Mark Woods and Iantha Woods v. Morris H. Weinstein, L.L.C.

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

19-868

MARK WOODS AND IANTHA WOODS

VERSUS

MORRIS H. WEINSTEIN, L.L.C., ET AL.

**********

APPEAL FROM THE
TWENTY-SEVENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF ST. LANDRY, NO. 16-C-2564-D
HONORABLE D. JASON MECHE, DISTRICT JUDGE

**********

JOHN E. CONERY
JUDGE

**********

Court composed of Ulysses Gene Thibodeaux, Chief Judge, John E. Conery, and
Van H. Kyzar, Judges.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

Charles M. Ponder, III
Ponder Law Firm
935 Gravier Street, Suite 835
New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
(504) 528-3066
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANTS/APPELLEES:
Morris H. Weinstein, L.L.C.
J.T. Wein, Inc.

Geri Broussard Baloney
Broussard Baloney Law Firm, APC
3852 Napoleon Avenue
New Orleans, Louisiana 70125
(504) 535-2889
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFFS/APPELLANTS:
Mark Woods
Iantha Woods

CONERY, Judge.

Plaintiffs Mark and Iantha Woods alleged physical injuries and property

damage after their vehicle was struck by a metal object while travelling on the

Interstate. Plaintiffs alleged in the petition that the metal object had not been

properly secured to a tractor/trailer travelling ahead of them on the Interstate. The

truck was being operated by Richard B. Soileau, an employee of J.T. Wein, Inc. and

was under the control of Defendants, J.T. Wein, Inc. and Morris H. Weinstein, L.L.C.

Plaintiffs alleged that the failure to secure the load permitted the metal object to

dislodge from the tractor-trailer and strike Plaintiffs’ vehicle. Defendants filed a

motion for summary judgment, maintaining that the allegation of improper load

securement was without basis in fact. Defendants also denied the existence of any

genuine issues of material fact regarding liability under the principle of respondeat

superior for the actions of the driver. The trial court entered summary judgment in

favor of Defendants. Plaintiffs appeal. For the following reasons, we reverse the

summary judgment and remand.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Plaintiffs, Mark and Iantha Woods of Lafayette, Louisiana allege that, on June

15, 2015, they were westbound on Interstate 10 in East Harris County, Texas, when

their 2011 Mercedes GLK was “violently struck by a metal rod-like object1 which

pierced Plaintiffs’ windshield.” The plaintiffs explained that the incident occurred

when an “18-wheeler … carrying a trailer filled with metal and steel rods … passed

the plaintiffs’ vehicle on the driver[’]s-side” and their vehicle was struck by a “metal

1
At the time of his deposition, Mr. Woods described the object as an angle-iron rather than
a rod.

rod-like object[,]” causing property damage to their vehicle and personal injury to

Plaintiffs.

Plaintiffs named the owner of the truck, J.T. Wein, Inc., and the owner of the

trailer, Morris H. Weinstein, L.L.C., as defendants (collectively “Defendants”) in

the suit, filed in the Twenty-Seventh Judicial District, St. Landry Parish. Plaintiffs

also named the “Unidentified Driver” and “fictitiously-named” ABC Insurance

Company and XYZ Insurance Company as the respective insurers of Morris H.

Weinstein, L.L.C. and J.T. Wein, Inc. Although the “Unidentified Driver” was

identified in Defendants’ Answer as Richard B. Soileau, an employee of J.T. Wein,

Inc., the present record contains no further pleadings formally naming and serving

Mr. Soileau or the insurers.

Plaintiffs alleged that the accident was caused due to Defendants’ failure to

“properly secure the rusty metal object/rod onto [their] truck/trailer, thereby

permitting said metal object/rod to fly off Defendants[’] vehicle and striking

Plaintiffs’ vehicle.” Plaintiffs alleged that “[t]he actions of Defendants, driver, and

his employers, J.T. Wein and [Morris Weinstein, L.L.C.] and the crash between the

metal object/rod and Plaintiff[’] vehicle, cause[d] Plaintiffs to bring their vehicle to

a sudden and unexpected stop, resulting in Plaintiffs being jerked and thrown back

and forth thereby causing incurred physical injuries.”

Plaintiffs alleged that Mr. Soileau, as the then-unidentified driver, was liable

for failing to act reasonably under the circumstances, including failing to inspect his

tractor-trailer before departing his earlier location, failing to properly secure metal

objects/rods loaded onto the tractor-trailer, failing to follow operating procedures

and practices for inspection and securement of objects being carried by the tractor-

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trailer, operating the vehicle without due care or in contravention of applicable state

law, and in operating the vehicle in a generally careless and reckless manner.

Plaintiffs alleged that, in addition to their liability under the doctrine of

vicarious liability and respondeat superior, Defendants were negligent in failing to

properly instruct/train their employees, failing to properly supervise and monitor the

“employee, driver,” permitting the driver to operate the tractor-trailer without proper

training or instruction and without undertaking reasonable measures related to

inspection and securing of the load, negligently hiring the driver, failing to enact and

promulgate proper rules and safety procedures, and in unnamed negligent acts.

Plaintiffs alleged that all defendants were liable “jointly, severally and in solido.”

Plaintiffs further alleged that Defendants J.T. Wein, Inc. and Morris H. Weinstein

were liable under La.Civ.Code arts. 2317 and 2317.1 given their “custody, garde,

and/or ownership of the truck/trailer with unsecured load and materials[,]” which

presented an unreasonable risk of harm resulting in the claimed damages and injuries.

J.T. Wein, Inc. and Morris H. Weinstein, L.L.C. jointly answered the petition,

acknowledging J.T. Wein, Inc.’s ownership of the subject tractor and Morris H.

Weinstein, L.L.C.’s ownership of the subject trailer. They further acknowledged

that “the tractor-trailer under the dispatch of J.T. Wein, Inc. was in the custody,

control, and operation of its employee.” Noting that the “operator of the subject

tractor-trailer” was, in fact, an employee of J.T. Wein, Inc., Defendants denied that

any “aspect of the load was dislodged or lost at any time.” They instead advanced

the “reasonable and proper securement of the load in transit[.]” Defendants

contended that the operator, Mr. Soileau, “properly inspected the load and performed

a pre-trip inspection” of the tractor-trailer, properly secured the load, and thereafter

followed proper procedure and practices in his securement of the load and operation

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of the tractor-trailer. They further alleged that J.T. Wein, Inc. had properly hired,

instructed, trained, and retained Mr. Soileau in the securement of any load

transported by him and properly supervised and monitored his conduct. Defendants

answered that “no aspect of the load in transit with Richard Soileau was dislodged,

lost, or in any manner came in contact with the vehicle operated by plaintiffs.”

Defendants advanced numerous affirmative defenses and stated, in part, that “the

alleged metal object at issue in this proceeding did not constitute or form any part of

the cargo in transit with Richard Soileau.” Instead, and although denying that the

event occurred as alleged by plaintiffs, Defendants “aver[red] that the subject

accident occurred because of the presence of a road hazard which Richard Soileau

did not create and in the exercise of reasonable care could not avoid due to the

presence of other motorists in, on, or about the other lanes of traffic upon the subject

roadway.”

In April 2019, Defendants J.T. Wein, Inc. and Morris H. Weinstein, L.L.C.,

filed a motion for summary judgment alleging an absence of genuine issues of

material fact indicating that Mr. Soileau “breached any duty to plaintiffs, as a matter

of law, or that he or his employer, J.T. Wein, Inc. are liable to plaintiff’s [sic] on any

basis.” It further alleged that, as Mr. Soileau was neither a direct employee nor under

the dispatch of Morris H. Weinstein, L.L.C. there was no basis for the latter’s

liability.

In support of their motion, Defendants attached, among other exhibits, Mr.

Soileau’s affidavit, whereby he explained his employment by J.T. Wein, Inc. and his

operation of the tractor-trailer on June 15, 2015, as discussed below. By affidavit of

Jeff Mitchell, J.T. Wein, Inc.’s Safety Director, Defendants represented that “J.T.

Wein, Inc. leased the trailer in transit with Richard B. Soileau from Morris H.

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Weinstein, L.L.C., Richard B. Soileau operated a tractor owned by J.T. Wein, Inc.,

and he was under dispatch from J.T. Wein, Inc. on June 15, 2015.”

Defendants also attached an excerpt of Mr. Woods’ deposition in which he

described the accident, but denied actually seeing a piece of “angle iron” come off

of the surface of the truck prior to it impacting his vehicle. In her own deposition,

Mrs. Woods similarly explained that she did not see the origin of the metal piece.

In opposition, Plaintiffs highlighted their depositions, including those aspects

of their deposition where they reviewed photographs of the purported load. Mr.

Woods identified metal pieces in the photographs that looked like the “angle iron,”

on the trailer, whereas Mrs. Woods disputed that the “pipes” in the photographs were

all like those on the trailer at the time of the accident.

Plaintiffs further attached Mr. Woods’ affidavit wherein he explained that he

and his wife were travelling in the same direction as Defendants’ tractor trailer,

which “was carrying a load of metal pipes.”2 Although the petition alleged that the

tractor-trailer had passed Plaintiffs’ vehicle prior to the incident, Mr. Woods

explained in the affidavit that “he decided to get from behind the tractor-trailer and

moved to lane 1.[3] At which time he saw a metal pipe, like the pipes that the tractor-

trailer was transporting, flying through the air in a lance-like motion. The pipe was

coming from the direction of the tractor-trailer.”

2
Although Plaintiffs’ petition referenced a “metal object/rod” and Mr. Woods described
an “angle iron” in his deposition, Mr. Woods described the object as pipe in his affidavit.
3
The affidavit does not include Mr. Woods’ description of “Lane 1.” However, during his
deposition, Mr. Woods explained that, at the location of the accident, Interstate 10, Westbound
includes four lanes. For purposes of the deposition, they were identified as “1 being the rightmost
as you proceed west, 2 being the one next to it, 3 being to the left and 4 being the leftmost lane[.]”
Mr. Woods explained that he was traveling Lane 1, whereas the tractor-trailer was travelling in
Lane 2. Both vehicles were westbound.

5

Following a hearing, the trial court granted Defendants’ motion for summary

judgment, concluding that Plaintiffs failed to demonstrate a genuine issue of material

fact that the metal piece came off of the subject trailer or that, if the metal object was

in the roadway, that the driver, Mr. Soileau, could not have avoided hitting that

object, thus propelling it into Plaintiffs’ vehicle. The trial court pointedly referenced

the affidavit of the truck driver, Mr. Soileau, and determined that it eliminated “any

inference that the metal object flew off of the Weinstein trailer” or that Mr. Soileau

“could not avoid hitting the object with this trailer.” The trial court determined that

Mr. Soileau’s affidavit offered “a prima facie showing that Soileau could not avoid

the object” and, thus, the burden shifted to Plaintiffs “to come forth with facts either:

(1) contradicting that the item came from the roadway instead of the trailer, or (2)

contradicting Soileau’s statement that he could not avoid striking the object in the

roadway.” The trial court concluded that they failed to do so.

Plaintiffs appeal, questioning:

1. Whether the trial court erred in granting summary judgment
where the supporting and opposing documents reveal conflicting
versions of the facts which may only be resolved by weighing
contradictory testimony and assessing witness credibility.

2. Whether the trial court erred in granting Defendants’ Motion for
Summary Judgment because there exist genuine issues of
material fact.

LAW AND DISCUSSION

Summary Judgment

Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure Article 966 allows a party to seek summary

judgment and provides that it “shall be granted if the motion, memorandum, and

supporting documents show that there is no genuine issue as to material fact and that

the mover is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” La.Code Civ.P. art 966(A)(3).

6

The burden of proving entitlement to summary judgment “rests with the

mover.” La.Code Civ.P. art. 966(D)(1). In cases such as this, where the defendants

would not be required to bear the burden of proof at trial, La.Code Civ.P. art.

966(D)(1) further provides:

Nevertheless, if the mover will not bear the burden of proof at trial on
the issue that is before the court on the motion for summary judgment,
the mover’s burden on the motion does not require him to negate all
essential elements of the adverse party’s claim, action, or defense, but
rather to point out to the court the absence of factual support for one or
more elements essential to the adverse party’s claim, action, or defense.
The burden is on the adverse party to produce factual support sufficient
to establish the existence of a genuine issue of material fact or that the
mover is not entitled to judgment as a matter of law.

A reviewing court considers a trial court’s judgment on a motion

for summary judgment pursuant to the de novo standard. Larson v. XYZ Ins. Co.,

16-745 (La. 5/3/17), 226 So.3d 412.

Genuine Issues of Material Fact

In their brief on appeal, Plaintiffs acknowledge Mr. Soileau’s statement in his

affidavit that he came across a piece of metal in the roadway that he was unable to

avoid. His trailer struck the metal, causing it to become airborne. However,

Plaintiffs note their own deposition testimony in which they challenged Defendants’

representations of the trailer’s load. This differing account, Plaintiffs contend, posed

issues of credibility and required a fact finder to weigh the evidence and testimony

which is inappropriate on consideration of a motion for summary judgment.

Defendants rely, in part, on Mr. Soileau’s affidavit, wherein he states that he

had been “dispatched by J.T. Wein, Inc. to pick up 13 pieces of 24″ pipe from Stupp

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Corporation in Baton Rouge, Louisiana on Friday, June 12, 2015.”4 He explained

that the “pipe was secured by nylon straps with and dunnage (wood boards) with

wooden chocks affixed to the dunnage with nails, which was loaded by Stupp

Corporation personnel.” He stated that “No iron or steel angle irons were used to

secure this load and none were present on the flat-bed trailer[,]” and that “he

performed a pre-trip inspection of the tractor-trailer” and its load before travelling

to his home in Mamou, Louisiana. Mr. Soileau stated that the “tractor-trailer was in

good operation and mechanical condition and the load was secure.” On June 15,

2015, the day of the accident, Mr. Soileau explained, he performed a pre-trip

inspection of the tractor-trailer and its load before leaving Mamou “en route to Pipe

and Tube Supplies, Inc. in Pearland, Texas[.]” He again described the tractor-trailer

and its load as “in good operational and mechanical conditions and the load was

secure.”

While driving on Interstate 10, Mr. Soileau continued, he “encountered a piece

of debris lying in the lane occupied by my tractor-trailer[,]” and that, although he

avoided striking the debris with his truck, he admitted that he “could not avoid

striking the debris with the tire or tires on the trailer.” Mr. Soileau admitted he saw

that debris in the roadway fly “upward from the road surface,” but that he “could not

4
Safety Director Mitchell’s affidavit includes attachments of the “Uniform Motor Carrier
Straight Bill of Lading,” Exhibit B, and the shipper’s “Straight Bill of Lading – Short Form,”
Exhibit C.

Exhibit B describes the delivery of “24″ pipe” from “Stupp” to “Pipe & Tube” of Pearland,
Texas. Exhibit C lists delivery from “Stupp Corporation” as “shipper” to “Pipe and Tube Supplies,
Inc. Pipe and Tube Supplies[,]” of Pearland, Texas, as consignor.

Mr. Mitchell’s affidavit also included a dispatch sheet from the subject delivery as Exhibit
A, which Mr. Mitchell referenced as “a true and authentic business of record of J.T. Wein, Inc.”
Titled “Codelite, Inc. Dispatch Sheet” the form references delivery as one from “Stupp
Corporation” to “Pipe & Tube Supplies,” with billing addressed to “Codelite, Inc.” of Porter, TX.
Codelite, Inc. is not otherwise identified in the record.

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see what happened to this debris because I could not follow the debris once this left

my vision in my side tractor mirrors.”

Finally, Mr. Soileau explained that upon delivery of his load in Pearland,

Texas on June 15, 2015, “all 13 pieces of the 24ʺ pipe were accounted for as was the

securement of nylon straps with dunnage; and there was no pipe or any of the

securement material, as loaded, missing from the flatbed trailer which I transported.”

Mr. Soileau took photographs of the load at this final location, representing both that

the photographs “show the load of 13 pieces of pipe and the securement, as loaded

in Baton Rouge, Louisiana … and there was no pipe or any of the securement

material missing in these photographs.” This affidavit testimony, Defendants

represent, is uncontradicted.

Plaintiffs’ opposition, however, sufficiently contravenes the conclusory

affidavit of Mr. Soileau filed by Defendant. While Plaintiffs acknowledged that they

did not see the metal object that struck their car actually leave the bed surface of the

tractor-trailer, both asserted that the object came from the exact direction of the truck

immediately as they were changing lanes. On this point, Mr. Woods responded as

follows on questioning of defense counsel:

EXAMINATION BY MR. PONDER [Counsel for Defendants]:

Q. But just to be clear, you didn’t see any piece of iron or
metal as you’re alleging it to be flying off the surface of the surface of
the trailer? You didn’t see that?

A. No, I – I did not see. The only thing that – I’m going to
say whenever I went from lane 2 to lane 1, when I proceeded to get to
lane 1, that – that similar piece of metal was airborne and in my
windshield.

Q. Already in the air?

A. It was – it was like right there.

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Mrs. Woods also described the sequence of events, explaining:

A. … My husband got into the right lane. He - - since we had
arrived in Houston, my husband told me to call my daughter-in-law and
tell her we were there … and she could meet us for breakfast. I did this
(indicating).

Q. You did what?

A. Reached over.

Q. To your right?

A. To my right to get my phone out of the pocket, the door
pocket of the vehicle. And the next thing I knew my husband had his
hand in front of my chest and he said: Oh my God. At that point in
time things started hitting the vehicle … the iron, the rust, and it was
rusty because it shows that … on the picture of the vehicle ….”

Mrs. Woods testified that her husband then “pulled over to the shoulder to make sure

[she] was okay.”

Additionally, Mr. Woods described the debris that struck his vehicle as a piece

of “angle iron” in his deposition.5 When presented with a photograph of the trailer’s

purported load, Mr. Woods responded as follows upon questioning by defense

counsel:

Q. Are you able – in this particular photograph are you able
to see any – any what you refer to as an angle iron anywhere?

A. Well, basically, if – if you – if you are looking at it, what
I consider angle iron is this piece right here (indicating).

....

Q. In this particular photo is this – what you’ve encircled, is
this a piece of wood or is this metal?

A. Well, it could be both. I mean I’m looking at what it looks
like appears to be and this appears to be angle iron. Whether it’s wood
or metal I’m looking at a photograph, so.

5
When asked by counsel “[w]hat is an angle iron,” Mr. Woods responded: “[P]eople refer
to it as different things. I’m looking at it as just a piece of - - it comes in different sizes where you
have this – it just forms a triangle, a triangle piece of iron.”

10

Q. Do you know - -

A. So I cannot tell whether it’s a piece of wood or metal; but
if you take me out there, I could tell you.

Q. Are you suggesting what you’ve encircled is what struck
your Mercedes?

A. What I’m what I’m looking at is circled as far as I can
recall it looks awfully familiar. It - - it looks familiar what – what this
piece is because it was a piece of what I consider something at an angle,
a rusted piece of metal –

Q. Uh-huh (affirmative response).

A. - that struck the vehicle.

....

Q. So you’re saying this looks familiar?

A. I say it looks familiar. I didn’t say it was that. I say it
looks familiar to what struck my vehicle.

[Plaintiffs’ Counsel]:
You mean similar to it?

THE WITNESS:
Similar to it. Yeah, it looks similar to what – what hit my
vehicle.

A reasonable inference from the testimony of Mr. Woods could lead the fact finder

to conclude that the metal object that hit the Woods’ vehicle came from the trailer.

Mr. Soileau’s statement in his affidavit was to the contrary: “No iron or steel angle

irons were used to secure this load and none were present on the flat-bed trailer.”

Hence there is a factual dispute that can only be resolved through trial on the merits.

Like her husband, Mrs. Woods explained that she did not see the origin of the

metal object that struck their car. However, when presented with the photographs

of the purported load on the trailer, Mrs. Woods also offered testimony contravening

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the version suggested by Defendants. She responded as follows on questioning of

defense counsel:

Q. The photograph that I showed Mr. Woods in his deposition
of the - - of a flatbed trailer, have you ever - - the pipes on this trailer,
do you recognize those pipes?

A. What I - - what I - - what I would say is this does not look
like the size of the pipes that were on the bed.

Q. Do you think the pipes on the bed from your recollection
were larger or smaller?

A. Smaller.

(Emphasis added.) Albeit to a lesser degree than the recollection of her husband,

Mrs. Woods account of the trailer’s load disputes Mr. Soileau’s affidavit. After

evaluating the testimony and evidence at trial, a reasonable inference from the

evidence may allow the fact finder to conclude that the metal object that struck

Plaintiffs’ vehicle did, indeed, come from the bed of Mr. Soileau’s truck, and that

Defendants are negligent.

The affidavits and deposition testimony from Mr. and Mrs. Woods undermine

Defendants’ position that they have offered a conclusive and uncontested showing

that the metal-like object that struck Plaintiffs’ vehicle did not originate from the

tractor-trailer.

The parties’ accounts also differ on the nature of the load and reveal

ambiguities surrounding the metal object’s origin. Whether styled as a credibility

determination or one of weighing the evidence, either consideration is inappropriate

on summary judgment. See Prop. Ins. Ass’n of La. v. Theriot, 09-1152 (La. 3/16/10),

31 So.3d 1012; Smith v. Our Lady of the Lake Hosp., Inc., 93-2512 (La. 7/5/94), 639

So.2d 730; Smith v. City Bank & Trust Co., 18-664 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/1/19), 271

12

So.3d 263; and Meyer & Assoc., Inc. v. Coushatta Tribe of La., 14-1109 (La.App. 3

Cir. 1/27/16), 185 So.3d 222, writ denied, 16-369 (La. 4/22/16), 191 So.3d 1048.

Instead, such considerations, which are clearly required given the parties’

differing summary judgment submissions, are not appropriate for summary

judgment. Rather, a trial on the merits, where the fact finder can observe, evaluate,

and weigh the trial testimony of the parties and make factual findings based on all

the evidence and reasonable inferences from the evidence is required in this case.

Likewise, the summary judgment submissions do not rule out that a fact finder

may alternatively conclude that Mr. Soileau, the truck’s operator, failed to keep a

proper lookout and negligently struck a metal like object on the roadway, causing it

to become airborne and strike Plaintiffs’ vehicle. Although not formally named and

served, the “unidentified driver” was named as an individual defendant in Plaintiffs’

petition. Indeed, the truck driver, subsequently identified as Mr. Soileau, admitted

that the wheels of the trailer did, in fact, strike an object on the roadway and, using

his rear view mirror, Mr. Soileau could see the object fly into the air behind his trailer

until he lost sight of it. It is undisputed that Mr. Soileau was an employee of J.T.

Wein, Inc. and that J.T. Wein, Inc. would be responsible for his negligence under

respondeat superior. See La.Civ.Code 2320; see also Richard v. Hall, 03-1488 (La.

4/23/04), 874 So.2d 131. Thus, we find that the trial court erred in entering summary

judgment in this case and we reverse that decision.

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DECREE

For the foregoing reasons, the summary judgment entered in favor of

Defendants/Appellees, Morris H. Weinstein, L.L.C. and J.T. Wein, Inc. is reversed.

This matter is remanded to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this

opinion. All costs are assigned to Defendants/Appellees.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

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