Gregory Chank v. Starr Indemnity & Liability Insurance Company

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

CA 24-20

GREGORY CHANK

VERSUS

STARR INDEMNITY & LIABILITY

INSURANCE COMPANY, ET AL.

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APPEAL FROM THE
TWENTY-SEVENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF ST. LANDRY, NO. 19-C-0608-B
HONORABLE ADAM GERARD CASWELL, DISTRICT JUDGE

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GUY E. BRADBERRY
JUDGE

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Court composed of Jonathan W. Perry, Ledricka J. Thierry, and Guy E. Bradberry,
Judges.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

Charles J. Foret
Briney & Foret
P. O. Drawer 51367
Lafayette, LA 70505
(337) 237-4070
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE:
Roadsafe Traffic Systems, Inc.

Andrew H. Meyers
Breaud & Meyers
420 Oil Center Drive
Lafayette, LA 70503
(337) 266-2200
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE:
State of Louisiana, through the Department of Transportation &
Development

Kevin Joseph Koenig
Raggio, Cappel, Chozen & Berniard
P. O. Box 3146
Lake Charles, LA 70602-3146
(337) 436-9481
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE:
Allstate County Mutual Insurance Company

Jeannie C. Prudhomme
Assistant Attorney General
556 Jefferson Street, 4th Floor
Lafayette, LA 70501
(337) 262-1700
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE:
Louisiana Attorney General’s Office

Jean Ann Billeaud
Jeffrey Allan Riggs
Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard & Smith, LLP
100 E Vermilion Street, Suite 300
Lafayette, LA 70501
(337) 326-5777
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANTS/APPELLANTS:
Rockhill Insurance Company
Partridge-Sibley Industrial Service, Inc.
Terry Gates

F. Forrester Willoz, IV
3900 N. Causeway, Suite 1060, One Lakeway Center
Metairie, La 70002
(504) 219-2030
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE:
Stripe-A-Zone-LA, LLC

Kathleen P. Rice
Frilot LLC
3700 Energy Center
1100 Poydras
New Orleans, LA 70163
(504) 599-8000
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE:
Evans Insurance Company

Jerome H. Moroux
Scott M. Richard
Kenneth P. Hebert
Broussard & David, LLC
P.O. Box 3524
Lafayette, LA 70502-3524
(337) 233-2323
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE:
Gregory Chank

Ronald Shane Bryant
1615 Poydras Street, Suite 1250
New Orleans, LA 70112
(504) 592-4600
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE:
Bobby Guidroz, Sheriff of St. Landry

Andre M. Boudreaux
Geiger, Laborde & Laperouse, LLC
701 Poydras Street, Suite 4800
New Orleans, LA 70139
(504) 654-1340
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE:
Starr Indemnity & Liability Insurance Company

Abby Roberts Lukov
601 Poydras Street, 24th Floor
New Orleans, LA 70130-6036
(504) 525-8000
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE:
Gregory Chank

BRADBERRY, Judge.

The issues in this case center around whether the trial court erred in granting

summary judgment in favor of the State of Louisiana through the Department of

Transportation and Development (DOTD) and Stripe-A-Zone-LA, LLC (Stripe-A-

Zone) and dismissing the Plaintiff’s case against them. The remaining Defendants,

Terry Gates (Mr. Gates), his employer, Partridge-Sibley Industrial Service, Inc., and

its insurer, Rockhill Insurance Company, allege that evidence was improperly

excluded and that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment. Plaintiff did

not file an appeal.

FACTS

This case involves a chain-reaction accident on Interstate 49 on March 15,

2018. Gregory Chank (Mr. Chank) was operating a vehicle northbound on Interstate

49 at the same time Mr. Gates was operating a tractor-trailer rig several vehicles

behind Mr. Chank. Mr. Gates struck the rear of another automobile, causing a chain-

reaction collision involving several vehicles and resulting in another vehicle striking

Mr. Chank’s vehicle. At the time of the accident, Stripe-A-Zone was performing

road-striping work on Interstate 49.

Mr. Chank filed suit on February 7, 2019, against numerous parties. He

argued that proper signage regarding the striping activities was not in place at the

time of the accident. DOTD and Stripe-A-Zone both filed motions for summary

judgment in 2023 arguing that there was no evidence indicating that that they were

responsible for the accident. A hearing on the motions was held on September 25,

2023. Following the hearing, the trial court granted the motions for summary

judgment and signed judgments dismissing both parties from the case.

Mr. Gates, Partridge-Sibley Industrial Service, and Rockhill Insurance

Company (collectively referred to as Appellants) appeal the judgments.

EVIDENTIARY MATTERS

Affidavit of Gregory Chank

Appellants first argue that the trial court erred in excluding the affidavit of Mr.

Chank. DOTD and Stripe-A-Zone state in their briefs that the trial court did not

exclude the affidavit. Appellants rely on the minutes, stating that it did.

The transcript of the hearing provides the following statement by the trial

court:

Well, let me stop you. I don’t think it’s objectionable on the issue of
relevance. It’s is it [sic] a document that can be used either to support
or to oppose a summary judgment, and certainly an Affidavit is one of
those documents. Now, it may not do anything, and that you certainly
can argue in your motion, but I don’t know that it’s objectionable on
the issue of relevance.

The minutes of the hearing provide: “The Court finds that the plaintiff’s

exhibits attached to the Opposition to Motion for Summary Judgment and plaintiff’s

exhibits attached to the Opposition to Motion for Summary Judgment, are

inadmissible.”

We first observe that the minutes do not specifically refer to each piece of

evidence that Mr. Chank offered in opposition to the motions for summary judgment,

but merely refer to the evidence as a whole.

“Where the minute entry and transcript conflict, the transcript prevails.” State

v. Watson, 00-1580, p. 3, fn. 4 (La. 5/14/02), 817 So.2d 81.

We find that the trial court allowed admission of the affidavit and specifically

considered it later in the hearing. When counsel for Mr. Chank made the argument

that Mr. Chank’s affidavit stated that he did not see any signs indicating the road

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striping activity, the trial court noted that “[h]is Affidavit doesn’t say they weren’t

there.”

We find no merit to this assignment of error and will consider the affidavit, as

did the trial court, in our discussion of whether the trial court properly granted the

motions for summary judgment.

Record of the DOTD

The Appellants also claim that the trial court erred in excluding a record that

was produced by DOTD in related litigation. They claim this record was self-

authenticating and certified. In opposition, the DOTD and Stripe-A-Zone argue that

the evidence was an uncertified and unauthenticated email purporting to be a

subpoena response by DOTD in an unidentified “earlier suit.” They argue that the

Appellants submitted a copy of an email to which DOTD document was attached.

Specifically, they argue that the exhibit does not identify any lawsuit, contains no

caption, and is not a pleading. No subpoena duces tecum or written subpoena

response was included nor was there an attorney signature or verification.

Furthermore, the document was not certified by any court. They argue that the

exhibit is nothing more than hearsay.

Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure Article 966(A)(4)(a)(emphasis added)

provides the types of documents that may be introduced in favor of or in opposition

to a motion for summary judgment as follows:

The only documents that may be filed or referenced in support of
or in opposition to the motion are pleadings, memoranda, affidavits,
depositions, answers to interrogatories, certified medical records,
certified copies of public documents or public records, certified
copies of insurance policies, authentic acts, private acts duly
acknowledged, promissory notes and assignments thereof, written
stipulations, and admissions. The court may permit documents to be
filed in any electronically stored format authorized by court rules or
approved by the clerk of the court.

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Louisiana Code of Evidence Article 905 provides for the authentication of

copies of public records as follows:

A. Self-authentication. Extrinsic evidence of authenticity as a
condition precedent to admissibility is not required with respect to a
document purporting to be a document authorized by law to be recorded
or filed and actually recorded or filed in a public office, including data
compilations in any form, when it is certified as being true or correct
by the custodian or other person authorized to make the certification,
by certificate complying with Article 902(1), (2), or (3) and when, by
statute, it is made to be presumptively or prima facie genuine or
authentic.

B. Copy of original document described in Paragraph A. A
document which purports to be a copy of an original document
described in Paragraph A shall be deemed as authentic as the original
when certified as true or correct by the custodian or other person
authorized to make the certification, by certificate complying with
Article 902(1), (2), or (3).

C. Copy of other public records. A document which purports
to be a copy of an original document, other than a document described
in Paragraph A, which is recorded or filed in a public office, including
a data compilation in any form, shall be prima facie evidence that the
copy accurately reflects the contents of the document which is filed or
recorded when the copy is certified as true or correct by the custodian
or other person authorized to make the certification, by certificate
complying with Article 902(1), (2), or (3).

As noted in Comment (d) to the article, “The certified copy, however, is not

admissible unless it itself is authentic, that is, an accurate copy of the original

document retained in the public office. Paragraph C of this Article provides for

prima facie authenticity of such a certified copy.”

The evidence Appellants sought to introduce was a copy of a copy that had

been certified. The copy they sought to introduce was not itself certified. It is

attached to an email which was not in any way related to the present case.

In State v. Honeycutt, 29,596, p. 5 (La.App. 2 Cir. 8/20/97), 698 So.2d 718,

721, the second circuit held that faxed copies of a bill of information and court

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minutes only contained a copy of the “clerk’s signature attesting that each document

was a ‘true copy.”’ The court found that this is not sufficient to establish

authentication. We agree. A copy of a certified copy is not admissible as an

authenticated public record under La.Code Evid. art. 905. It must be a certified copy

itself. The trial court did not err in excluding this evidence.

MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

The trial court granted the motion for summary judgment finding that neither

DOTD nor Stripe-A-Zone breached any duty. Appellants argue that the trial court

erred in granting a motion for summary judgment because the evidence submitted

created a genuine issue of material fact as to whether there was proper signage and/or

warnings in place at the time of the subject accident.

A ruling on a motion for summary judgment is reviewed under a
de novo standard, with the appellate court using the same criteria that
govern the district court’s determination of whether summary judgment
is appropriate, i.e., whether there is any genuine issue of material fact,
and whether the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
Pursuant to La. Code Civ. P. art. 966(D)(1), the burden on the party
moving for summary judgment “does not require him to negate all
essential elements of the adverse party’s claim, action, or defense, but
ratherto point out to the court the absence of factual support for one or
more elements essential to the adverse party’s claim, action, or defense.”
When a motion for summary judgment is made and supported, an
adverse party may not rest on the mere allegations or denials of his
pleadings, but his response, by affidavits or otherwise, must set forth
specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial. La. Code
Civ. P. art. 967(B). Once a motion for summary judgment has been
properly supported by the moving party, the failure of the non-moving
party to produce evidence of a material factual dispute mandates the
granting of the motion.

Corbajal v. Chris Owens French Quarter Parade, LLC, 24-191, pp. 3–4 (La.

5/21/24), 385 So.3d 236, 237-38 (case citations omitted).

The State owes a duty to keep highways and shoulders reasonably safe for

non-negligent motorists even though it is not the guarantor of their safety. Lain v.

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Chapa, 48,000 (La.App. 2 Cir. 5/15/13), 114 So.3d 563, writs denied, 13-1753, 13-

13-1759 (La. 11/1/13), 125 So.3d 433, 434.

In order to establish a breach of the DOTD’s duty to maintain safety for
the motoring public, a plaintiff must show that: 1) the thing that caused
the harm was in the DOTD’s custody; 2) the thing was defective due to
a condition that created an unreasonable risk of harm; 3) the DOTD
possessed actual or constructive notice of the defect, and failed to take
corrective measures to remedy the defect within a reasonable period of
time; and, 4) the defect was a cause in fact of plaintiff’s injuries.

Id. at 566.

Furthermore, DOTD is not responsible for all accidents that occur on the

state’s highways that result from careless driving and is not responsible merely

because an accident occurred. Skulich v. Fuller, 46,733 (La.App. 2 Cir. 12/14/11),

82 So.3d 467.

Louisiana Revised Statutes 32:235(E) provides that “[p]roof that any state,

parochial or municipal authority was at the time of any incident complained of in

compliance with the provisions of the department’s traffic control devices manual

shall be prima face evidence of discharge by such authority of its obligations to the

motoring public.”

In this case, the DOTD and Stripe-a-Zone, as the movers for the motion for

summary judgment, introduced the affidavit of Jeremy Evans, who was the traffic

control supervisor for Stripe-A-Zone at the time of the accident. Mr. Evans stated

that he would inspect and monitor the traffic controls for the project including traffic

control signage and positioning. He explained that the work involved road striping

which was not static and moving slowly along Interstate 49. Mr. Evans stated that

two truck mounted attenuators were being utilized along with various other traffic

control devices, with message boards positioned on top of the trucks. Mr. Evans’

truck-mounted attenuator was approximately 1000 feet ahead of a Sheriff’s unit,

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which had its flashing lights illuminated. Mr. Evans stated that the traffic controls

were in the proper position and that DOTD inspectors confirmed that signage was

placed properly before operations began.

We find that this affidavit is insufficient to establish entitlement to a motion

for summary judgment. As the movers, it was DOTD’s and Stripe-A-Zone’s burden

to establish that proper signage was in place at the location of the accident. While

in his affidavit Mr. Evans discusses what measures were taken to indicate road

striping activities in the area, there are no specifics as to whether these measures

complied with the department’s traffic control devices manual, which would be

prima facie proof of DOTD’s absence of fault pursuant to La.R.S. 32:235(E). There

are also no details about the location of the signage in regard to the site of the

accident itself.

We find that trial court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of DOTD

and Stripe-A-Zone and remand the case to the trial court for further proceedings.

Costs of this appeal in the amount of $3,094.64 are assessed equally to the State of

Louisiana, through the Department of Transportation and Development, and Stripe-

A-Zone-LA, LLC.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

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