State of Louisiana and the Vermilion Parish School Board v. the Louisiana Land and Exploration Company

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

STATE OF LOUISIANA
COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

CM 23-591

STATE OF LOUISIANA AND THE VERMILION

PARISH SCHOOL BOARD, ET AL.

VERSUS

THE LOUISIANA LAND AND EXPLORATION

COMPANY, ET AL.

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APPEAL FROM THE
FIFTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
PARISH OF VERMILION, NO. 82,162
HONORABLE ROYALE L COLBERT, JR., DISTRICT JUDGE

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VAN H. KYZAR

JUDGE

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Court composed of D. Kent Savoie, Van H. Kyzar and Gary J. Ortego, Judges.

Savoie, J., dissents and would grant the motion.

MOTION TO DISMISS APPEAL DENIED.

Jerold Edward Knoll
The Knoll Law Firm
Post Office Box 426
Marksville, LA 71351
(318) 253-6200
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE:
The Vermilion Parish School Board

Donald T. Carmouche
Victor L. Marcello
Diane Adele Owen
John Hogarth Carmouche
William R. Coenen, III
Brian T. Carmouche
Christopher D. Martin
Ross J. Donnes
Todd J. Wimberley
Caroline H. Martin
Leah C. Poole
Michael L. Heaton
Talbot, Carmouche & Marcello
17405 Perkins Road
Baton Rouge, LA 70810
(225) 400-9991
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE:
The Vermilion Parish School Board

Michael R. Phillips
Claire E. Juneau
Jeffrey J. Gelpi
Anne C. Lemelin
Kean, Miller, LLP
909 Poydras Street, Suite 3600
New Orleans, LA 70112
(504) 585-3050
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT:
Union Oil Company of California

Louis Victor Gregoire, Jr.
Dylan T. Scully
Kean, Miller, LLP
400 Convention Street, Suite 700
Baton Rouge, LA 70802
(225) 387-0999
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT:
Union Oil Company of California

Grady Joseph Abraham
Attorney at Law
5040 Ambassador Caffery, Suite 200
Lafayette, LA 70508
(337) 234-4523
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE:
The Vermilion Parish School Board

Ryan M. Seidemann
Louisiana Department of Justice
1885 N. 3rd Street
Baton Rouge, LA 70802
(225) 326-6085
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE:
State of Louisiana through the Department of Natural Resources

Andrew M. Stakelum
Robert E. Meadows
King & Spalding, LLC
1100 Louisiana, Suite 4000
Houston, TX 77002-5213
(713) 751-3200
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT:
Union Oil Company of California

KYZAR, Judge.

Plaintiff-Appellee, Vermilion Parish School Board (VPSB), filed a motion to

dismiss the unlodged appeal of Defendant-Appellant, Union Oil Company of

California (Unocal). For the reasons stated herein, we deny the motion to dismiss the

appeal.

In 2004, the State of Louisiana (the State) and the VPSB filed suit against

Unocal and other defendants, seeking remediation of the Sixteenth Section school

lands in Vermilion Parish. The property is owned by the State and managed by VPSB.

The case was tried by a jury in May of 2015, and the jury returned a multi-million-

dollar verdict. In accordance with the 2006 version of La. R.S. 30:29, the matter was

referred to the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources, Office of Conservation

(LDNR), for a public hearing. In accordance with the trial court’s order, the

State/VPSB and UNOCAL submitted plans for remediation to LDNR. The panel

rejected both plans and structured its own plan, the LDNR Most Feasible Plan (MFP).

The judgment at issue was signed by the trial court on July 27, 2023. Unocal

sought to appeal this judgment, and an order of appeal was entered on August 24,

2023. The appeal has not yet been lodged in this court. Unocal has also filed an

application for supervisory writs of the same judgment in docket number 23-550 and

states that the filing is solely as a precaution to reserve all rights to seek review of the

judgment in the event this court finds that any aspect of the judgment is not

immediately appealable.

In VPSB’s motion to dismiss the unlodged appeal, it argues that the judgment is

not appealable under La.R.S. 30:29(C)(6) which reads:

Any judgment adopting a plan of evaluation or remediation pursuant to
this Section and ordering the parties admitting responsibility or the party
or parties found legally responsible by the court to deposit funds for the
implementation thereof into the registry of the court pursuant to this
Section shall be considered a final judgment . . . for purposes of appeal.

VPSB states that an appeal has already been taken under La.R.S. 30:29(C)(6) and was

disposed of long ago. Also, VPSB asserts that this section of the statute refers to the

procedure whereby a) a jury finds the defendant liable for environmental damage, b)

the case is referred to the LDNR for a second trial, c) the LDNR issues a MFP, and d)

the trial court adopts the MFP in a judgment. VPSB maintains that each of those

events have already occurred in this case. A jury found Unocal liable for

environmental damage in 2015. The trial court then referred the matter to the LDNR

for a feasible plan hearing which occurred in March of 2016. The LDNR

subsequently issued its MFP in July of 2016. A “Judgment Regarding Most Feasible

Plan Pursuant to La.R.S. 30:29(C)(6)” was issued by the trial court on November 3,

2016, which was appealed and affirmed by this court on March 4, 2018.

VPSB also argues that La.R.S. 30:29(C)(6) does not apply to the July 27, 2023

judgment because the judgment does not adopt a new plan of evaluation or

remediation as claimed by Unocal in its pending writ application. VPSB asserts that

the MFP was issued in 2016, and the trial court acknowledged same, finding “that

Unocal has not fully complied with the MFP adopted by the State of Louisiana on

November 3, 2016.” VPSB adds that the trial court heard evidence about how the

sample concentrations have worsened over the past seven years and subsequently

ordered a deposit of money to address the groundwater problem as provided for in the

MFP. VPSB urges that the trial court did not, however, create a new MFP.

Next, VPSB argues that La.R.S. 30:29(D)(4) expressly requires jurisdiction to

remain with the trial court to order additional funds to be deposited into the registry of

the court. VPSB maintains that the July 27, 2023 judgment arose out of Plaintiffs’

“Motion to Require Unocal to Deposit Additional Money Into the Registry of the

Court.” After three days of testimony and argument, the trial court found that “the

amounts deposited by Unocal into the registry of the Court are inadequate to address

the cleanup” and ordered Unocal to deposit additional money to accomplish the

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cleanup required by the MFP. VPSB concludes that the July 27, 2023 judgment is

contemplated by La.R.S. 30:29(D)(4) and has nothing to do with La.R.S. 30:29(C)(6).

VPSB also argues that Unocal’s appeal is not supported by the Louisiana Code

of Civil Procedure. For a judgment to be appealable, the VPSB asserts that it must be

a final judgment in accordance with La.Code Civ.P. art. 1915. A judgment is

automatically considered final when it falls into one of six categories set forth in

La.Code Civ.P. art. 1915(A). If a judgment does not fall under La.Code Civ.P. art.

1915(A), it may nonetheless be considered final if the trial court designates the

judgment as final under La.Code Civ.P. art. 1915(B). VPSB maintains that the July

27, 2023 judgment is not a final judgment for the purposes of taking an immediate

appeal because it does not dismiss the lawsuit as to any part, it does not grant a motion

for judgment on the pleadings, it does not grant a motion for summary judgment, and

it does not satisfy paragraphs 4 through 6 of La.Code Civ.P. art. 1915(A). Further, the

judgment does not grant a partial summary judgment or rule upon an exception, and

the judgment has not been designated as final under La.Code Civ.P. art. 1915(B).

VPSB urges that the judgment is purely interlocutory because it contemplates

additional appearances before the court and may be revised at any time. Specifically,

the judgment requires the parties to meet with the LDNR, to file progress reports, and

to prepare additional submissions.

In opposition, Unocal argues that VPSB’s motion to dismiss the unlodged

appeal is premature because the court cannot resolve the issues raised therein without

being presented with any evidence in the appellate record. See Cureton v. Cureton,

20-199 (La.App. 3 Cir. 4/8/20), 2020 WL 1702083. In Cureton, this court explained:

We note that the appeal in this matter has not yet been lodged.
“Appellate courts are courts of record, and we must render judgment
based on the record on appeal. La.Code Civ.P. art. 2164; Willis v. Letulle,
597 So.2d 456 (La.App. 1 Cir.1992). We may not review evidence that is
not in the record, and we may not receive new evidence. Willis, 597
So.2d 456.” Independent Weekly, LLC v. Pope, 16-160 (La.App. 3 Cir.
/30/16), 188 So.3d 469. This court needs the entire appellate record

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evidencing the fact that Defendant has appealed and comported with the
rules for filing a suspensive or devolutive appeal. For instance, Plaintiff
directs this court's attention to a purported judgment of March 20, 2020,
granting Defendant an appeal, but no judgment bearing that date has been
provided to this court. This court must have a record upon which to base
a finding as to what issues remain to be decided.

Likewise, in the instant case, Unocal asserts that VPSB’s motion is premature

because the appellate record has not yet been lodged. Unocal points out that at the

heart of VPSB’s motion to dismiss is a dispute regarding the requirements of the MFP

and the purpose and effect of the $63 million dollar judgment. Unocal maintains that

this court needs the entire appellate record to resolve that dispute.

Next, Unocal argues that VPSB’s motion violates the Uniform Rules of

Louisiana Courts of Appeal, Rule 2-7.2 which requires all motions filed in an

appellate court to bear the number and title of the cause in the court of appeal. Since

VPSB moved to dismiss Unocal’s appeal before it had been assigned a case number,

Unocal contends that VPSB’s motion does not bear the number of the case as required

by Rule 2-7.2. Further, Unocal asserts that Uniform Rules of Louisiana Courts of

Appeal, Rule 2-8.5 requires a joint motion signed by all counsel to dismiss an appeal

before it has been lodged. As such, Unocal maintains that VPSB’s motion is

premature and procedurally deficient.

Additionally, Unocal argues that VPBS’s motion to dismiss raises issues related

to the merits of Unocal’s appeal which must be resolved on the merits of the appeal.

Unocal asserts that the merits of an appeal cannot be considered on a motion to

dismiss. Gulf States Utils. Co. v. Dixie Elec. Membership Corp., 179 So.2d 637

(La.1965). Further, when a motion is based on issues which relate to the merits,

Unocal states that this court should either deny the motion or refer the motion to the

panel reviewing the merits of the appeal. Town of Kinder v. Beauregard Elec. Co-op,

Inc., 339 So.2d 891 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1976). Unocal urges that VPSB’s motion to

dismiss raises issues that are closely related to the merits of the appeal--whether the

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trial court’s judgment enforces the MFP or materially alters the MFP by requiring

additional evaluation and remediation. As such, Unocal maintains that the motion

should be denied or referred to the panel assigned to review the merits of the appeal.

Even if this court addresses the issues raised in the motion now, Unocal argues

that the motion should be denied because the judgment is final and appealable under

Act 312 because it adopts a new plan for additional evaluation and remediation not

required by the MFP and orders Unocal to deposit $63,232,983 for the

implementation of that new plan. Further, Unocal argues that the judgment is

appealable because it makes material changes to the 2016 judgment adopting the MFP,

and therefore creates a new final judgment. See Williams v. Bestcomp, Inc., 15-761

(La.App. 3 Cir. 2/3/16), 185 So.3d 269.

In its reply to Unocal’s opposition, VPSB states that Unocal has been aware

that the MFP contemplated additional work beyond sampling since the date it was

adopted by the LDNR. VPSB refers to an excerpt of the MFP which reads:

This estimate does not include additional well installations that may be
necessary pursuant to this Plan; any additional evaluation costs that may
be necessary from additional sampling and/or further delineation required
by this Plan (beyond what is specifically covered in cost tables above);
and/or any remediation costs that may be necessary based on results of
sampling and/or further delineation. Additional costs will depend on
what sampling and/or delineation reveals.

Regarding Unocal’s claim that VPSB’s motion to dismiss is premature and

procedurally deficient, VPSB points out that La.Code Civ.P. art. 2162 provides that

“[a]n appeal can be dismissed at any time by consent of the parties, or for lack of

jurisdiction of the appellate court, or because there is no right to appeal.” VPSB

argues that the fact that Rule 2-8.5 addresses pre-lodging joint motions to dismiss

does not imply that such motions are the only motions to dismiss that may be filed

before an appeal is lodged, nor does it supersede Article 2162.

In the judgment at issue, Unocal is ordered to deposit an additional $63,232,983

into the registry of the court to be used 1) to remove the remaining oil sheens from

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canals, 2) for additional investigation at Tank Battery B, 3) for the excavation and

disposal of four foot thickness of soil containing oil and grease in the South pit-

pipeline area, 4) for investigation at TBA Active Production Areas to a maximum of

12 feet deep, 5) for approximate cost to re-enter SWD #16, evaluate COC’s, and re-

plug, 6) remediation of ground water at the top of Chicot, and 7) remediation of

groundwater in the middle of Chicot. Further, the court ordered the parties in concert

with the LDNR to develop a plan for the actual removal of barium, mercury, TPH-D,

and TPH-O from the canal sediment and the ground water remediation. The parties

are also ordered to submit a proposed addendum to the MFP within 90 days for

consideration in conjunction with the advice and recommendations of the LDNR. The

addendum is to include any proposed alternative to the grout isolation plan submitted

by VPSB in response to the leaching of COC’s into the peat zone of the GW2 aquifer.

The court stated that it shall retain exclusive oversight to ensure compliance with the

MFP and the judgment and that any receipts for monies expended by Unocal be filed

into the record. Lastly, the parties are ordered to submit within 120 days a detailed

explanation of all work done since the judgment to accomplish the actual cleanup of

the area and any objections thereto.

We find that the July 27, 2023 judgment is a final and appealable judgment

under La.R.S. 30:29(C)(6) as it adopts a new plan for additional evaluation and

remediation not required by the MFP and orders Unocal to deposit $63,232,983 for

the implementation of that new plan. Further, the judgment makes material changes

to the 2016 judgment adopting the MFP. Accordingly, we deny VPSB’s motion to

dismiss the appeal.

MOTION TO DISMISS APPEAL DENIED.

THIS OPINION IS NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION.
Uniform Rules―Courts of Appeal, Rule 2-16.3.

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