George Wesley Higgins v. Sarah Beth Adams Higgins

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

21-182

GEORGE WESLEY HIGGINS

VERSUS

SARAH BETH ADAMS HIGGINS

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APPEAL FROM THE
NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF RAPIDES, NO. 260,785
HONORABLE MONIQUE F. RAULS, DISTRICT JUDGE

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JOHN E. CONERY
JUDGE

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Court composed of Elizabeth A. Pickett, John E. Conery, and Candyce G. Perret,
Judges.

AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED IN PART AND RENDERED.

Jeremy C. Cedars
Fine Legal Services, L.L.C.
4615 Parliament Drive, Suite 202
Alexandria, Louisiana 71303
(318) 767-2226
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE:
George Wesley Higgins

Angelo J. Piazza, III
Attorney at Law
Post Office Box 429
Marksville, Louisiana 71351
(318) 253-6423
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT:
Sarah Beth Adams Higgins

CONERY, Judge.

Sarah Beth Higgins (Sarah) appeals the portion of the trial court’s December

14, 2020 judgment which allows the father, George Wesley Higgins (Wes), summer

visitation beginning one week after school recesses until one week before school

begins again. The judgment is silent on alternate weekend visitation for Sarah.

Wes has answered the appeal and seeks to reverse the trial court’s judgment

granting Sarah’s motion for relocation allowing her to move the two youngest

children, then ages ten and twelve, from Alexandria, Louisiana to Metairie,

Louisiana. For the following reasons, we affirm the relocation and reverse and

render granting Sarah’s motion for alternative weekend visitation during Wes’s

summer custody.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

The parties were married in April of 2006 and divorced October 5, 2018. A

joint custody decree was attached to the divorce decree and approved by the trial

court. They have three children. The oldest, age 17 at the time of the hearing, is

Sarah’s biological daughter who was adopted by Wes. That child is now eighteen,

and there is no issue as to her custody or relocation. The original custody decree

issued in conjunction with the divorce decree on October 5, 2018, gave the parties

joint custody of the two youngest children and made Sarah the domiciliary parent.

Wes had visitation one night during the week and on alternate weekends. Holiday

visitation was clearly delineated in the original custody decree. That decree

provided for an alternating weekend schedule during the summer, as both parents

and the two minor children resided in Alexandria at that time.

Sarah sought to relocate the two minor children to Metairie where she

intended to live with her fiancé. She testified that at the time of the hearing she was

fifteen weeks pregnant by her fiancé, Dr. Bob Reilly, a Professor at Tulane School

of Medicine and a Trauma Surgeon at University Hospital in New Orleans. Sarah

further explained that her pregnancy was considered a high risk as this would be her

fourth cesarian section, and that she was seeing a specialist in the New Orleans area.

Sarah testified there were no such specialists available in Alexandria, Louisiana.

Sarah claimed that the main reason for her proposed relocation of the children

to Metairie was to take advantage of an advancement in her employment with Heart

of Hospice, an advancement not available in Alexandria. Sarah indicated that she

would be eligible for a substantial raise and thus better able to support herself and

the children. She also testified that the schools for the minor children, then in the

fifth and seventh grades, were superior to the schools in Rapides Parish and that

there were more cultural advantages for the children. Sarah’s initial motion for

relocation was filed on June 3, 2020. A supplemental petition for relocation was

filed on August 14, 2020, and was heard by the trial court on September 30, 2020.

After hearing all the evidence, the trial court thoughtfully considered the

relocation issue, granted Sarah’s motion to relocate and rendered extensive oral

reasons for allowing the relocation. As to visitation during the summer months, the

trial judge stated, “So, the visitation every other weekend. First week after school,

they go here (meaning their father’s home in Alexandria) for the whole summer, and

y’all split holidays.” (Emphasis added.) The transcript of the trial court’s ruling was

followed by a vague and confusing colloquy between opposing counsel and the court

on the issue of summer weekend visitation for Sarah after the relocation.

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Wes, in answer to Sarah’s appeal on the issue of summer visitation discussed

infra, answered the appeal and argues that the trial judge’s ruling allowing Sarah to

relocate with the minor children was an abuse of discretion.

We will first discuss the relocation issue.

THE RELOCATION ISSUE

Standard of Review

A trial court is granted vast discretion in deciding custody
matters; therefore, its decision “will not be disturbed on appeal absent
a clear showing of an abuse of discretion.” Lowe v. Lowe, 51,588, p.
12 (La.App. 2 Cir. 9/27/17), 244 So.3d 670, 678. “As long as the trial
court’s factual findings are reasonable in light of the record when
reviewed in its entirety, the appellate court may not reverse, even
though convinced it would have weighed the evidence differently if
acting as the trier of fact.” Id.

Carranza v. Carranza, 18-971, p. 5 (La.App. 3 Cir. 6/5/19), 276 So.3d 1028, 1032.

Burden of Proof

“The person proposing relocation has the burden of proof that the proposed

relocation is made in good faith and is in the best interest of the child.” La.R.S.

9:355.10.

The Louisiana Supreme Court in Gathen v. Gathen, 10-2312, pp. 9-10 (La.

5/10/11), 66 So.3d 1, 7-8 (footnotes omitted), discussed the burden of proof

applicable in relocation cases:

In Curole v. Curole, 02-1891 (La.10/15/02), 828 So.2d 1094, we
first discussed the burden of proof in a relocation case. We stated that
as in divorce, adoption, and termination of parental rights cases,
“Louisiana’s relocation statutes retain the ‘best interest of the child’
standard as the fundamental principle governing decisions made
pursuant to its provisions.” 828 So.2d at 1096. As explained, the
relocation statutes govern the relocation of a child’s principal residence
to a location outside the state, or, if there is no court order awarding
custody, more than 150 miles within the state from the other parent, or,
if there is a court order awarding custody, more than 150 miles from
the domicile of the primary custodian at the time the custody decree

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was rendered. Id. Pursuant to, La. R.S. 9:355.13. [1] the relocating parent
has the burden of proving that the proposed relocation is: (1) made in
good faith; and (2) in the best interest of the child. In determining the
child’s best interest, the court must consider the benefits which the child
will derive either directly or indirectly from an enhancement in the
relocating parent’s general quality of life. La. R.S. 9:355.13. In Curole,
we explained that by placing this two-part burden on the relocating
parent and placing no burden on the nonrelocating parent, the
legislature chose to assign a very heavy burden to the relocating parent
to prove that relocation is in the best interest of the child. Curole, supra
at 1097.[2]

THE TRIAL COURT’S REASONS FOR RULING

After the close of evidence and testimony, the trial court took a break, returned

to the bench, and gave extensive reasons for ruling beginning with the required

determination of whether or not “the proposed relocation is made in good faith . . . .”

See La.R.S. 9:355.10. The trial court found as follows:

The Court is of the opinion that she was in good faith. And what [led]
the Court to believe she was in good faith is, there was testimony about
whether or not the two parents had discussed this. They both agreed
that there were discussions. The dad agreed he discussed moves to
Lafayette with the mom, and he discussed her possibly getting another
job. And she stated that every time she had an interview, she discussed
it with him.
I think they did have a good, open line of communication when
all this wa[s] going on. He encouraged her. He said he encouraged her.
He said--his words w[ere], ‘He didn’t know about the kids. He would
have to research it.’ He then said, ‘It would not be okay.’ He said, and
his words, ‘He didn’t want to rain on her parade.’
By not coming straight out and telling her, ‘You can do what you
want to do. If you want to move, if you want to get you another job,
I’ll be happy for you, and I’ll support you in that, but you’re not taking
my kids. That wasn’t said. The discussions, just from both of their
testimony, the Court is of the opinion he [led] her to believe it was okay.
You don’t discuss jobs – what did he think she was gonna do with the
kids? Did he really think – I mean, why didn’t he ask. Okay, if -- if he

1
La.R.S. 9:355.13 is now cited as La.R.S. 9:355.10 effective August 1, 2012.
2
Louisiana Revised Statutes 9:355.2 was revised effective August 1, 2012 and the pertinent
distance from the domicile of the primary custodian at the time that the custody decree was
rendered was reduced from one hundred fifty miles to seventy-five miles.

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wasn’t sure about what she was gonna do with the kids, why didn’t he
ask: Well, are you planning to go, but you’re gonna leave the kids with
me? That – the normal things that should have happened did not happen,
which led her to believe it was okay.
Now, when she did send the letter and he objected, then she knew
definitely, she – because she consulted with an attorney. She said she
wanted to do it legally. She wanted to make sure she covered, I guess,
her bases, and knowing that they had discussions about it, she wanted
to do it the proper way.
So that’s why I don’t think she acted in bad faith. I just don’t
feel like there was -- you--you --you just don’t encourage somebody –
it’s good to encourage a person, but it’s always good to just be open
and up-front. That way, you don’t have any misunderstanding, you –
you know we’re both on the same page of music.
The trial court then addressed in turn all the factors that govern a motion for

relocation pursuant to La.R.S. 9:355.14. After thoughtful and careful deliberation,

the trial court issued its oral ruling.

RULING OF THE TRIAL COURT

BY THE COURT:

And so, I’m gonna let – allow her to leave, [(relocate the
children)] but I will [allow] you to leave only under this circumstance:
There’s to be no corporal punishment. They are to talk to their
grandparents. If they want to talk to them twenty times a day, they are
allowed. If I find out you’re not allowing them to speak to any one of
their family members, if I find out that you have been exercising
corporal punishment - and I will find out – you can just say goodbye.
Because the minute I find out about the first incident, and . . . . I’m
telling you it is not a threat, ma’am, I’m just telling you how I feel about
it. I question – I was back there questioning whether or not I should let
them go. Of course, these things weigh heavy on me. It’s your kids,
but it still weighs heavy on me. But, if I find out about any corporal
punishment, if I find out you’re not allowing them to make those phone
calls, I will take the kids and give them back to the dad.

If they would have been smaller kids, I, I’m gonna tell you this,
they would not be going with you. It’s only because they’re ten and
twelve that I’m allowing them to go, because they’re big enough to
open their mouths and say something is happening in that house. And
if it happens again, I, I -- you have an anger problem, or something is
going -- because of what they told me about you. I didn’t like that, but
I do agree you can discipline. But the -- it’s something not right about
your discipline, and I think it’s because you have some under[lying] –

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I guess you get mad, maybe, because you say, ‘I’m the mom, and they
can’t tell me what to do.’ And I understand that, but it’s still a right
way to discipline.

So, the visitation every other weekend. First week after school,
they [are to] go here for the whole summer, and y’all split holidays.

Discussion

Wes argues that the trial court abused its discretion in granting the relocation

of the two minor children. He asserts that only one factor pursuant to La.R.S.

9:355.14 weighs in favor of the relocation, Sarah’s economic advantage. This

economic advantage is based on the significant amount of money that Sarah’s fiancé,

who is a physician, earns and the anticipation of the consolidation of the family when

the couple marries, plus the advancement in Sarah’s present occupation and expected

future income.

Wes points out that the trial judge’s reasons found Wes’s entire family and

even parts of Sarah’s family live in Rapides Parish. The children’s school friends

and physician are also in Rapides Parish. Furthermore, the trial court found Wes to

be a hands-on dad, who sees his children daily and is extremely involved in their

lives and activities.

We note that the trial judge gave thoughtful consideration to her decision

before giving extensive reasons for ruling. The trial court’s oral reasons for ruling

and the subsequent signed judgment seemed to address the issues which concerned

Wes. The trial judge ordered Sarah to allow the children to have unfettered access

to Wes and his extended family, permitting the two minor children to call or receive

calls from Wes or their paternal grandparents as often as they wished. The trial court

also expressly forbad Sarah to use any form of corporal punishment on the two

children, and warned her that if either of these circumstances occurred, the two

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children would be removed from her custody and returned to their father, Wes.

One of the reasons the trial court chose to let the two minor children move

with Sarah was that, at their age, they were able to communicate and advise their

father or grandparents whether there were any problems. It was apparent that the

trial judge thought long and hard about her decision to grant the relocation, which is

clear from the trial court’s extensive findings and reasons for ruling. We find that

ruling was within the trial court’s vast discretion and affirm the trial court’s ruling

on the relocation issue.

THE SUMMER VISITATION ISSUE

Following the hearing, the parties could not agree on a form of judgment as

to summer visitation for Sarah. Sarah’s attorney filed a motion to clarify that issue,

and the trial court held a hearing on December 14, 2020. The trial court appeared to

confirm that her normal ruling would include summer visitation every other

weekend during the summer holidays. In her oral ruling at the conclusion of the

hearing on the relocation issue, the trial judge had specifically stated: “So the

visitation every other weekend.” We construe that statement to mean that the trial

judge orally ordered summer visitation for Sarah every other weekend.

Moreover, the minute entries of both the September 30, 2020 hearing on the

relocation and the December 14, 2020 hearing on the clarification of the judgment

contain language on this issue providing that Sarah would be entitled to “having

every other weekend in the summer[,]” when the father, Wes, had custody of the

children during the summer months. The final judgment does not so specify, hence

this appeal.

Because of the confusing colloquy on this issue between the trial judge and

the attorneys, it is arguably unclear whether the trial judge’s ruling gave Wes

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visitation for the entire summer without Sarah having every other weekend visitation.

The judgment is silent on that issue. For some reason, the trial judge, while

expressing that every other weekend visitation is her usual practice in cases such as

this, nevertheless failed to sign a judgment so specifying.

We reverse, finding on the record before us that visitation is appropriate and

must be allowed in the absence of evidence that such visitation would not be in the

children’s best interest. To the contrary, we find that it is.

We hereby Order that Sarah Higgins is to have visitation with her two minor

children C.H. and H.H. every other weekend during the summer months when Wes

Higgins has summer custody of the minors. Sarah is responsible for the

transportation of the children to and from her summer visitation at her expense.

CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, we find that the trial court did not abuse its vast

discretion in granting Sarah Higgins’ motion for relocation and affirm the December

14, 2020 judgment granting relocation. That portion of the of the trial court’s

judgment failing to specifically provide for summer visitation is reversed. Sarah

Higgins is hereby Ordered to have summer visitation every other weekend with her

minor children C.H. and H.H. when Wes Higgins has summer custody of the minors.

The trial court’s original Judgment dated October 5, 2018, is otherwise to remain in

effect. All costs are to be divided equally between the parties.

AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED IN PART AND RENDERED.

THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION.
Rule 2-16.3 Uniform Rules, Courts of Appeal.

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