Joseph Taft Celestine v. Jessie Oliver

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

20-180

JOSEPH TAFT CELESTINE

VERSUS

JESSIE OLIVER, ET AL.

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APPEAL FROM THE
FIFTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF LAFAYETTE, DOCKET NO. C-20175113
HONORABLE MARILYN C. CASTLE, DISTRICT JUDGE

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SYLVIA R. COOKS
JUDGE
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Court composed of Sylvia R. Cooks, Chief Judge, Jonathan W. Perry and Charlie G.
Fitzgerald, Judges.

AFFIRMED.

Joseph Taft Celestine
In Proper Person
210 Liston Street
Lafayette, LA 70501
(337) 414-4639
PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT:
Joseph Taft Celestine

Patrick B. Sanders
Rise Again Law Firm, LLC
620 Derbigny Street
Gretna, LA 70053
(504) 463-4352
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANTS/APPELLEES:
Jessie Oliver and A Ambassador Limousine & Transportation, Inc.

COOKS, Chief Judge.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On September 5, 2017, Plaintiff, Joseph Taft Celestine, representing himself,

filed a “Petition to Recover Monetary Damages” on the basis of alleged sexual

harassment against Jessie Oliver and A Ambassador Limousine & Transportation,

Inc. Plaintiff, for a short period of time, was employed as a driver for Defendants.

In response, Defendants filed a Dilatory Exception of Vagueness and a Peremptory

Exception of No Cause of Action.

A hearing on Defendants’ exceptions was held on February 26, 2018. The

trial court sustained the Exception of Vagueness but deferred a ruling on the

Exception of No Cause of Action. Plaintiff was given ten days from the date of the

hearing to amend his petition to cure any and all defects so as to state a viable cause

of action.

Plaintiff filed his amended petition, which again set forth a claim for sexual

harassment in paragraphs 1 and 2, and also a claim for workers’ compensation in

paragraphs 3 through 11. Plaintiff requested $4.1 million dollars in damages due to

the alleged sexual harassment. In response, Defendants filed a “Partial Declinatory

Exception of Subject Matter Jurisdiction, Partial Peremptory Exception of No Cause

of Action, Motion for Article 863 Sanctions and Answer.” Defendants noted

Plaintiff’s worker’s compensation claims were not within the jurisdiction of the

district court. Defendants also maintained the amended petition did not show any

causal connection between the damages allegedly suffered by Plaintiff as a result of

sexual harassment, because all of the damages alleged are specifically related to the

worker’s compensation claim. Without damages, Defendants argue Plaintiff has no

cause of action for sexual harassment. Defendants also requested sanctions be

imposed against Plaintiff under La.Code Civ.P. art. 863.

On August 6, 2018, a hearing was held on Defendants’ Exception of Lack of

Subject Matter Jurisdiction, Exception of No Cause of Action, and Motion for

Sanctions. The district court sustained the exception of lack of subject matter

jurisdiction, denied the exception of no cause of action and denied the motion for

sanctions. Judgment to that effect was rendered on August 27, 2018.

Defendants sought writs from this court as to the district court’s denial of the

exception of no cause of action. On April 8, 2019, this court denied the writ, finding

“no error in the trial court’s ruling.”

On May 6, 2019, Plaintiff, continuing to represent himself, filed a “Motion

for Right to a Speedy Trial.” Apparently, trial was set for October 21, 2019. On

October 18, 2019, counsel for Defendants faxed a letter to the district court, alleging

that he had been informed for the first time that same day that trial was set for the

following Monday, October 21, 2019. Counsel for Defendants maintained he had

“never received notice of trial and have never been consulted with in choosing a trial

date.” The date for trial was reset for December 2, 2019.

On the day of trial, Plaintiff informed the trial court that he wanted a jury trial.

The trial court informed Plaintiff that he did not file a motion requesting a jury trial.

He also did not file any memorandum supporting that his damages were in excess of

$50,000.00, nor did he pay the required jury bond of $5,000.00 prior to trial. The

trial court explained to Plaintiff, that due to these deficiencies, it could not grant his

request for a jury trial.

After being told several times he could not have a jury trial, Plaintiff stated to

the trial court he did not “even want to go through with this.” The trial court warned

Plaintiff of the consequences of walking out on the scheduled trial, stating:

If you don’t go forward and put on any evidence today, the Third
Circuit will not hear your case. They do not accept evidence at the
Third Circuit. You can only put on evidence here. That’s why I’m

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telling you to have a seat. Your – There are some other cases in front
of yours. And, then, we’ll take your case up, and you can present what
you can. And, if you don’t like the result, then you can go to the Third
Circuit. But, if you don’t put anything on and you just walk out, they’re
not going to consider your case. So, you have to have a seat and wait
for your turn, OK?

In response to the trial court’s advice and warnings, Plaintiff stated “I’m not going

– I – You can do what you want. I want to leave.” The trial court on several more

occasions warned Plaintiff of the consequences of not staying and presenting

evidence or witnesses:

If you don’t go forward and put on any evidence today, the Third
Circuit will not hear your case. They do not accept evidence at the
Third Circuit. You can only put on evidence here. . . If you walk out of
here, you’re going to lose any rights that you have. I want you to
understand that.

Plaintiff then argued to the trial court that he was being denied assistance of counsel

in the present case, and wanted a lawyer appointed to represent him. The trial court

repeatedly explained to Plaintiff that he was not entitled to assistance of counsel in

a civil case:

No, I cannot appoint you an attorney, because you don’t get appointed
counsel on civil cases, Mr. Celestine. You only get appointed counsel
in criminal cases. Okay? You’re not entitled to appointed counsel. If
you want to represent yourself, you can.

After continued complaints from Plaintiff, the trial court told Plaintiff it was “calling

[the] case for trial. If you don’t want to present evidence and you walk out, then

your case is dismissed.” Despite these warnings, Plaintiff walked out of the

courtroom without presenting any witnesses or evidence at trial. Out of an

abundance of caution, Defendants presented the testimony of Jessie Oliver, who

refuted the allegations of sexual harassment made by Plaintiff.

A final judgment was signed by the trial court dismissing all of Plaintiff’s

claims with prejudice. The trial court, pursuant to La.Code Civ.P. art. 863, awarded

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Defendants $1,500.00 in attorney fees and $942.00 in costs. This appeal followed,

wherein, Plaintiff, still representing himself, asserted the trial court erred in

depriving him of his constitutional right to a jury trial and his right to a court

appointed attorney. For the following reasons, we affirm the judgment.

ANALYSIS

In his first assignment of error, Plaintiff maintains he was improperly denied

a jury trial in this case. As the trial court repeatedly explained to Plaintiff below,

La.Code Civ.P. art 1733 allows for a jury trial in a civil case if a pleading demanding

a jury trial has been filed and if the requisite jury bond has been paid.1 Plaintiff

failed to do either of these requisites. Therefore, the trial court did not err in refusing

Plaintiff’s request for a jury trial.

In his second assignment of error, Plaintiff maintains he was improperly

denied court-appointed representation in this matter. Plaintiff chose to pursue his

claims on an in forma pauperis basis in accordance with the provisions of La.Code

Civ.P. art. 5181-5188, which entitled him to proceed without payment of court costs

pending the outcome of the matter. However, these provisions do not provide for

the appointment of counsel for indigent parties in civil matters. Since this is not a

criminal matter, Plaintiff is not entitled to representation as required in criminal

matters by virtue of the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution.2 The

trial court correctly denied Plaintiff court-appointed counsel in this case.

1
While pauper status under La.Code Civ.P. art. 5181 may grant Plaintiff the privilege of
not posting bond in advance, La.Code Civ.P. art. 1733 specifies a pleading demanding a trial by
jury is to be filed in advance.
2
In Lay v. McElven, 96-1325 (La.App. 1 Cir.3/27/97), 691 So.2d 311, writ denied, 97-2398
(La.2/6/98), 709 So.2d 730, the court noted that constitutional due process requires the
appointment of counsel to indigents in civil matters when fundamental constitutional rights are
involved. However, the recovering of damages on a sexual harassment claim is not a fundamental
constitutional right which would entitle an indigent plaintiff to appointed counsel.
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DECREE

For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the lower court is affirmed. Costs

of this appeal are assessed to Plaintiff-Appellant, Joseph Taft Celestine.

AFFIRMED.

THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION.
Uniform Rules – Courts of Appeal, Rule 2-16.3.

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