration in original)).

An appellant‟s failure to file a devolutive appeal timely is a
jurisdictional defect, in that neither the court of appeal nor any other
court has the jurisdictional power and authority to reverse, revise or
modify a final judgment after the time for filing a devolutive appeal
has elapsed. When an appellant fails to file a devolutive appeal from a
final judgment timely, the judgment acquires the authority of the thing
adjudged, and the court of appeal has no jurisdiction to alter that
judgment.

Lay v. Stalder, 99-402, p. 5 (La.App. 1 Cir. 3/31/00), 757 So.2d 916, 919.

Because the Kings failed to appeal the separate judgment which assessed the

expert witness fees and costs against them, that judgment became final. The Kings

are, therefore, precluded from raising any error in that judgment on appeal. Even if

we were to find any argument they made completely compelling, we would have

4

no jurisdiction to alter the costs judgment.1 Accordingly, the Kings‟ assignments

of error dealing with the costs of appeal cannot be addressed by this court or are

rendered moot by this finding.

Finally, the Kings assert that the trial court erred in failing to cancel the costs

judgment from the public records of Red River and Natchitoches Parishes. Based

on our above finding that the cost judgment was final and cannot be appealed, we

can find no error in the trial court failing to cancel the recordation of a valid

judgment.

Additionally, the Kings claim that the costs judgment‟s recordation should

be cancelled because, upon their appeal, the Plaintiffs deposited into the registry of

the court the required amount of money to be returned to the Kings should the

original decision be upheld and the sale rescinded, minus the costs that had been

awarded to the Plaintiffs. The Kings claim that when the Plaintiffs transferred the

property to third parties after their favorable trial court judgment, this amounted to

the Kings paying the costs, since they could allegedly no longer be placed in

proper title. However, we find this argument to be specious, since the Kings were,

indeed, placed in complete and full title after the hearing below and do not dispute

that fact in any way. This assignment of error is without merit.

For the above reasons, the decision of the trial court is hereby affirmed.

Costs of this appeal are hereby assessed against the Kings.

AFFIRMED.

1
After filing briefs in this matter, the Plaintiffs subsequently filed an exception of lack of
subject matter jurisdiction before this court. We will forego ruling on that motion, as our
decision renders the exception moot.

5