Whitney Thomas Wise v. Cheyene Heid Wise

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

22-607

WHITNEY THOMAS WISE

VERSUS

CHEYENE HEID WISE

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APPEAL FROM THE
THIRTIETH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF VERNON, NO. 98933
HONORABLE TONY BENNETT, DISTRICT JUDGE

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ELIZABETH A. PICKETT
CHIEF JUDGE

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Court composed of Elizabeth A. Pickett, Sharon Darville Wilson, and Gary J.
Ortego, Judges.

AFFIRMED.

Elvin C. Fontenot, Jr.
Attorney at Law
110 East Texas Street
Leesville, LA 71446
(337) 239-2684
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE:
Whitney Thomas Wise

Adam Huddleston
Jones Law Partners
Post Office Box 14558
Alexandria, LA 71315
(318) 442-1515
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT:
Cheyene Heid Wise

PICKETT, Chief Judge.

A mother appeals the trial court’s judgment holding her in contempt for

failing to abide by a stipulated judgment wherein she agreed to relocate with her

sons to Louisiana from Texas. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

FACTS

Whitney Wise and Cheyene Heid married on June 22, 2015, and had two

sons, Jacob, born November 4, 2015, and Abel, born April 16, 2017. They resided

in Vernon Parish. On June 20, 2020, Whitney filed a petition for divorce in which

he asserted that he and Cheyene physically separated on June 27, 2019. After the

parties separated, Cheyene and the boys lived with her father and his wife in

Leesville. On June 30, 2020, Cheyene’s father moved to Godley, Texas, after his

new employer assigned him to an office there. In early July, Cheyene and the boys

moved to Godley and lived with her father and his wife. Cheyene was attending

the nursing program at Northwestern State University in Natchitoches. After

moving to Godley, she commuted to the university until she graduated on August

8, 2020.

On July 23, 2020, Whitney filed a motion to have Cheyene return the boys

to Vernon Parish, citing Cheyene’s failure to abide by Louisiana’s statutory

provisions for relocating a child’s residence, as provided in La.R.S. 9:355.1-19,

which the trial court signed ex parte. On August 13, 2020, the parties appeared

before the trial court and entered a stipulation by Cheyene that she would relocate

to Shreveport no later than November 30, 2020. The trial court signed a judgment

dated December 16, 2020, memorializing the parties’ stipulations and ordering

Cheyene to relocate with the boys to Shreveport. Two days later, Cheyene filed a

rule seeking permission to permanently relocate her and the boys’ residence to

Texas.

Cheyene did not relocate to Louisiana as ordered, and on January 20, 2021,

Whitney filed a rule for contempt, seeking to have her held in contempt,

sanctioned, and ordered to pay his attorney fees and costs. He also filed a motion

to prevent Cheyene from relocating the boys to Texas. Cheyene then filed an

exception of no cause of action, asserting it was impossible for her to comply with

the stipulated judgment’s order that she relocate to Shreveport. Whitney filed

another motion to have Cheyene sanctioned for not relocating with the boys to

Shreveport and to modify their custody arrangement.

On March 3, 2022, the trial court conducted a hearing on the various

motions filed by the parties. Cheyene acknowledged she agreed to move back to

Louisiana in August 2020 but testified that after agreeing to do so, she learned she

could not because of the national licensing requirements for nurses. According to

Cheyene, she could not afford to live alone in Louisiana after her father moved to

Texas but learned after relocating to Texas that she could not take the national

nursing examination in Louisiana because the test is administered based on

residency. Cheyene further explained she was mistaken when she entered the

consent judgment and believed a compact between Texas and Louisiana would

allow her to take the national nursing licensing examination in Texas and

immediately work in Louisiana.

Cheyene testified she learned after graduating that only single-state licenses

are issued for newly-licensed nurses. She also stated she was unaware Texas has

more restrictions than Louisiana for new nurses when she stipulated she would

relocate to Louisiana in August 2020. Specifically, Cheyene asserted she did not

know she could not get licensed in Texas to practice in Louisiana until August

2022. Cheyene further testified she signed a two-year contract with a Texas

hospital in November 2020. She asserted she could not relocate to Louisiana until
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her contract expired because whoever hired her would have to buy out her contract

with her employer, which would be costly due to the expense involved in training a

newly-licensed nurse.

The trial court took the matter under advisement then issued a written ruling

followed by a judgment regarding Whitney’s motion for contempt and other issues

that are not before this court on appeal. The trial court found Cheyene to be in

contempt for not relocating to Shreveport as she stipulated she would and ordered

her to pay Whitney $2,500 in attorney fees, together with court costs associated

with Whitney’s contempt rules, and sentenced her to thirty days in jail if she failed

to pay the attorney fees and court costs within ninety days of the judgment being

signed. The trial court denied Whitney’s request to modify custody of the boys.

Cheyene timely appealed the judgment.

DISCUSSION

Cheyene argues the trial court erred in denying her defense of impossibility

and finding she willfully disobeyed the stipulated judgment. The trial court made

the following findings of fact in its written ruling:

The court notes that the mother relocated the boys to Texas
around September of 2019. She never received approval of the court
to do so. In a court proceeding on August 13, 2020, the parties
stipulated that she would return to the Shreveport area no later than
November 30, 2020. As of the date of the hearing on March 3, 2022[,]
she still has not returned[,] and at trial she testified that if ordered she
doesn’t know if she could move back. She argues in her pleadings and
at trial the defense of impossibility.

The court notes that Ms. Wise came up with the idea to move to
Shreveport. Mr. Wise simply wanted the boys to be as close as
possible to Vernon Parish. Ms. Wise chose that location. The court
notes that now Ms. Wise argues that she could only get a Texas
nursing license, it is common knowledge that Vernon Parish and also
Shreveport borders very closely with Texas and while she may have
had to work in Texas, she could have lived in Louisiana and fulfilled
her agreement and gotten a job in Texas. The truth is she never tried.
She also argues that she is under contract and would have to pay a
sum of money to break the contract and she doesn’t have that money.
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However, the facts show that she signed that two year contract on
November 16, 2020. This was three months after she agreed to move
to Shreveport. Mom cannot argue the defense of impossibility when
mom caused the impossibility through her own actions. The court also
notes that according to the testimony of Ms. Wise, as of November
2021 she was eligible to get her Louisiana nursing license but there
was no testimony that she has done so or even attempted.

The court therefore denies the exception of no cause of action;
denies the request to have the temporary restraining order annulled,
and denies damages for wrongful temporary restraining order.

The court also denies the defense of impossibility and finds Ms.
Wise in contempt for willfully disobeying an order of the court. The
court orders her to pay the sum of TWO THOUSAND FIVE
HUNDRED AND NO/100 ($2,500.00) DOLLARS attorney fees plus
court costs for the contempt rules filed in this matter. The sentence of
the court is thirty (30) days in the parish jail, suspended. She will be
allowed to purge herself by the payment of the attorney fees and court
costs. She will have ninety (90) days from the signing of this
judgment to pay that.

The court also notes that Ms. Wise’s actions make[] it appear
that she does not have to follow the orders of the court. Ms. Wise is
quick to attempt to punish Mr. Wise by threatening supervised
visitation when the visitation is not convenient for her even though he
has completed his treatment. However, Ms. Wise has still not
completed her counseling from the judgment from almost two years
ago.

“A contempt of court is any act or omission tending to obstruct or interfere

with the orderly administration of justice, or to impair the dignity of the court or

respect for its authority.” La.Code Civ.P. art. 221. Contempts of court are either

direct or constructive. Id. A person’s “wilful disobedience” of a judgment is

constructive contempt of court. La.Civ. Code P. art. 224(2). “Contempt

proceedings are designed for the vindication of the dignity of the court rather than

for the benefit of a litigant.” Biggers v. Biggers, 13-127, p. 4 (La.App. 5 Cir.

9/18/13), 122 So.3d 604, 606 (citations omitted).

The mover in a civil contempt of court proceeding bears the burden of

proving the alleged contempt by a preponderance of the evidence. Paradise Rod &

Gun Club, Inc. v. Roy O. Martin Lumber Co., Inc., 14-1184 (La.App. 3 Cir.
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4/1/15), 160 So.3d 626. A trial court has much discretion when determining

whether a person committed constructive contempt, but to find a person guilty of

constructive contempt, the court must find she violated a court order

“‘intentionally, knowingly, and purposefully, without justifiable excuse.’” Lang v.

Asten, Inc., 05-1119, p. 1 (La. 1/13/06), 918 So.2d 453, 454 (quoting Brunet v.

Magnolia Quarterboats, Inc., 97-187, p. 10 (La.App. 5 Cir. 3/11/98), 711 So.2d

308, 313, writ denied, 98-990 (La. 5/29/98), 720 So.2d 343). Appellate courts

review a judgment holding a party in contempt under the manifest error standard of

review. McCorvey v. McCorvey, 05-1173 (La.App. 3 Cir. 4/5/06), 926 So.2d 114,

writ denied, 06-959 (La. 6/16/06), 929 So.2d 1290.

Cheyene first asserts the trial court erred in finding she moved to Texas in

September 2019. We agree. Whitney is the only person who testified Cheyene

moved in 2019, and his testimony was uncertain. Whitney was asked when

Cheyene moved to Texas. He responded, “The exact date, um, bear with me. I

know it was, um, I believe December of 2019, if I -- if I recall correctly.” He also

testified Cheyene graduated in December of 2019 or “January of 2020, 2021.”

Whitney’s uncertain testimony was contradicted by Cheyene and her father who

both testified Cheyene moved to Texas after her father moved in July 2020.

Additionally, Cheyene testified she graduated in August 2020, which corresponds

with her taking the nursing examination after she moved to Texas. Though the

trial court erred regarding this finding of fact, we find the error has no bearing on

the merit of Cheyene’s defense.

Next, Cheyene argues it was impossible for her to comply with her

agreement to move to Shreveport by November 30, 2020. The defense of

impossibility is set forth in La.Civ.Code art. 1873, which provides, in pertinent

part, “[a]n obligor is not liable for his failure to perform when it is caused by a
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fortuitous event that makes performance impossible.” “A fortuitous event is one

that, at the time the contract was made, could not have been reasonably foreseen.”

La.Civ.Code art. 1875.

In West v. Central Louisiana Limousine Service, Inc., 03-373, p. 2 (La.App.

3 Cir. 10/1/03), 856 So.2d 203, 205 (footnote omitted), this court addressed the

defense of impossibility and explained:

“[T]he nonperformance of a contract is not excused by a fortuitous
event where it may be carried into effect, although not in the manner
contemplated by the obligor at the time the contract was entered into.”
[Dallas Cooperage & Woodenware Co. v. Creston Hoop Co., 161 La.
1077, 1078-79, 109 So. 844 (La.1926)]. Rather, “The cas fortuit
[fortuitous event] must make the performance truly impossible.”
[La.Civ.Code art. 1873 (cmt.(d))]. In other words, if the fortuitous
event prevents the obligor from performing his or her obligation in the
manner contemplated at the time of contracting, s/he must pursue
reasonable alternatives to render performance in a different manner
before s/he can take advantage of the defense of impossibility.

. . . [I]t is well settled that an obligor is not released from his
duty to perform under a contract simply because such performance
becomes more difficult or more burdensome. The question of whether
the fortuitous event was sufficient to relieve the obligor of
performance or whether it, simply, made performance more
burdensome depends on the particular facts and circumstances of each
case, and is therefore governed by the manifest error standard of
review . . . .

The trial court’s detailed ruling shows its contempt finding is based

primarily on behavior that occurred after Cheyene’s August 2020 agreement to

move to Shreveport, not when she moved to Texas. The evidence, including

Cheyene’s testimony, substantiates the trial court’s findings of fact and

determination that she “willfully disobey[ed]” her stipulated agreement to relocate

to Shreveport in October 2020 as the trial court’s judgment ordered. As noted by

the trial court, Cheyene could have gotten a job near the Texas-Louisiana border

that would allow her to live in Louisiana and work in Texas, but she did not.

Moreover, there is no evidence she made any effort to comply with her agreement

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to relocate to Louisiana. For these reasons, the trial court did not commit manifest

error in holding Cheyene in contempt.

DISPOSITION

The trial court’s judgment holding Cheyene Heid in contempt of the August

13, 2020 stipulated judgment and ordering her to pay Whitney Wise $2,500 in

attorney fees and court costs associated with the contempt proceeding is affirmed.

Cheyene Heid has forty-five days from the date of this judgment to pay the ordered

amounts to Whitney Wise. All costs of this appeal are assessed to Cheyene Heid.

AFFIRMED WITH INSTRUCTIONS.

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