Sally D'Avy v. Matthew Kyle Buller

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

22-660 consolidated with 22-661

MATTHEW KYLE BULLER

VERSUS

SALLY D’AVY BULLER

C/W

SALLY D’AVY BULLER

VERSUS

MATTHEW KYLE BULLER

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APPEAL FROM THE
FIFTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF LAFAYETTE, NO. C-20145266 C/W C-20156093
HONORABLE DAVID A. BLANCHET, DISTRICT JUDGE

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ELIZABETH A. PICKETT
CHIEF JUDGE

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Court composed of Elizabeth A. Pickett, Van H. Kyzar, and Guy E. Bradberry,
Judges.

AFFIRMED.

James D. Bayard
Onebane Law Firm
P. O. Box 3507
Lafayette, LA 70502-3507
(337) 237-2660
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT:
Sally D’Avy

Bradford H. Felder
G. Andrew Veazey
Dona K. Renegar
Rebecca K. Bayless
Veazey, Felder & Renegar, LLC
2 Flagg Place
Lafayette, LA 70508
(337) 234-5350
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLEE:
Matthew Kyle Buller

PICKETT, Chief Judge.

The appellant, Sally D’Avy (formerly Buller), appeals the judgment of the

trial court ordering that she enroll her two children in the Lafayette Parish School

System Gifted Program on the motion of her former husband and the children’s

father, Matthew Buller.

FACTS

Sally and Matthew married on July 1, 2011. A judgment of divorce

terminating the marriage was signed on March 11, 2016. Two children were born

of the marriage. At the time of the May 26, 2022 hearing in this matter, the

children were ten and eight years old and had just completed the fifth and third

grades, respectively.

Following a hearing before a hearing officer on March 25, 2015, the hearing

officer recommended that Matthew and Sally be given joint custody of the

children. Sally was named the domiciliary parent, and the hearing officer set a

visitation schedule. Neither party objected to the recommendation of the hearing

officer, and it became an order of the court by judgment dated April 2, 2015.

Matthew filed a motion to modify the custodial agreement on October 6, 2017,

arguing that both parents had changed residences and jobs. After a hearing before

a hearing officer, the parties entered into a consent agreement regarding visitation

that became the judgment of the court on August 24, 2018. This judgment

maintained joint custody with Sally as the domiciliary parent.

On April 14, 2021, Matthew filed a Rule to Modify Custodial Schedule, to

Require Children to Attend Public School, to Prohibit Corporal Punishment, and

for Contempt. Relevant to this appeal, his motion stated:

Additionally, the parties jointly agreed that the children would
be home-schooled once the Covid pandemic began for the 2020-2021
school year. The agreement was contingent upon Sally following

appropriate curricula for each of the children, administering testing to
ensure the children stayed on track, and providing Matthew with
sufficient documentation and information so he could verify the
children’s progress. Sally has failed to follow appropriate curricula
for each of the children, to administer appropriate testing, or provide
sufficient information and documentation to Matthew. Further, the
children have not been participating in social activities and they need
social interaction. For these reasons, Matthew wants the children to
return to regular public school in the fall of 2021. Sally has indicated
that she will refuse to do so. Matthew requests an order from the
Court that the children return to public school as that is clearly in their
best interests.

Sally opposed his motion. A hearing on the Matthew’s rule was held before the

trial court on August 3, 2021. At the hearing, the parties agreed to certain

stipulations regarding custody. The parties entered into a Stipulated Joint Custody

Implementation Plan and a Stipulated Consent Judgment on Rules dated

September 23, 2021, which maintained Sally as the domiciliary parent, dismissed

the rule for contempt, and set a custody and visitation schedule. On the issue of

homeschooling, the parties agreed to submit to an educational assessment by Dr.

Donna Aucoin, to “determine whether the children’s educational needs are being

sufficiently satisfied by homeschooling.” Sally continued homeschooling the

children for the 2021-2022 school year. The judgment also required Sally to

“enroll the children in a homeschool social program.”

On December 7, 2021, Matthew filed a Motion to Reset Hearing on an

Expedited Basis Regarding Requirement for Children to Attend Public School. He

alleged that the educational assessment agreed to by the parties in September was

not necessary. He stated that Dr. Aucoin would only test the children’s aptitude,

and not review educational curricula, and the children’s aptitude was not at issue

because they had been tested for and approved to participate in the gifted program

in Lafayette Parish public schools. Sally opposed the motion, and the trial court

set a hearing.

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At a May 26, 2022 hearing, Matthew and Sally each presented evidence to

support their position. Matthew testified, and he introduced the report and the

testimony of Nancy Cadwallader, who the trial court accepted as an educational

planner expert. Sally also testified, and she introduced the report and testimony of

Amanda Courville, who the trial court qualified as someone with a master’s degree

in education. The trial court took the matter under advisement.

On July 1, 2022, the trial court issued a judgment ordering that the children

be enrolled in the Lafayette Parish School System Gifted Program for the 2022-

2023 school year, and in future years, unless agreed to by the parties in writing or

by order of the court. The trial court did not provide reasons for its ruling. An

amended judgment was signed by the trial court on October 10, 2022, which

corrected an error in the docket number but otherwise was identical to the original

judgment.

Sally now appeals the judgment of the trial court.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

Sally asserts one assignment of error:

The trial court manifestly erred as a matter of law and abused
its discretion in abruptly removing the children from their
homeschooling environment and ordering them into the public school
system, where the record is devoid of sufficient evidence to overcome
the heavy governing presumption that the domiciliary parent’s
decision to continue homeschooling the children was in their best
interests.

DISCUSSION

We first address the standard of review applicable to this appeal. The

jurisprudence of this circuit has long held that the standard of review in cases

involving child custody is whether the trial court abused its discretion in making its

decision. Thomas v. Duhon, 19-366 (La.App. 3 Cir. 11/6/19), 283 So.3d 1077.

Because the trial court is in a better position to evaluate the credibility of the
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parties and the witnesses in determining the best interests of the child, its decisions

are entitled to great weight. Hawthorne v. Hawthorne, 96-89 (La.App. 3 Cir.

5/22/96), 676 So.2d 619, writ denied, 96-1650 (La. 10/25/96), 681 So.2d 365. A

court of appeal will not disturb the decision of the trial court unless there is a clear

abuse of that discretion. Id. Reviewing the record in its entirety, we will not

reverse a trial court’s reasonable factual findings, even if we would have reached a

different conclusion if we had been acting as the trier of fact. Carranza v.

Carranza, 18-971 (La.App. 3 Cir. 6/5/19), 276 So.3d 1028.

In determining that the abuse of discretion standard of review is appropriate,

we reject Sally’s argument that we review the case de novo, citing Bergeron v.

Clark, 02-493 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/16/02), 832 So.2d 327, writ denied, 03-134 (La.

1/29/03), 836 So.2d 54. In Bergeron, this court determined that it could not

discern from the record the basis of the trial court’s decision. The trial court’s oral

reasons were brief, and there were no written reasons for its judgment. Further,

this court could not determine which home study (of two) that the court referred to

in reaching its conclusion. Given this inability to determine the basis of the trial

court’s judgment, this court reviewed the record de novo.

A trial court is not required to issue written reasons for judgment unless a

party timely files a request pursuant to La.Code Civ.P. art. 1917. City of Eunice v.

Carrier, 01-1184 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/20/02), 821 So.2d 3. We find that the absence

of reasons for the judgment of the trial court does not alter the abuse of discretion

standard of review in this appeal.

As has been established, Sally and Matthew have had joint custody of their

children since their divorce, and Sally has been the domiciliary parent. Louisiana

Revised Statutes 9:335(B)(3) states:

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The domiciliary parent shall have authority to make all
decisions affecting the child unless an implementation order provides
otherwise. All major decisions made by the domiciliary parent
concerning the child shall be subject to review by the court upon
motion of the other parent. It shall be presumed that all major
decisions made by the domiciliary parent are in the best interest of the
child.

For Matthew to prevail on his motion to terminate homeschooling and enroll the

children in public school, he must overcome the presumption that Sally’s decision

to continue homeschooling the children is in their best interests.

Matthew introduced the testimony and report of Mrs. Cadwallader, who the

court certified as a certified educational planner. Mrs. Cadwallader testified that

she runs a company that helps students as a college counselor. She also testified

that she works with students as young as fifth grade who are applying to boarding

schools. She reviewed the homeschooling curriculum for the children. She noted

that the textbooks used were older, copyrighted over twenty-five years ago. She

observed that both children were using the same materials for all subjects except

math and English language arts, despite the difference in their grade level. She

specifically noted that the children were tested on the same spelling words. She

also noted that while the curricula chosen by Sally provides tests for users, the tests

administered to the children were handwritten and messy, with the exception of

one printed test. She could not tell if they were the same tests provided by these

services in all cases.

Mrs. Cadwallader found that the lesson plans provided by Sally were not

specific, and usually just referred to a range of page numbers in a workbook, rather

than specific assignments or objectives. Mrs. Cadwallader reviewed both

children’s aptitude assessment reports and determined that they should be working

above grade level. She stated that the fifth grader was clearly not receiving an

education commensurate with her abilities. She noted that while the same
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materials can be used for different grade levels, there is an expectation that the

older child would be going deeper into the material with supplemental materials,

but she had no indication that this was occurring. Mrs. Cadwallader also noted a

lack of fine arts, physical education, and computer literacy in the curriculum. On

cross-examination, when told that the children attended physical education once a

week and that the fifth grader went to art classes once a week, she stated that she

believed it should be more than that.

Mrs. Cadwallader contacted the Lafayette Parish Schools and discussed the

educational opportunities available to children who qualify for the gifted program.

She found these to be superior to the curricula used by Sally to homeschool the

children. She concluded that “both children would benefit much more from being

enrolled in the gifted program with the public school system. Their learning would

be enhanced, their social skills would develop, enrichment programs would be

readily available and opportunities to excel in their academics are a part of such

program.”

Matthew testified that he agreed to the children being homeschooled for the

2020-2021 school year. He became concerned when the individualized curricula

Sally originally chose for the children switched to different, less comprehensive

lesson plans no more than three weeks into the school year. He also learned that

Sally was not using all the resources available from these programs, such as test

booklets and instructor’s guides. Matthew also testified that he and his family

were not allowed to participate in some of the activities the children took part in,

such as field trips or grandparents’ day.

The evidence adduced at trial shows that Sally has a degree from the

University of Louisiana-Lafayette in art education and later received a certification

in elementary education, though it has since expired. She testified that when
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schools shut down at the end of the 2019-2020 school year, she began

homeschooling her children, and became aware of shortcomings in the public

school curriculum. She decided to homeschool them for the 2020-2021 school

year, with the intention of developing them as lifelong learners. She also sought to

incorporate religion into their curriculum. When Matthew agreed with this initial

decision, she sought out curricula and materials that were rigorous enough for her

children, who she described as “so bright and so brilliant.”

Sally registered her children in the Home Study program through the

Louisiana Department of Education. That process required that she submit

standardized test scores and an outline of the work the child completed in the prior

year to be approved for the following year. Following the 2020-2021 school year,

her fourth grader scored between the 68th and 91st percentile on standardized tests,

while the second grader scored between the 84th and 95th percentile on standardized

tests. At the end of her fifth-grade year in spring of 2022, the older child took the

LEAP test. She scored at the Mastery level on the math assessment, which

indicates that she met expectations for her grade level, and at the Advanced level

on the English language arts assessment, which indicates that she exceeded

expectations for her grade level.

Sally further testified that she enrolled the children in a “homeschool mom’s

group” that meets periodically for various social activities, like swimming or trips

to the park. The children were also enrolled in a homeschool physical education

program once a week with thirty other children. The older child takes art class

with other homeschool children. She also testified that both of the children play

soccer and softball or baseball.

Sally acknowledged that she made some mistakes in choosing curricula, but

that the second year was better than the first year. She testified that some of the
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lessons, like history and science, are the same for both children, despite the fact

that they are in different grades. She explained that the books are the same for

both, but the older child has higher expectations, though she acknowledged that the

testing is the same for both children.

Sally’s expert, Mrs. Courville, provided a report to the court that indicated

that the homeschooling provided by Sally exceeded the standards set by the state in

many areas. Matthew’s counsel questioned her expertise, as she had only ever

taught in high school. When questioned by the trial court, she acknowledged that

she is a homeschool advocate. The trial court indicated that it would qualify her

expertise as someone who has a master’s degree in education. The trial court

acknowledged that Mrs. Courville is biased toward homeschooling and stated,

“[W]e’re talking about whether the kids should be homeschooled or go to public

school. That’s the issue before the Court. She can give me one portion of the

equation, but not the other. I don’t know how that’s of assistance to the Court. I

mean, adequate versus what?”

Reviewing the evidence as a whole, we find the record supports the trial

court’s finding that enrollment in the gifted program in public school is in the best

interests of these children. Clearly, the trial court made credibility determinations

about the reports and testimony presented by the parties’ expert witnesses, and we

will not second-guess those credibility determinations. Matthew, as the non-

domiciliary parent, presented sufficient evidence to rebut the presumption that

Sally’s preference for homeschooling the children is in their best interests.

CONCLUSION

The judgment of the trial court is affirmed. Costs of this appeal are assessed

to Sally D’Avy.

AFFIRMED.
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