Margaret C. Camalo v. Patricia Laura Estrada Courtois

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

CA 19-15

MARGARET C. CAMALO, ET AL.

VERSUS

PATRICIA LAURA ESTRADA COURTOIS, ET AL.

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APPEAL FROM THE
FIFTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF LAFAYETTE, NO. C-20164520
HONORABLE LAURIE A. HULIN, DISTRICT JUDGE

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BILLY HOWARD EZELL
JUDGE

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Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, Billy Howard Ezell,
and John E. Conery, Judges.

AFFIRMED AS AMENDED.

Alan K. Breaud
Timothy Wayne Basden
Breaud & Meyers
P. O. Drawer 3448
Lafayette, LA 70502
(337) 266-2200
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFFS/APPELLEES:
Margaret C. Camalo
Frank Camalo

Joseph C. Giglio, Jr.
Liskow & Lewis
P. O. Box 52008
Lafayette, LA 70505-2008
(337) 232-7424
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFFS/APPELLEES:
Joseph C. Giglio, III
Margaret Peggy Giglio

John S. McLindon
Walters Papillion Thomas
The Law Office of John S. McLindon
12345 Perkins Rd, Bldg 2, Suite
Baton Rouge, LA 70810
(225) 236-3636
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANTS/APPELLANTS:
Cye Thomas Courtois
Patricia Laura Estrada Courtois

Jonathan Beauregard Andry
The Andry Law Firm
610 Baronne St.
New Orleans, LA 70113
(504) 525-5535
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANTS/APPELLANTS:
Cye Thomas Courtois
Patricia Laura Estrada Courtois

EZELL, Judge.

Cye and Patricia Courtois appeal the judgment of the trial court below

awarding Margaret and Frank Camalo $108,250.66, and Margaret and Joseph

Giglio $65,000.00, in attorney fees for work necessitated by the Courtois

fraudulently altering neighborhood restrictions to the Camalos and Giglios

detriment. For the following reasons, we affirm the decision of the trial court.

This matter has been before this court previously, both as an appeal and

under our supervisory jurisdiction. This litigation is part of a large and vitriolic

property dispute between the Courtois and two sets of their neighbors, the Giglios

on one side and the Camalos on the other. This matter began when the Courtois

deliberately misled other neighbors in the parties’ subdivision into altering

neighborhood restrictions on setbacks to allow the Courtois to build in a manner

which encroached upon the Camalos’ and the Giglios’ property against the

Plaintiffs’ will and the restrictions. The Camalos and Giglios brought suits for

fraud and to rescind the alterations to the neighborhood restrictions that were made

based upon the Courtois’ deceit. As the dispute became increasingly contentious, a

preliminary injunction was issued preventing the parties from communicating with

each other, ordering the parties to refrain from harassing each other, and from

damaging each other’s property. After Mr. Courtois deliberately violated this

injunction by damaging a stone wall, drainage, trees, and shrubs on the Giglios’

property, he was held in contempt of court by the trial court.

After a trial on the present matter, the trial court rendered a partial final

judgment in June of 2018 finding that the Courtois committed fraud. The trial

court’s finding of fraud has not been challenged by the Courtois. The trial court

awarded damages for that fraud, for destruction of property, and other general

damages. Those awards have also not been challenged. Finally, as part of that

partial judgment, the trial court awarded attorney fees, the amount of which were

to be determined after a contradictory hearing. After that separate hearing on

attorney fees, the trial court entered a final judgment in August of 2018, awarding

the Camalos $108,250.66 in attorney fees and expenses for the prosecution of this

lengthy and hard-fought case. The trial court further awarded the Giglios

$65,000.00 in attorney fees. From that August 2018 decision, the Courtois appeal.

On appeal, the Courtois set forth four assignments of error. They claim that

the trial court erred in signing the August 2018 judgment, as they allege it lacks the

proper decretal language to be a final judgment. The Courtois further claim that

the trial court erred in awarding attorney fees under La.Civ.Code art. 1958, that the

award of attorney fees was grossly excessive, and that the trial court should not

have awarded the Giglios attorney fees at all, as no attorney fees were paid or

incurred by them. We disagree.

Decretal Language

The Courtois first allege that the trial court’s final judgment lacked sufficient

decretal language and was, therefore, not a proper final judgment. We disagree.

This court has stated that “[a] valid judgment must be precise, definite, and

certain. A final appealable judgment must contain decretal language, and it must

name the party in favor of whom the ruling is ordered, the party against whom the

ruling is ordered, and the relief that is granted or denied.” State v. White, 05-718, p.

2 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/1/06), 921 So.2d 1144, 1146 (quoting Jenkins v. Recovery Tech.

Inv’rs., 02-1788, pp. 3–4 (La.App. 1 Cir. 6/27/03), 858 So.2d 598, 600) (citations

omitted). Furthermore, “a judgment cannot require reference to extrinsic

documents or pleadings in order to discern the court’s ruling.” Stutes v.

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Greenwood Motor Lines, Inc., 17-53, p. 2 (La.App. 3d Cir. 3/8/17), 215 So.3d 287,

289 (quoting Thomas v. Lafayette Parish Sch. Sys., 13-91, p. 2 (La.App. 3 Cir.

3/6/13), 128 So.3d 1055, 1056.)

However, “[u]nder Louisiana law, the form and wording of judgments are

not sacramental.” Matter of Succession of Porche, 16-538, p. 7 (La.App. 1 Cir.

2/17/17), 213 So.3d 401, 405. For example, there is nothing in our law which

makes it mandatory that the judgment specifically name the defendants. In

Siekmann v. Kern, 136 La. 1068, 68 So. 128 (1915), it was held that a judgment

which taxed the costs of the proceeding against “the defendants” was sufficient,

although the defendants were not actually named in the judgment.

Though imperfect, we cannot say that the judgment rendered herein is

invalid. The August 2018 judgment against the Courtois contains all the necessary

decretal language to meet the requirements of a final judgment in that it clearly

identifies the parties involved, determines the rights of those parties, and awards

each set of plaintiffs a precise dollar amount in attorney fees. Although the

decretal language does not expressly name the Courtois as the defendants cast in

judgment, they were the only two defendants ever involved in the litigation.

Further, they were identified as defendants in the caption of the judgment, in the

listing of counsel of record present in court at the beginning of the judgment, as

well as specifically named when the trial court taxed them with costs at the end of

the judgment. There are no other potentially liable parties as in the cases cited by

the Courtois, and no other claims to be litigated. Thus, a third person could easily

determine from reading the judgment that the Courtois are the parties cast in

judgment and the amount owed in attorney fees without reference to other

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documents in the record. See Conley v. Plantation Mgmt. Co., 12-1510 (La.App. 1

Cir. 5/6/13), 117 So.3d 542, writ denied, 13-1300 (La. 9/20/13), 123 So.3d 178.

The Courtois further claim that the final judgment lacks proper decretal

language because it fails to specify whether they are jointly or solidarily liable, or

because the final judgment failed to mention interest. We again note that the

Courtois do not challenge the trial court’s judgment finding that they committed

fraud in any way, or the awards for damages arising from their fraud. It is

undeniable that the trial court found that the married couple, together, lied to

neighbors to fraudulently alter their neighborhood restrictions to the detriment of

the Camalos and Giglios. “He who conspires with another person to commit an

intentional or willful act is answerable, in solido, with that person, for the damage

caused by such act.” La.Civ.Code art. 2324(A). As the Courtois were found to

have engaged in the fraud necessitating this litigation together, they are inherently

liable in solido for their acts. Their assertion that the judgment failing to

specifically mention this fact in awarding attorney fees renders the judgment

invalid is devoid of merit, especially in light of the prior partial judgment finding

fraud, which they do not even challenge.

Likewise, there is no merit to the Courtois’ assertions regarding interest.

Louisiana Revised Statutes 13:4203 states: “Legal interest shall attach from date of

judicial demand, on all judgments, sounding in damages, ‘ex delicto’, which may

be rendered by any of the courts.” Fraud by its very nature is ex delicto. Auger v.

Auger, 434 So.2d 492 (La.App. 2 Cir. 1983). It is clear that the language of La.R.S.

13:4203 is mandatory and applicable in all actions ex delicto, even in cases where

legal interest is not prayed for nor specifically mentioned in a judgment awarding

damages. See Le Blanc v. New Amsterdam Cas. Co., 202 La. 857, 13 So.2d 245

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(1943). “[A]n award of judicial interest is not discretionary, insofar as it attaches

automatically until the judgment is paid, whether prayed for in the petition or

mentioned in the judgment.” Oliver v. Magnolia Clinic, 11-2132, 11-2139, 11-

2142 p. 14 (La. 3/13/12), 85 So.3d 39, 49 (citing La.Code Civ.P. art. 1921). The

failure of the judgment appealed to specifically mention interest in no way renders

it as lacking proper decretal language, as interest attached by law. Id. This

assignment of error is utterly devoid of merit.

Rescission Under La.Civ.Code art. 1958

The Courtois next claim the trial court improperly awarded attorney fees

under La.Civ.Code art. 1958, as they allege rescission could not have taken place

under the facts of this case. The Courtois claim that rescission is impossible here,

as the neighbors they duped into altering the neighborhood restrictions, upon

learning that they had been misled, altered the restrictions yet again to reestablish

the original setbacks, thereby undoing the Courtois’ earlier, duplicitous actions.

The Courtois want to use the fact that their neighbors discovered their fraud and

attempted to mitigate the damages they caused to avoid consequences for

committing that fraud in the first place. We disagree.

Louisiana Civil Code Article 1958 clearly states: “The party against whom

rescission is granted because of fraud is liable for damages and attorney fees.”

This suit unquestionably arose due to the Courtois lying to neighbors to change the

neighborhood restrictions to their benefit and the Camalos and Giglios detriment.

The Camalos’ and Giglios’ petitions sought to nullify the Courtois’ original

alteration due to the underlying fraud. The trial court clearly and unequivocally

declared the Courtois’ alteration to the neighborhood restrictions was “null and

void and the inscription of the instrument . . . cancelled” as part of an earlier ruling

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granting an injunction against the Courtois. While the neighbors’ reestablishment

of the original setbacks and restrictions may have effectively killed the Courtois’

deceitful changes, the trial court’s actions pulled them out root and stem. The fact

that the order declaring the nullity was based on the consent of all parties is of no

moment, as the June 2018 judgment unquestionably found that the nullity arose

from the Courtois’ fraudulent actions. Once again, the Courtois do not even

dispute the finding that they committed fraud. This argument is so utterly devoid

of merit as to border on being frivolous.

Entitlement to Attorney Fees

We will next take up the Courtois’ assertion that the trial court improperly

awarded attorney fees to the Giglios, as our ruling on this issue would affect our

analysis on the amounts of the awards given later.

As noted above, attorney fees are clearly recoverable for acts of fraud under

La.Civ.Code art. 1958. Here, the Courtois reassert their argument from our prior

case, Camalo v. Estrada, 17-1184 (La.App. 3 Cir. 9/26/18), 257 So.3d 202, that

attorney fees could not be awarded to the Giglios specifically under Goodrich v.

Exxon Co., USA, 608 So.2d 1019 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1992), writ denied, 614 So.2d

1241 (La.1993). They cite Goodrich for the proposition that “[I]n cases where

attorneys’ fees are allowed, absence of proof that the fees have actually been paid,

or an obligation incurred to pay, defeats recovery.” Id. at 1034 (alteration in

original) (quoting Rhodes v. Collier, 215 La. 754, 41 So.2d 669, 673 (1949)).

They argue again that the Giglios’ attorney, Mr. Giglio’s father, had admitted to

representing the couple free of charge and that, therefore, the Giglios had not

incurred any obligation to pay attorney fees. We disagree.

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In our prior case, we allowed the Giglios to recover attorney fees incurred

pursuing a contempt of court motion granted against Mr. Courtois. That prior

matter was based on a contempt proceeding dealing with Mr. Courtois’ direct and

flagrant disregard of a court order. There, we noted that a proceeding for contempt

for refusing to obey the court’s orders is not designed for the benefit of the litigant,

but that the object of a contempt proceeding is to vindicate the dignity of the court.

See Howard v. Oden, 44,191 (La.App. 2 Cir. 2/25/09), 5 So.3d 989, writ denied,

09-965 (La. 6/26/09), 11 So.3d 496. Though we ruled that Goodrich did not apply

in the limited context of contempt of court proceedings, we did not restrict

Goodrich in other civil matters designed to benefit a party to a suit, such as the

matter here.

We again find Goodrich to be distinguishable, as neither it nor the cases

relied on therein dealt with fraud. “[A]ny fraud is intolerable.” St. Bernard Parish

Police Jury v. Duplessis, 02-632, p. 1 (La. 12/4/02), 831 So.2d 955, 962 (Weimer,

J., concurring). Fraud has long been held to be subject to “discouragement and

punishment[.]” Simms v. Bean, 10 La.Ann. 346, 346 (1855). We find it would be

both unfortunate and distasteful should willful bad actors such as the Courtois

receive a windfall as a result of an opposing attorney’s generosity, especially

considering the vast amount of work performed because of this litigation. To

reward blatant acts of fraud with reduced recovery would be antagonistic to the

public goal of preventing such bad acts. Further, the Giglios’ attorney testified at

the hearing that any attorney fees that were recovered would be paid to his law

firm. This was uncontradicted. Therefore, we find the trial court did not err in

granting attorney fees to the Giglios under the facts of this case and we affirm the

decision to grant them $65,000.00 in attorney fees.

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We will note briefly for the sake of thoroughness that the Courtois attempt a

similar argument against the Camalos, noting that their attorney is a personal friend.

However, the record before us is clear that their attorney has never waived any fees,

nor promised to represent them free of charge, and that the Camalos would be

obliged to pay for his services had the trial court not awarded attorney fees in this

matter. As such, it is clear that Goodrich would not apply to the Camalos in any

situation, let alone in a fraud case, as discussed above. We can find no error in the

trial court awarding attorney fees.

Amount of the Attorney Fees

Next, we address the Courtois’ claim that the trial court erred in awarding

what they allege to be grossly excessive attorney fees. The Courtois claim the

attorney fees are excessive because, at $108,250.66, the attorney fees awarded the

Camalos are over three times the total, unchallenged, damages awarded them,

some $30,000.00. Likewise, they similarly challenge the Giglios’ award of

$65,000.00 in attorney fees, where they recovered roughly $22,000.00 in total

damages. However, after a review of the record before this court, we find no error

in the amount of the trial court’s award.

“A trial court’s award of attorney fees should not be modified on appeal

unless it has been shown to be an abuse of discretion.” Two Oil Servs., LLC v.

Simons Petroleum, LLC, 14-712, p. 8 (La.App. 3 Cir. 12/10/14), 155 So.3d 677,

683; Master Credit Corp. v. Campbell & Assocs., Inc., 98-349 (La.App. 4 Cir.

11/25/98), 724 So.2d 266; see also Gravolet v. Bd of Comm’rs for the Grand

Prairie Levee Dist., 95-2477 (La.App. 4 Cir. 6/12/96), 676 So.2d 199. The

supreme court articulated ten factors to be considered in reviewing the

reasonableness of an award of attorney fees:

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(1) the ultimate result obtained; (2) the responsibility incurred; (3) the
importance of the litigation; (4) amount of money involved; (5) extent
and character of the work performed; (6) legal knowledge, attainment,
and skill of the attorneys; (7) number of appearances made; (8)
intricacies of the facts involved; (9) diligence and skill of counsel; and
(10) the court’s own knowledge.

State, Dep’t of Transp. & Dev. v. Williamson, 597 So.2d 439, 442 (La.1992). The

supreme court noted that these factors were derived from Rule 1.5(a) of the Rules

of Professional Conduct. Id.

Attorney fees should be awarded on a case-by-case basis after examining the

factors listed above. “It is not per se unreasonable, as a matter of law, for the

attorney fees award to be greater than the award for damages.” Health Educ.&

Welfare Fed. Credit Union v. Peoples State Bank, 11-672 p. 3 (La.App. 3 Cir.

12/7/11), 83 So.3d 1055, 1057 (citing Dailey v. The Home Furnishings Store, 02-

1225 (La.App. 4 Cir. 9/17/03), 857 So.2d 1051.)

In the instant case, the Camalos presented an intricate case in their attempt to

prove the Courtois’ fraud. The Camalos’ attorney obtained several favorable

results for his clients over several years in this protracted and bitter litigation,

showing great diligence, knowledge, and skill. The trial court conducted a full

hearing on the issue and reviewed volumes of time sheets, invoices, and other

documents which are in the record before us. It is clear from reviewing the trial

court’s ruling that the court meticulously analyzed that plentitude of documentary

evidence before awarding attorney fees. Upon reviewing that evidence ourselves,

we can find no error in the trial court’s award, despite the size of the total amount

and the disparity between the damage totals and attorney fees award.1

1
For example, in Health Educ. & Welfare Fed. Credit Union, 83 So.3d 1055, this court
awarded attorney fees which were four times the amount of damages recovered, an even greater
disparity than here.

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Likewise, we agree with the trial court that the manner in which the Giglios’

attorney prosecuted this arduous case displayed great skill. Through multiple court

appearances, hearings, and appeals over several years, he obtained favorable

results for his clients at every turn and displayed the Courtois’ fraud so clearly that

they did not even attempt to refute it before this court. The Giglios submitted

uncontradicted evidence concerning the extent of the work performed including

time sheets and other detailed records. Moreover, the Giglios’ attorney effectively

discounted his normal hourly rate such that the total attorney fees amount sought

and awarded are roughly half of what he would normally be entitled to. He also

indicated that any award received would be paid to his law firm as the resources

used were those of the firm. Based on the record before us, we can find no abuse

of the trial court’s discretion in the award of $65,000.00 in attorney fees to the

Giglios.

Answers to Appeal

Finally, the Camalos and the Giglios all answer the Courtois’ appeal,

seeking additional attorney fees for work done on appeal. “An increase in

attorney’s fees should be awarded to a party who has already been awarded

attorney’s fees by the trial court and then successfully defends an appeal.” Saacks v.

Mohawk Carpet Corp., 23,386, p. 25 (La.App. 4 Cir. 8/20/03), 855 So.2d 359, 375,

writ denied, 03-2632 (La. 12/12/03), 860 So.2d 1158. For our reasons stated above,

we find that the Camalos and Giglios are entitled to additional attorney fees for

successfully defending the Courtois’ appeal, though we do not find the amount

requested by the Camalos for this award to be reasonable. Considering the factors

to be weighed in determining the reasonableness of attorney fees, we find that

$5,000.00 is a reasonable award for attorney fees for the defense of this appeal. We

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amend the award of attorney fees to include an additional $5,000.00 to each set of

appellants for the defense of this appeal, for a total of $113,250.66 to be awarded

to the Camalos in attorney fees, and a total of $70,000.00 in attorney fees for the

Giglios

For the above reasons, the judgment of the trial court is hereby affirmed as

amended. We hereby affirm the decision of the trial court awarding the Camalos

$108,250.66 in attorney fees, amending that judgment to award an additional

$5,000.00 for attorney fees warranted as a result of this appeal. We further affirm

the award of $65,000.00 to the Giglios for attorney fees, amending that judgment

to award an additional $5,000.00 for attorney fees incurred on appeal. Costs of this

appeal are hereby assessed against the Courtois.

AFFIRMED AS AMENDED.

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